{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T12:19:02Z","timestamp":1774009142641,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UI\/BD\/152225\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/152225\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXPL\/GES AMB\/0280\/2021."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/GES AMB\/0280\/2021."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"H2020 Research and innovation","award":["945307"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["945307"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005765","name":"Universidade de Lisboa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Biometeorol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this initial study of a research project, this paper seeks to understand the thermal conditions in the cities of Lisbon and Munich, specifically focusing on Urban Heat Island intensity and on thermal comfort using the Universal Thermal Climate Index modeling data at the Local Climate Zone scale. Based on these datasets, Munich has exhibited more unfavourable thermal conditions than Lisbon. In terms of UHII, both cities have shown that low, medium, and high rise compact urban areas and bare rock or paved areas have the highest values, while sparsely built areas have the lowest. These results differ from the UTCI, which indicates that in Lisbon and Munich, these sparsely built areas as well as areas with low plants and vegetation are the most uncomfortable. In Munich, the population was exposed to very strong heat stress, while Lisbon experienced strong heat stress conditions. Conversely, low, medium, and high rise compact urban areas and densely wooded areas in Munich, and scattered trees areas and large low-rise urban areas in Lisbon, have demonstrated the lowest monthly mean and average maximum values. These results will be further explored in future studies in the city of Lisbon and cross-checked with data obtained from roving missions. This will enable a more detailed temporal and local analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-024-02639-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T03:02:23Z","timestamp":1708398143000},"page":"949-963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Thermal stress and comfort assessment in urban areas using Copernicus Climate Change Service Era 5 reanalysis and collected microclimatic data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6018-783X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ata","family":"Chokhachian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Malte","family":"Wagenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Santucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2639_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alcoforado MJ, Andrade H (2008) Global Warming and the Urban Heat Island. In: Marzluff JM, et al. Urban Ecology. Springer, Boston, MA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-73412-5_14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-73412-5_14"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2639_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-005-0152-1","volume":"84","author":"MJ Alcoforado","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alcoforado MJ, Andrade H (2006) Nocturnal urban heat island in Lisbon (Portugal): Main features and modelling attempts. Theoret Appl Climatol 84(1\u20133):151\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00704-005-0152-1","journal-title":"Theoret Appl Climatol"},{"key":"2639_CR3","unstructured":"Andrade H (2003) \u2013 Bioclima humano e temperatura do ar em Lisboa. Disserta\u00e7\u00e3o de Doutoramento em Geografia F\u00edsica. Faculdade de Letras. [Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de Lisboa]. UL repository. https:\/\/renates2.dgeec.mec.pt\/ppsqdet.asp"},{"issue":"5","key":"2639_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-010-0379-0","volume":"55","author":"H Andrade","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andrade H, Alcoforado M, Oliveira S (2011) Perception of temperature and wind by users of public outdoor spaces: Relationships with weather parameters and personal characteristics. Int J Biometeorol 55(5):665\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-010-0379-0","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"84","key":"2639_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.18055\/finis1420","volume":"XLII","author":"H Andrade","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andrade H, Vieira R (2007) A climatic study of an urban green space: the Gulbenkian Park in Lisbon (Portugal). Finisterra XLII(84):27\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18055\/finis1420","journal-title":"Finisterra"},{"issue":"7","key":"2639_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3934","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.7051","volume":"41","author":"B Antonescu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antonescu B, M\u0103rmureanu L, Vasilescu J, Marin C, Andrei S, Boldeanu M, Ene D, \u0162ilea A (2021) A 41-year bioclimatology of thermal stress in Europe. Int J Climatol 41(7):3934\u20133952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/joc.7051","journal-title":"Int J Climatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2639_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.3390\/en13082079","volume":"13","author":"E Antonini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Antonini E, Vodola V, Gaspari J, de Giglio M (2020) Outdoor wellbeing and quality of life: A scientific literature review on thermal comfort. Energies 13(8):2079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en13082079","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"2639_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103535","volume":"113","author":"I Batur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batur I, Markolf S, Chester M, Middel A, Hondula D, Vanos J (2022) Street-level heat and air pollution exposure informed by mobile sensing. Transport Res D 113:103535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trd.2022.103535","journal-title":"Transport Res D"},{"key":"2639_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Beck H, Zimmermann N, McVicar T, Vergopolan N, Berg A, Wood E (2018) Present and future k\u00f6ppen-geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution. Sci Data 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sdata.2018.214","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.214"},{"key":"2639_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2478\/mgrsd-2010-0009","volume":"14","author":"K B\u0142a\u017cejczyk","year":"2010","unstructured":"B\u0142a\u017cejczyk K, Br\u00f6de P, Fiala D, Havenith G, Holm\u00e9r I, Jendritzky G, Kampmann B, Kunert A (2010) Principles of the new universal thermal climate index (UTCI) and its application to bioclimatic research in European scale. Miscellanea Geograph 14:91\u2013102","journal-title":"Miscellanea Geograph"},{"key":"2639_CR11","unstructured":"Chokhachian, Ata (2022) Experimental and simulation-based analysis of outdoor thermal comfort conditions in urban environments [Doctoral dissertation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen]. TUM repository.