{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T07:20:17Z","timestamp":1777620017780,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union \u2013 NextGenerationEU","award":["MUSA \u2013 Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUSA \u2013 Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action"]}]},{"name":"Italian Ministry of University and Research","award":["D41F19000080001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D41F19000080001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Comput Mech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is a rapidly evolving technology that allows for the efficient and accurate construction of complex concrete objects. In this paper, a numerical modelling approach is presented for the simulation of the printing process of cementitious materials, based on the homogeneous fluid assumption. To cope with the large deformations of the domain and the nonlinearity resulting from the use of a non-Newtonian rheological law, the Navier\u2013Stokes equations are solved in the framework of the Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM). Furthermore, tailored solutions have been formulated and implemented for the time-dependent moving boundary conditions at the nozzle outlet and for the efficient handling of the inter-layer contact in the same PFEM framework. The overall computational cost is decreased by the implementation of an adaptive de-refinement technique, which drastically reduces the number of degrees of freedom in time. The proposed modelling approach is finally validated by simulating the printing process of six rectilinear layers and one multi-layer \u201cwall\u201d. The results show good agreement with the experimental data and provide valuable insights into the printing process, paving the way for the use of numerical modelling tools for the optimization of materials and processes in the field of 3D Concrete Printing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00466-023-02367-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T12:02:39Z","timestamp":1690286559000},"page":"277-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Numerical simulation of the extrusion and layer deposition processes in 3D concrete printing with the Particle Finite Element Method"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2392-1684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giacomo","family":"Rizzieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liberato","family":"Ferrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Cremonesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2367_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.21809\/rilemtechlett.2016.16","volume":"10","author":"T Wangler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wangler T, Lloret E, Reiter L, Hack N, Gramazio F, Kohler M et al (2016) Digital concrete: opportunities and challenges. RILEM Tech Lett 10(1):67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21809\/rilemtechlett.2016.16","journal-title":"RILEM Tech Lett"},{"key":"2367_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.102933","volume":"11","author":"V Mechtcherine","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mechtcherine V, Nerella VN, Will F, N\u00e4ther M, Otto J, Krause M (2019) Large-scale digital concrete construction - CONPrint3D concept for on-site, monolithic 3D-printing. Autom Constr 11:107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.102933","journal-title":"Autom Constr"},{"key":"2367_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104164","volume":"9","author":"A Perrot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perrot A, Pierre A, Nerella VN, Wolfs RJM, Keita E, Nair SAO et al (2021) From analytical methods to numerical simulations: a process engineering toolbox for 3D concrete printing. Cem Concr Compos 9:122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104164","journal-title":"Cem Concr Compos"},{"issue":"37","key":"2367_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2007.06.007","volume":"9","author":"N Roussel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roussel N, Geiker M, Dufour F, Thrane LN, Szabo P (2007) Computational modeling of concrete flow: general overview. Cem Concr Res 9(37):1298\u20131307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2007.06.007","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"issue":"106","key":"2367_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.02.001","volume":"4","author":"RJM Wolfs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wolfs RJM, Bos FP, Salet TAM (2018) Early age mechanical behaviour of 3D printed concrete: numerical modelling and experimental testing. Cem Concr Res 4(106):103\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.02.001","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"2367_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/SSP.309.261","volume":"309","author":"M Vaitov\u00e1","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaitov\u00e1 M, Jendele L, \u010cervenka J (2020) 3D printing of concrete structures modelled by FEM. Sol St Phen 309:261\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/SSP.309.261","journal-title":"Sol St Phen"},{"key":"2367_CR7","unstructured":"Schmidt A, Lahmer T (2021) Numerical simulation of a 3D concrete printing process under polymorphic uncertainty. In: 9th International