{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T00:52:21Z","timestamp":1770425541602,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Appl Physiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05914-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T18:18:05Z","timestamp":1753726685000},"page":"479-492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of ischemic preconditioning on microvascular post-occlusive hyperemic reactions and quadriceps morphology in MMA: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4276-4813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Trybulski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Filipe Manuel","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ireneusz","family":"Ryszkiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wac\u0142aw","family":"Kuczmik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Biolik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andriy","family":"Vovkanych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Wilk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"5914_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3390\/sports12070179","volume":"12","author":"MR Albuquerque","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albuquerque MR, Fl\u00f4r CAG, Ribeiro AIS et al (2024) Effects of ischemic preconditioning on sport-specific performance in highly trained Taekwondo athletes. Sports 12:179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports12070179","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"5914_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajss.20130102.11","volume":"1","author":"P Alm","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alm P (2013) Physiological characters in mixed martial arts. Am J Sports Sci 1:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11648\/j.ajss.20130102.11","journal-title":"Am J Sports Sci"},{"key":"5914_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.2023032594","author":"SM Andrabi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andrabi SM, Sharma NS, Karan A et al (2023) Nitric oxide: physiological functions, delivery, and biomedical applications. Adv Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.2023032594","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"5914_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2022.04.040","volume":"86","author":"P Apichartpiyakul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Apichartpiyakul P, Shinlapawittayatorn K, Rerkasem K et al (2022) Mechanisms and interventions on acute lower limb ischemia\/reperfusion injury: a review and insights from cell to clinical investigations. Ann Vasc Surg 86:452\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avsg.2022.04.040","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"5914_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-023-01839-8","volume":"53","author":"L Boyd","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boyd L, Deakin GB, Devantier-Thomas B et al (2023) The effects of pre-conditioning on exercise-induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med 53:1537\u20131557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-023-01839-8","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5914_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.01.008","volume":"8","author":"M Caru","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caru M, Levesque A, Lalonde F, Curnier D (2019) An overview of ischemic preconditioning in exercise performance: a systematic review. J Sport Health Sci 8:355\u2013369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2019.01.008","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"5914_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0280","volume":"18","author":"B Ceylan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ceylan B, Ta\u015fk\u0131n HB, \u0160imenko J (2023) Effect of ischemic preconditioning on acute recovery in Elite Judo athletes: a randomized, single-blind, crossover trial. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 18:180\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2022-0280","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"5914_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2024.129483","volume":"41","author":"S Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen S, Zhang C (2024) Effects of ischaemic post-conditioning on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. Biol Sport 41:27\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/biolsport.2024.129483","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"5914_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1398424","author":"FS Cinarli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cinarli FS, Ulubaba HE, Ucar O et al (2024) Relationship between quadriceps muscle architecture and lower limb strength and physical function in older adults community-dwelling individuals: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1398424","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"5914_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cocking S, Jones H, Cable NT, Thijssen DH (2019) Enhancing sports performance through ischemic preconditioning. In: The science of hormesis in health and longevity. Elsevier, pp 213\u2013222","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-814253-0.00019-X"},{"key":"5914_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010680.pub2","author":"F Crawford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Crawford F, Welch K, Andras A, Chappell FM (2016) Ankle brachial index for the diagnosis of lower limb peripheral arterial disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010680.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"5914_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1111\/cpf.12353","volume":"37","author":"B Cunniffe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cunniffe B, Sharma V, Cardinale M, Yellon D (2017) Characterization of muscle oxygenation response to vascular occlusion: implications for remote ischaemic preconditioning and physical performance. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 37:785\u2013793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpf.12353","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Funct Imaging"},{"key":"5914_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1590\/1517-8692202127022020_0002","volume":"27","author":"VJ de Santana","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Santana VJ, de De\u00e2ngelo CEO, Salemi VMC, Miranda DP (2021) The influence of ischemic preconditioning on neuromuscular performance. Rev Bras Med Esporte 27:207\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1517-8692202127022020_0002","journal-title":"Rev Bras Med Esporte"},{"key":"5914_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2024.07.036","volume":"40","author":"WSL dos J\u00fanior","year":"2024","unstructured":"dos J\u00fanior WSL, Jales MTM, Fialho HRF et al (2024) Local, proximal, and distal effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on strength and size of upper limb muscles in healthy individuals: a systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 40:1048\u20131059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbmt.2024.07.036","journal-title":"J Bodyw Mov Ther"},{"key":"5914_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2021.104283","volume":"140","author":"AG Horn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Horn AG, Schulze KM, Weber RE et al (2022) Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia and skeletal muscle capillary hemodynamics. Microvasc Res 140:104283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mvr.2021.104283","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"5914_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-015-0433-5","volume":"46","author":"AV Incognito","year":"2016","unstructured":"Incognito AV, Burr JF, Millar PJ (2016) The effects of ischemic preconditioning on human exercise performance. Sports Med 46:531\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-015-0433-5","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"5914_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0373","volume":"12","author":"LP James","year":"2017","unstructured":"James LP, Beckman EM, Kelly VG, Haff GG (2017) The neuromuscular qualities of higher- and lower-level mixed-martial-arts competitors. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 12:612\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2016-0373","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"5914_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00463","author":"O Jeffries","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeffries O, Waldron M, Pattison JR, Patterson SD (2018) Enhanced local skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and microvascular blood flow following 7-day ischemic preconditioning in healthy humans. Front Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.00463","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5914_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1163474","author":"SH Kranen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kranen SH, Oliveira RS, Bond B et al (2023) The utility of the reperfusion rate of tissue oxygen saturation as a measure of vascular endothelial function in adolescents: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Front Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2023.1163474","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5914_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-2862(03)00006-2","volume":"65","author":"P Kvandal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kvandal P, Stefanovska A, Veber M et al (2003) Regulation of human cutaneous circulation evaluated by laser doppler flowmetry, iontophoresis, and spectral analysis: importance of nitric oxide and prostaglandines. Microvasc Res 65:160\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0026-2862(03)00006-2","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"5914_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8087598","author":"P Leurcharusmee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leurcharusmee P, Sawaddiruk P, Punjasawadwong Y et al (2018) The possible pathophysiological outcomes and mechanisms of tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injury during total knee arthroplasty. Oxid Med Cell Longev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/8087598","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"5914_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2022.09.012","volume":"35","author":"P Leurcharusmee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leurcharusmee P, Sawaddiruk P, Punjasawadwong Y et al (2022) Ischemic preconditioning upregulates Mitofusin2 and preserves muscle strength in tourniquet-induced ischemia\/reperfusion. J Orthop Translat 35:113\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2022.09.012","journal-title":"J Orthop Translat"},{"key":"5914_CR23","first-page":"58","volume":"10","author":"R Liana","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liana R, Chuda\u0144ski M, Ponikowska I (2009) Standarisation of laser doppler flowmetry-own standards. Clin Diabetol 10:58\u201364","journal-title":"Clin Diabetol"},{"key":"5914_CR24","unstructured":"Maroco J (2012) An\u00e1lise Estat\u00edstica com utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do SPSS [Statistical analysis with SPSS]. Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Silabo, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"key":"5914_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","volume":"17","author":"AKA McKay","year":"2022","unstructured":"McKay AKA, Stellingwerff T, Smith ES et al (2022) Defining training and performance caliber: a participant classification framework. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 17:317\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0451","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"5914_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041501","volume":"12","author":"T Morikawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morikawa T, Shimasaki M, Ichiseki T et al (2023) The possibility of IPC to prevent ischemic-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle in a rat. J Clin Med 12:1501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12041501","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"5914_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1051529","author":"L O\u2019Brien","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien L, Jacobs I (2022) Potential physiological responses contributing to the ergogenic effects of acute ischemic preconditioning during exercise: a narrative review. Front Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.1051529","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5914_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1123\/jsr.2022-0444","volume":"32","author":"M Olds","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olds M, McLaine S, Magni N (2023) Validity and reliability of the Kinvent handheld dynamometer in the athletic shoulder test. J Sport Rehabil 32:764\u2013772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jsr.2022-0444","journal-title":"J Sport Rehabil"},{"key":"5914_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0561","volume":"41","author":"P