\u00a0https:\/\/mediatum.ub.tum.de\/1616440"},{"key":"2639_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2018.07.003","volume":"20","author":"A Chokhachian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chokhachian A, Ka-Lun Lau K, Perini K, Auer T (2018) Sensing transient outdoor comfort: A georeferenced method to monitor and map microclimate. J Build Eng 20:94\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jobe.2018.07.003","journal-title":"J Build Eng"},{"issue":"August","key":"2639_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2019.126429","volume":"44","author":"K Colter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Colter K, Middel A, Martin C (2019) Effects of natural and artificial shade on human thermal comfort in residential neighborhood parks of Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Urban Forestry Urban Green 44(August):126429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ufug.2019.126429","journal-title":"Urban Forestry Urban Green"},{"key":"2639_CR14","unstructured":"COST Action 730 (2012) The universal thermal climate index UTCI for assessing the thermal environment of the human being (pp. 1\u201313). COST"},{"key":"2639_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2015.01.001","volume":"12","author":"K De Ridder","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Ridder K, Lauwaet D, Maiheu B (2015) UrbClim - A fast urban boundary layer climate model. Urban Clim 12:21\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2015.01.001","journal-title":"Urban Clim"},{"issue":"3","key":"2639_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/urbansci1010003","volume":"1","author":"K De Ridder","year":"2017","unstructured":"De Ridder K, Maiheu B, Lauwaet D, Daglis I, Keramitsoglou I, Kourtidis K, Manunta P, Paganini M (2017) Urban Heat Island Intensification during Hot Spells\u2014The Case of Paris during the Summer of 2003. Urban Sci 1(3):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/urbansci1010003","journal-title":"Urban Sci"},{"key":"2639_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2017.12.009","volume":"67","author":"K Deilami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deilami K, Kamruzzaman M, Liu Y (2018) Urban heat island effect: A systematic review of spatio-temporal factors, data, methods, and mitigation measures. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 67:30\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jag.2017.12.009","journal-title":"Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf"},{"key":"2639_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deng X, Nie W, Li X, Wu J, Yin Z, Han J, Pan H, Lam C (2023) Influence of built environment on outdoor thermal comfort: A comparative study of new and old urban blocks in Guangzhou. Build Environ 234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2023.110133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2023.110133"},{"issue":"1","key":"2639_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos11010051","volume":"11","author":"M Elnabawi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elnabawi M, Hamza N (2020) Behavioural perspectives of outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas: A critical review. Atmosphere 11(1):1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/atmos11010051","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"2639_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2021.101017","volume":"40","author":"J Emery","year":"2021","unstructured":"Emery J, Pohl B, Cr\u00e9tat J, Richard Y, Pergaud J, Rega M, Zito S, Dudek J, Vairet T, Joly D, Th\u00e9venin T (2021) How local climate zones influence urban air temperature: Measurements by bicycle in Dijon, France. Urban Clim 40:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2021.101017","journal-title":"Urban Clim"},{"key":"2639_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102375","volume":"61","author":"J Fahed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fahed J, Kinab E, Ginestet S, Adolphe L (2020) Impact of urban heat island mitigation measures on microclimate and pedestrian comfort in a dense urban district of Lebanon. Sustain Cities Soc 61:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102375","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"issue":"November 2017","key":"2639_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.11.028","volume":"128","author":"Z Fang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fang Z, Lin Z, Mak C, Niu Ji, Tse K (2018) Investigation into sensitivities of factors in outdoor thermal comfort indices. Build Environ 128(November 2017):129\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.11.028","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"issue":"102215","key":"2639_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102215","volume":"59","author":"K Foshag","year":"2020","unstructured":"Foshag K, Aeschbach N, H\u00f6fle B, Winkler R, Siegmund A, Aeschbach W (2020) Viability of public spaces in cities under increasing heat: A transdisciplinary approach. Sustain Cities Soc 59(102215):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102215","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"2639_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.076","volume":"624","author":"J Geleti\u010d","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geleti\u010d J, Lehnert M, Savi\u0107 S, Milo\u0161evi\u0107 D (2018) Modelled spatiotemporal variability of outdoor thermal comfort in local climate zones of the city of Brno, Czech Republic. Sci Total Environ 624:385\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.076","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2639_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.09.015","volume":"125","author":"T Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang T, Li J, Xie Y, Niu J, Mak C (2017) Simultaneous environmental parameter monitoring and human subject survey regarding outdoor thermal comfort and its modelling. Build Environ 