workshop on reliable engineering computing. Taormina, Italy; p. 118\u2013126"},{"key":"2367_CR8","unstructured":"Vantyghem G, Ooms T, Corte WD (2020) FEM modelling techniques for simulation of 3D concrete printing. In: Proceedings of the fib symposium 2020: concrete structures for resilient society. Shanghai, China; p. 964\u2013972"},{"issue":"36","key":"2367_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12700","volume":"5","author":"Z Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang Z, Xu Y, Chen Y, Gan Y, Schlangen E, \u0160avija B (2021) A discrete lattice model for assessment of buildability performance of 3D-printed concrete. Comput-Aided Civ Inf 5(36):638\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mice.12700","journal-title":"Comput-Aided Civ Inf"},{"key":"2367_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1680\/geot.1979.29.1.47","volume":"29","author":"PA Cundall","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cundall PA, Strack ODL (1979) A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies. G\u00e9otecnique 29:47\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1680\/geot.1979.29.1.47","journal-title":"G\u00e9otecnique"},{"key":"2367_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-013-0084-7","volume":"47","author":"V Mechtcherine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mechtcherine V, Gram A, Krenzer K, Schwabe JH, Shyshko S, Roussel N (2014) Simulation of fresh concrete flow using Discrete Element Method (DEM): theory and applications. Mater Struct 47:615\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1617\/s11527-013-0084-7","journal-title":"Mater Struct"},{"key":"2367_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)em.1943-7889.0002059","volume":"2","author":"E Ramyar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramyar E, Cusatis G (2022) Discrete fresh concrete model for simulation of ordinary, self-consolidating, and printable concrete flow. J Eng Mech 2:148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(asce)em.1943-7889.0002059","journal-title":"J Eng Mech"},{"key":"2367_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-06116-5_24","volume-title":"Third RILEM international conference on concrete and digital fabrication","author":"K Krenzer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krenzer K, Palzer U, M\u00fcller S, Mechtcherine V (2022) Simulation of 3D concrete printing using discrete element method. In: Buswell R, Blanco A, Cavalaro S, Kinnell P (eds) Third RILEM international conference on concrete and digital fabrication. UK, Loughborough, pp 161\u2013166"},{"key":"2367_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106256","volume":"12","author":"R Comminal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Comminal R, da Silva WRL, Andersen TJ, Stang H, Spangenberg J (2020) Modelling of 3D concrete printing based on computational fluid dynamics. Cem Concr Res 12:138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106256","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2367_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.21809\/RILEMTECHLETT.2021.142","volume":"3","author":"J Spangenberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spangenberg J, da Silva WRL, Comminal R, Mollah MT, Andersen TJ, Stang H (2021) Numerical simulation of multi-layer 3D concrete printing. RILEM Tech Lett 3(6):119\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21809\/RILEMTECHLETT.2021.142","journal-title":"RILEM Tech Lett"},{"key":"2367_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106615","volume":"12","author":"RJM Wolfs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wolfs RJM, Salet TAM, Roussel N (2021) Filament geometry control in extrusion-based additive manufacturing of concrete: the good, the bad and the ugly. Cem Concr Res 12:150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106615","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"2367_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219876204000204","volume":"1","author":"E O\u00f1ate","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u00f1ate E, Idelsohn SR, Pin FD, Aubry R (2004) The particle finite element method. An overview. Int J Comput Methods. 1:267\u2013307","journal-title":"Int J Comput Methods."},{"issue":"27","key":"2367_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-020-09468-4","volume":"11","author":"M Cremonesi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cremonesi M, Franci A, Idelsohn S, O\u00f1ate E (2020) A state of the art review of the particle finite element method (PFEM). Arch Comput Methods Eng. 11(27):1709\u20131735. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11831-020-09468-4","journal-title":"Arch Comput Methods Eng."},{"issue":"165","key":"2367_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2010.08.003","volume":"12","author":"M Cremonesi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cremonesi M, Ferrara L, Frangi A, Perego U (2010) Simulation of the flow of fresh cement suspensions by a Lagrangian finite element approach. J Non-Newton Fluid. 12(165):1555\u20131563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnnfm.2010.08.003","journal-title":"J Non-Newton Fluid."