{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:43:33Z","timestamp":1776962613684,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]],"date-time":"2018-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524268800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8865-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]],"date-time":"2018-04-21T07:16:03Z","timestamp":1524294963000},"page":"1943-1949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Patent foramen ovale and stroke"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"265","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"8865_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.547828","volume":"40","author":"AA Alsheikh-Ali","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alsheikh-Ali AA, Thaler DE, Kent DM (2009) Patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke: incidental or pathogenic? Stroke 40:2349\u20132355","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8865_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a08d59","volume":"81","author":"DM Kent","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kent DM, Ruthazer R, Weimar C, Mas JL, Serena J, Homma S, Di Angelantonio E, Di Tullio MR, Lutz JS, Elkind MS, Griffith J, Jaigobin C, Mattle HP, Michel P, Mono ML, Nedeltchev K, Papetti F, Thaler DE (2013) An index to identify stroke-related vs incidental patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke. Neurology 81:619\u2013625","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8865_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.000807","volume":"7","author":"BS Wessler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wessler BS, Thaler DE, Ruthazer R, Weimar C, Di Tullio MR, Elkind MS, Homma S, Lutz JS, Mas JL, Mattle HP, Meier B, Nedeltchev K, Papetti F, Di Angelantonio E, Reisman M, Serena J, Kent DM (2014) Transesophageal echocardiography in cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale: analysis of putative high-risk features from the risk of paradoxical embolism database. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 7:125\u2013131","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"8865_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181aa2a19","volume":"73","author":"MA Almekhlafi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Almekhlafi MA, Wilton SB, Rabi DM, Ghali WA, Lorenzetti DL, Hill MD (2009) Recurrent cerebral ischemia in medically treated patent foramen ovale: a meta-analysis. Neurology 73:89\u201397","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8865_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007109","volume":"45","author":"AH Katsanos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katsanos AH, Spence JD, Bogiatzi C, Parissis J, Giannopoulos S, Frogoudaki A, Safouris A, Voumvourakis K, Tsivgoulis G (2014) Recurrent stroke and patent foramen ovale: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 45:3352\u20133359","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"83","key":"8865_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000589","volume":"15","author":"DE Thaler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thaler DE, Ruthazer R, Weimar C, Mas JL, Serena J, Di Angelantonio E, Papetti F, Homma S, Mattle HP, Nedeltchev K, Mono ML, Jaigobin C, Michel P, Elkind MS, Di Tullio MR, Lutz JS, Griffith J, Kent DM (2014) Recurrent stroke predictors differ in medically treated patients with pathogenic vs. other PFOs. Neurology 15(83):221\u2013226","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8865_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80228-X","volume":"6","author":"PC Hanley","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hanley PC, Tajik AJ, Hynes JK, Edwards WD, Reeder GS, Hagler DJ, Seward JB (1985) Diagnosis and classification of atrial septal aneurysm by two-dimensional echocardiography: report of 80 consecutive cases. J Am Coll Cardiol 6:1370\u20131382","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"8865_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4065\/79.1.79","volume":"79","author":"SC Horton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Horton SC, Bunch TJ (2004) Patent foramen ovale and stroke. Mayo Clin Proc 79:79\u201388","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"8865_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00243-3","volume":"160","author":"S Chaturvedi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chaturvedi S (1998) Coagulation abnormalities in adults with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale. J Neurol Sci 160:158\u2013160","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8865_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1013695","volume":"45","author":"V Falk","year":"1997","unstructured":"Falk V, Walther T, Krankenberg H, Mohr FW (1997) Trapped thrombus in a patent foramen ovale. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 45:90\u201392","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"8865_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.2.398","volume":"31","author":"K Berthet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berthet K, Lavergne T, Cohen A, Guize L, Bousser MG, Heuzey JY, Amarenco P (2000) Significant association of atrial vulnerability with atrial septal abnormalities. Stroke 31:398\u2013403","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8865_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005539","volume":"45","author":"AL Liberman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liberman AL, Daruwalla VJ, Collins JD, Maas MB, Botelho MP, Ayache JB, Carr J, Ruff I, Bernstein RA, Alberts MJ, Prabhakaran S (2014) Diagnostic yield of pelvic magnetic resonance venography in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale. Stroke 45:2324\u20132329","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8865_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2015.05.015","volume":"28","author":"FE Silvestry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silvestry FE, Cohen MS, Armsby LB, Burkule NJ, Fleishman CE, Hijazi ZM, Lang RM, Rome JJ, Wang Y, American Society of Echocardiography; Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions (2015) Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale: from the American Society of Echocardiography and Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28:910\u2013958","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"8865_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2015.09.011","volume":"29","author":"M Saric","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saric M, Armour AC, Arnaout MS, Chaudhry FA, Grimm RA, Kronzon I, Landeck BF, Maganti K, Michelena HI, Tolstrup K (2016) Guidelines\u00a0for the use of\u00a0echocardiography\u00a0in the\u00a0evaluation\u00a0of a\u00a0cardiac\u00a0source\u00a0of\u00a0embolism. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 29:1\u201342","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"8865_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.12.011","volume":"7","author":"MK Mojadidi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mojadidi MK, Roberts SC, Winoker JS, Romero J, Goodman-Meza D, Gevorgyan R, Tobis JM (2014) Accuracy\u00a0of\u00a0transcranial\u00a0Doppler\u00a0for the\u00a0diagnosis\u00a0of\u00a0intracardiac\u00a0right-to-left\u00a0shunt: a bivariate meta-analysis of prospective studies. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 7:236\u2013250","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"8865_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1159\/000016119","volume":"10","author":"M Jauss","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jauss M, Zanette E (2000) Detection of right-to-left shunt with ultrasound contrast agent and transcranial Doppler sonography. Cerebrovasc Dis 10:490\u2013496","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"8865_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.02.003","volume":"293","author":"MC Lange","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lange MC, Z\u00e9tola VF, deSouza AM, Novak FM, Piovesan EJ, Werneck LC (2010) Intracranial embolism characteristics in PFO patients: a comparison between positive and negative PFO by transesophageal echocardiography: the rule of nine. J Neurol Sci 293:106\u2013109","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8865_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1009639","volume":"366","author":"AJ Furlan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Furlan AJ, Reisman M, Massaro J, Mauri L, Adams H, Albers GW, Felberg R, Herrmann H, Kar S, Landzberg M, Raizner A, Wechsler L, CLOSUREI Investigators (2012) Closure or medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale. N Engl J Med 366:991\u2013999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8865_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211716","volume":"368","author":"B Meier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meier B, Kalesan B, Mattle HP, Khattab AA, Hildick-Smith D, Dudek D, Andersen G, Ibrahim R, Schuler G, Walton AS, Wahl A, Windecker S, J\u00fcni P, Trial Investigators PC (2013) Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic embolism. N Engl J Med 368:1083\u20131091","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8865_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1301440","volume":"368","author":"JD Carroll","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carroll JD, Saver JL, Thaler DE, Smalling RW, Berry S, MacDonald LA, Marks DS, Tirschwell DL, RESPECT Investigators (2013) Closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy after cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med 368:1092\u20131100","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8865_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.08.058","volume":"169","author":"G Ntaios","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ntaios G, Papavasileiou V, Makaritsis K, Michel P (2013) PFO closure vs. medical therapy in cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 169:101\u2013105","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"8865_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705915","volume":"377","author":"JL Mas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mas JL, Derumeaux G, Guillon B, Massardier E, Hosseini H, Mechtouff L, Arquizan C, B\u00e9jot Y, Vuillier F, Detante O, Guidoux C, Canaple S, Vaduva C, Dequatre-Ponchelle N, Sibon I, Garnier P, Ferrier A, Timsit S, Robinet-Borgomano E, Sablot D, Lacour JC, Zuber M, Favrole P, Pinel JF, Apoil M, Reiner P, Lefebvre C, Gu\u00e9rin P, Piot C, Rossi R, Dubois-Rand\u00e9 JL, Eicher JC, Meneveau N, Lusson JR, Bertrand B, Schleich JM, Godart F, Thambo JB, Leborgne L, Michel P, Pierard L, Turc G, Barthelet M, Charles-Nelson A, Weimar C, Moulin T, Juliard JM, Chatellier G, CLOSE Investigators (2017) Patent foramen ovale closure or anticoagulation vs. antiplatelets after stroke. N Engl J Med 377:1011\u20131021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8865_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707404","volume":"377","author":"L S\u00f8ndergaard","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00f8ndergaard L, Kasner SE, Rhodes JF, Andersen G, Iversen HK, Nielsen-Kudsk JE, Settergren M, Sj\u00f6strand C, Roine RO, Hildick-Smith D, Spence JD, Thomassen L, Gore REDUCE Clinical Study Investigators (2017) Patent foramen ovale closure or antiplatelet therapy for cryptogenic stroke. N Engl J Med 377:1033\u20131042","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8865_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1610057","volume":"377","author":"JL Saver","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saver JL, Carroll JD, Thaler DE, Smalling RW, MacDonald LA, Marks DS, Tirschwell DL, RESPECT Investigators (2017) Long-term outcomes of patent foramen ovale closure or medical therapy after stroke. N Engl J Med 377:1022\u20131032","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8865_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv252","volume":"36","author":"DM Kent","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kent DM, Dahabreh IJ, Ruthazer R, Furlan AJ, Weimar C, Serena J, Meier B, Mattle HP, Di Angelantonio E, Paciaroni M, Schuchlenz H, Homma S, Lutz JS, Thaler DE (2015) Anticoagulant vs. antiplatelet therapy in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 36:2381\u20132389","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"8865_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.020030","volume":"49","author":"G Ntaios","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ntaios G, Papavasileiou V, Sagris D, Makaritsis K, Vemmos K, Steiner T, Michel P (2018) Closure of patent foramen ovale versus medical therapy in patients with cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke 49:412\u2013418","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"8865_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8750","author":"E Abo-Salem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abo-Salem E, Chaitman B, Helmy T, Boakye EA, Alkhawam H, Lim M (2018) Patent foramen ovale closure versus medical therapy in cases with cryptogenic stroke, meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Neurol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8750","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"8865_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8766-2","author":"X Niu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niu X, Ou-Yang G, Yan PF, Huang SL, Zhang ZT, Zhang ZH (2018) Closure of patent foramen ovale for cryptogenic stroke patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Neurol. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8766-2","journal-title":"J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8865-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8865-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8865-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T00:03:55Z","timestamp":1555805035000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8865-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["8865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-018-8865-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0340-5354","1432-1459"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0340-5354","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1459","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All authors report no conflicts of interest in connection with the content of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}