Paradis-Desch\u00eanes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paradis-Desch\u00eanes P, Joanisse DR, Billaut F (2016) Ischemic preconditioning increases muscle perfusion, oxygen uptake, and force in strength-trained athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41:938\u2013944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/apnm-2015-0561","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"5914_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000649","volume":"44","author":"MG Plush","year":"2022","unstructured":"Plush MG, Guppy SN, Nosaka K, Barley OR (2022) Exploring the physical and physiological characteristics relevant to mixed martial arts. Strength Cond J 44:52\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000649","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"key":"5914_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0204","volume":"11","author":"AF Salvador","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salvador AF, De Aguiar RA, Lisb\u00f4a FD et al (2016) Ischemic preconditioning and exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 11:4\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0204","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"key":"5914_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs088","volume":"94","author":"W Shi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shi W, Vinten-Johansen J (2012) Endogenous cardioprotection by ischaemic postconditioning and remote conditioning. Cardiovasc Res 94:206\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvs088","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"5914_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0244795","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244795","volume":"16","author":"BR Shirazi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shirazi BR, Valentine RJ, Lang JA (2021) Reproducibility and normalization of reactive hyperemia using laser speckle contrast imaging. PLoS ONE 16:e0244795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0244795","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5914_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-017-3587-z","volume":"117","author":"MS Stock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stock MS, Mota JA, DeFranco RN et al (2017) The time course of short-term hypertrophy in the absence of eccentric muscle damage. Eur J Appl Physiol 117:989\u20131004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-017-3587-z","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"5914_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.81.5.360","volume":"81","author":"K Strenn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Strenn K, Menapace R, Rainer G et al (1997) Reproducibility and sensitivity of scanning laser doppler flowmetry during graded changes in PO2. Br J Ophthalmol 81:360\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.81.5.360","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"5914_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.12.747","volume":"150","author":"N Tapuria","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tapuria N, Kumar Y, Habib MM et al (2008) Remote ischemic preconditioning: a novel protective method from ischemia reperfusion injury\u2014a review. J Surg Res 150:304\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2007.12.747","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"5914_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003148","volume":"55","author":"AL Teixeira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teixeira AL, Gangat A, Bommarito JC et al (2023) Ischemic preconditioning acutely improves functional sympatholysis during handgrip exercise in healthy males but not females. Med Sci Sports Exerc 55:1250\u20131257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000003148","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"5914_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003104","volume":"35","author":"PL Valenzuela","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valenzuela PL, Mart\u00edn-Candilejo R, S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00ednez G et al (2021) Ischemic preconditioning and muscle force capabilities. J Strength Cond Res 35:2187\u20132192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003104","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"5914_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01150","author":"T \u017dargi","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u017dargi T, Drobni\u010d M, Stra\u017ear K, Kacin A (2018) Short-term preconditioning with blood flow restricted exercise preserves quadriceps muscle endurance in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Front Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.01150","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"5914_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000485","volume":"29","author":"A Zebrowska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zebrowska A, Trybulski R, Roczniok R, Marcol W (2019) Effect of physical methods of lymphatic drainage on postexercise recovery of mixed martial arts athletes. Clin J Sport Med 29:49\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000485","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"5914_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01688-x","volume":"9","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang M, Liu Q, Meng H et al (2024) Ischemia-reperfusion injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 9:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01688-x","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Applied Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05914-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05914-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05914-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T12:42:07Z","timestamp":1770381727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05914-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00421-025-05914-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-6319","1439-6327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-6319","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-6327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the National Council of Physiotherapists (approval number 3\/03\/2024, dated 27\/03\/2024).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The participants signed a written informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Registered in the clinical trials registry (ISRCTN15418049).","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial registration"}}]}}