},{"issue":"42","key":"2367_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2012.05.007","volume":"8","author":"L Ferrara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferrara L, Cremonesi M, Tregger N, Frangi A, Shah SP (2012) On the identification of rheological properties of cement suspensions: rheometry, computational fluid dynamics modeling and field test measurements. Cem Concr Res 8(42):1134\u20131146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2012.05.007","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"issue":"133","key":"2367_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2016.12.026","volume":"2","author":"L Ferrara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferrara L, Cremonesi M, Faifer M, Toscani S, Sorelli L, Baril MA et al (2017) Structural elements made with highly flowable UHPFRC: correlating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions and non-destructive survey of fiber dispersion with failure modes. Eng Struct 2(133):151\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engstruct.2016.12.026","journal-title":"Eng Struct"},{"key":"2367_CR22","unstructured":"Reinold J, Nerella VN, Mechtcherine V, Meschke G (2019) Particle finite element simulation of extrusion processes of fresh concrete during 3D-concrete-printing. In: Sim-AM 2019: II international conference on simulation for additive manufacturing. Pavia, Italy: CIMNE; p. 428\u2013439"},{"key":"2367_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104173","volume":"4","author":"J Reinold","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reinold J, Nerella VN, Mechtcherine V, Meschke G (2022) Extrusion process simulation and layer shape prediction during 3D-concrete-printing using the particle finite element method. Autom Constr 4:136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104173","journal-title":"Autom Constr"},{"key":"2367_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzieri G, Cremonesi M, Ferrara L (2022) A Numerical Model of 3D Concrete Printing. In: di\u00a0Prisco M, Meda A, Balazs GL, editors. Proceedings of the 14th fib PhD symposium in civil engineering. Rome, Italy; p. 841\u2013848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2023.08.082"},{"issue":"79","key":"2367_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2015.09.022","volume":"1","author":"N Roussel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roussel N, Gram A, Cremonesi M, Ferrara L, Krenzer K, Mechtcherine V et al (2016) Numerical simulations of concrete flow: a benchmark comparison. Cem Concr Res 1(79):265\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2015.09.022","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"2367_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106075","volume":"9","author":"N Roussel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roussel N, Spangenberg J, Wallevik J, Wolfs R (2020) Numerical simulations of concrete processing: from standard formative casting to additive manufacturing. Cem Concr Res 9:135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106075","journal-title":"Cem Concr Res"},{"key":"2367_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donea J, Huerta A, Ponthot JP, Rodr\u00edguez-Ferran A (2017) Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Methods. In: Stein E, de Borst R, Hughes TJR (eds) Encyclopedia of computational mechanics, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp 1\u201323","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119176817.ecm2009"},{"key":"2367_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203473290","volume-title":"Rheology of fresh cement and concrete: proceedings of an international conference","author":"PFG Banfill","year":"1991","unstructured":"Banfill PFG (1991) Rheology of fresh cement and concrete: proceedings of an international conference, 1st ed. CRC Press, Liverpool","edition":"1st ed"},{"key":"2367_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482267006","volume-title":"Workability and quality control of concrete","author":"GH Tattersall","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tattersall GH (1991) Workability and quality control of concrete, 1st edn. CRC Press, London","edition":"1"},{"key":"2367_CR30","volume-title":"Fluidity and plasticity","author":"EC Bingham","year":"1922","unstructured":"Bingham EC (1922) Fluidity and plasticity. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York"},{"issue":"31","key":"2367_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1122\/1.549926","volume":"7","author":"TC Papanastasiou","year":"1987","unstructured":"Papanastasiou TC (1987) Flows of materials with yield. J Rheol 7(31):385\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1122\/1.549926","journal-title":"J Rheol"},{"issue":"274","key":"2367_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2014.05.032","volume":"10","author":"A Bernard-Champmartin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bernard-Champmartin A, Vuyst FD (2014) A low diffusive Lagrange-remap scheme for the simulation of violent air-water free-surface flows. J Comput 10(274):19\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcp.2014.05.032","journal-title":"J Comput"},{"issue":"227","key":"2367_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2008.04.032","volume":"8","author":"C Farhat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farhat C, Rallu A, Shankaran S (2008) A higher-order generalized ghost fluid method for the poor for the three-dimensional two-phase flow computation of underwater implosions. J Comput 8(227):7674\u20137700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcp.2008.04.032","journal-title":"J Comput"},{"key":"2367_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470013826","volume-title":"Finite element methods for flow problems","author":"J Donea","year":"2003","unstructured":"Donea J, Huerta A (2003) Finite element methods for flow problems. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, England"},{"issue":"7","key":"2367_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s40571-019-00245-0","volume":"1","author":"M Cremonesi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cremonesi M, Meduri S, Perego U (2020) Lagrangian-Eulerian enforcement of non-homogeneous boundary conditions in the particle finite element method. Comput Part Mech 1(7):41\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40571-019-00245-0","journal-title":"Comput Part Mech"},{"key":"2367_CR36","first-page":"181","volume":"7","author":"HW Reinhardt","year":"1996","unstructured":"Reinhardt HW, Grosse C, Weiler B, Bohnert J, Windisch N (1996) P-wave propagation in setting and hardening concrete. Otto-Graf-J 7:181\u2013189","journal-title":"Otto-Graf-J"},{"issue":"61","key":"2367_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.1096","volume":"10","author":"SR Idelsohn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Idelsohn SR, O\u00f1ate E, Pin FD (2004) The particle finite element method: A powerful tool to solve incompressible flows with free-surfaces and breaking waves. Int J Numer Methods Eng 10(61):964\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nme.1096","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Eng"},{"issue":"55","key":"2367_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00466-014-1088-z","volume":"1","author":"X Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang X, Krabbenhoft K, Sheng D, Li W (2015) Numerical simulation of a flow-like landslide using the particle finite element method. Comput Mech 1(55):167\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00466-014-1088-z","journal-title":"Comput Mech"},{"issue":"41","key":"2367_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/nag.2544","volume":"1","author":"M Cremonesi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cremonesi M, Ferri F, Perego U (2017) A basal slip model for Lagrangian finite element simulations of 3D landslides. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 1(41):30\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nag.2544","journal-title":"Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech"},{"key":"2367_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2019.103215","volume":"12","author":"L Monforte","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monforte L, Ciantia MO, Carbonell JM, Arroyo M, Gens A (2019) A stable mesh-independent approach for numerical modelling of structured soils at large strains. Comput Geotech 12:116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compgeo.2019.103215","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"issue":"198","key":"2367_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2009.04.002","volume":"7","author":"S Idelsohn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Idelsohn S, Mier-Torrecilla M, O\u00f1ate E (2009) Multi-fluid flows with the particle finite element method. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 7(198):2750\u20132767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cma.2009.04.002","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"2367_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s40571-015-0090-3","volume":"4","author":"MA Celigueta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Celigueta MA, Deshpande KM, Latorre S, O\u00f1ate E (2016) A FEM-DEM technique for studying the motion of particles in non-Newtonian fluids. Application to the transport of drill cuttings in wellbores. Comput Part Mech 4(3):263\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40571-015-0090-3","journal-title":"Comput Part Mech"},{"issue":"84","key":"2367_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.2911","volume":"10","author":"M Cremonesi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cremonesi M, Frangi A, Perego U (2010) A Lagrangian finite element approach for the analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems. Int J Numer Methods Eng 10(84):610\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nme.2911","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Eng"},{"key":"2367_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2021.113510","volume":"1","author":"E O\u00f1ate","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u00f1ate E, Cornejo A, Z\u00e1rate F, Kashiyama K, Franci A (2022) Combination of the finite element method and particle-based methods for predicting the failure of reinforced concrete structures under extreme water forces. Eng Struct 1:251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engstruct.2021.113510","journal-title":"Eng Struct"},{"issue":"177","key":"2367_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruc.2016.09.007","volume":"12","author":"PB Ryzhakov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ryzhakov PB, Garc\u00eda J, O\u00f1ate E (2016) Lagrangian finite element model for the 3D simulation of glass forming processes. Comput Struct 12(177):126\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compstruc.2016.09.007","journal-title":"Comput Struct"},{"issue":"61","key":"2367_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00466-017-1442-z","volume":"6","author":"JM Rodriguez Prieto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rodriguez Prieto JM, Carbonell JM, Cante JC, Oliver J, Jons\u00e9n P (2018) Generation of segmental chips in metal cutting modeled with the PFEM. Comput Mech 6(61):639\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00466-017-1442-z","journal-title":"Comput Mech"},{"key":"2367_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bobach BJ, Falla R, Boman R, Terrapon V, Ponthot JP (2022) Phase change driven adaptive mesh refinement in PFEM. ESAFORM 2021\u201324th international conference on material forming. Li\u00e8ge, Belgium, pp 3861\u20133869","DOI":"10.25518\/esaform21.3861"},{"key":"2367_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2629697","author":"H Si","year":"2015","unstructured":"Si H (2015) TetGen, a Delaunay-based quality tetrahedral mesh generator. ACM Trans Math Softw. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2629697","journal-title":"ACM Trans Math Softw"},{"key":"2367_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1145\/174462.156635","volume":"13","author":"H Edelsbrunner","year":"1994","unstructured":"Edelsbrunner H, M\u00fccke EP (1994) Three-dimensional alpha shapes. ACM Trans Graph 13:43\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/174462.156635","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"},{"issue":"117","key":"2367_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.5962","volume":"1","author":"S Meduri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meduri S, Cremonesi M, Perego U (2019) An efficient runtime mesh smoothing technique for 3D explicit Lagrangian free-surface fluid flow simulations. Int J Numer Methods Eng. 1(117):430\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nme.5962","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Eng."},{"key":"2367_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036142905444482","volume":"44","author":"PB Bochev","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bochev PB, Dohrmann CR, Gunzburger MD (2006) Stabilization of low-order mixed finite elements for the stokes equations. SIAM J Numer Anal 44:82\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/S0036142905444482","journal-title":"SIAM J Numer Anal"},{"issue":"46","key":"2367_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/fld.752","volume":"9","author":"CR Dohrmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dohrmann CR, Bochev PB (2004) A stabilized finite elements method for the Stokes problem based on polynomial pressure projections. Int J Numer Methods Fluids 9(46):183\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fld.752","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Fluids"},{"issue":"4","key":"2367_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s40571-016-0124-5","volume":"7","author":"A Franci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franci A, Cremonesi M (2017) On the effect of standard PFEM remeshing on volume conservation in free-surface fluid flow problems. Comput Part Mech 7(4):331\u2013343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40571-016-0124-5","journal-title":"Comput Part Mech"},{"key":"2367_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40571-022-00541-2","author":"R Falla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Falla R, Bobach BJ, Boman R, Ponthot JP, Terrapon VE (2023) Mesh adaption for two-dimensional bounded and free-surface flows with the particle finite element method. Comput Part Mech. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40571-022-00541-2","journal-title":"Comput Part Mech"},{"key":"2367_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1617\/s11527-021-01800-z","author":"L Esposito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Esposito L, Casagrande L, Menna C, Asprone D, Auricchio F (2020) Early-age creep behaviour of 3D printable mortars: experimental characterisation and analytical modelling. Mater Struct. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1617\/s11527-021-01800-z","journal-title":"Mater Struct"},{"key":"2367_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2006.05.025","volume":"36","author":"N Roussel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roussel N (2006) A thixotropy model for fresh fluid concretes: theory, validation and applications. Cement Concrete Res 36:1797\u20131806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2006.05.025","journal-title":"Cement Concrete Res"}],"container-title":["Computational Mechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00466-023-02367-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00466-023-02367-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00466-023-02367-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T09:10:42Z","timestamp":1708420242000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00466-023-02367-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00466-023-02367-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0178-7675","1432-0924"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0178-7675","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0924","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}