125:502\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2017.09.015","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2639_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-011-0513-7","volume":"56","author":"G Jendritzky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jendritzky G, de Dear R, Havenith G (2012) UTCI-Why another thermal index? Int J Biometeorol 56(3):421\u2013428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-011-0513-7","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"108244","key":"2639_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108244","volume":"205","author":"Y Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim Y, Brown R (2021) A multilevel approach for assessing the effects of microclimatic urban design on pedestrian thermal comfort: The High Line in New York. Build Environ 205(108244):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108244","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2639_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2010.09.013","volume":"46","author":"E Kr\u00fcger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger E, Rossi F (2011) Effect of personal and microclimatic variables on observed thermal sensation from a field study in southern Brazil. Build Environ 46(3):690\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2010.09.013","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"issue":"14","key":"2639_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5292","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.6140","volume":"39","author":"Y Kwok","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kwok Y, Schoetter R, Lau K, Hidalgo J, Ren C, Pigeon G, Masson V (2019) How well does the local climate zone scheme discern the thermal environment of Toulouse (France)? An analysis using numerical simulation data. Int J Climatol 39(14):5292\u20135315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/joc.6140","journal-title":"Int J Climatol"},{"key":"2639_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lai D, Lian Z, Liu W, Guo C, Liu W, Liu K, Chen Q (2020) A comprehensive review of thermal comfort studies in urban open spaces. Sci Total Environ 742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140092"},{"key":"2639_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.03.005","volume":"154","author":"K Lau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lau K, Chung S, Ren C (2019a) Outdoor thermal comfort in different urban settings of sub-tropical high-density cities: An approach of adopting local climate zone (LCZ) classification. Build Environ 154:227\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2019.03.005","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"2639_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lau K, Shi Y, Ng E (2019b) Dynamic response of pedestrian thermal comfort under outdoor transient conditions. Int J Biometeorol 979\u2013989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-019-01712-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-019-01712-2"},{"key":"2639_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lau K, Tan Z, Morakinyo T, Ren C (2022). Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Urban Environment: Assessments and Applications in Urban Planning and Design (1st ed.). Springer, Singapore. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-16-5245-5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-5245-5"},{"key":"2639_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.09.024","volume":"168","author":"P Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin P, Lau S, Qin H, Gou Z (2017) Effects of urban planning indicators on urban heat island: a case study of pocket parks in high-rise high-density environment. Landsc Urban Plan 168:48\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2017.09.024","journal-title":"Landsc Urban Plan"},{"key":"2639_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/487695","volume":"2013","author":"A Lopes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lopes A, Alves E, Alcoforado M, Machete R (2013) Lisbon urban heat island updated: New highlights about the relationships between thermal patterns and wind regimes. Advances in Meteorology 2013:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/487695","journal-title":"Advances in Meteorology"},{"key":"2639_CR36","unstructured":"Matzarakis, A Mayer H (2008) Learning from the past: Urban climate studies in Munich. In proceedings of the berichte des meteorologischen instituts der albert-ludwigs-universit\u00e4tfreiburg, freiburg, germany (vol. 18, pp. 271\u2013276). https:\/\/d-nb.info\/1156532817\/34#page=271"},{"issue":"12","key":"2639_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-016-1172-5","volume":"60","author":"A Middel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Middel A, Selover N, Hagen B, Chhetri N (2016) Impact of shade on outdoor thermal comfort\u2014a seasonal field study in Tempe Arizona. Int J Biometeorol 60(12):1849\u20131861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-016-1172-5","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2639_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0088(20000630)20:8<899::AID-JOC433>3.0.CO;2-I","volume":"20","author":"J Mont\u00e1vez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mont\u00e1vez J, Rodr\u00edguez A, Jim\u00e9nez J (2000) A study of the Urban Heat Island of Granada. Int J Climatol 20(8):899\u2013911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0088(20000630)20:8%3c899::AID-JOC433%3e3.0.CO;2-I","journal-title":"Int J Climatol"},{"key":"2639_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781139016476","author":"T Oke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oke T, Mills G, Christen A, Voogt J (2017) Urban Climates. Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781139016476","journal-title":"Cambridge University Press"},{"issue":"147710","key":"2639_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147710","volume":"790","author":"A Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliveira A, Lopes A, Correia E, Niza S, Soares A (2021a) An urban climate-based empirical model to predict present and future patterns of the Urban Thermal Signal. Sci Total Environ 790(147710):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147710","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2639_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12030292","volume":"12","author":"A Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oliveira A, Lopes A, Correia E, Niza S, Soares A (2021b) Heatwaves and summer urban heat islands: A daily cycle approach to unveil the urban thermal signal changes in Lisbon Portugal. Atmosphere 12(3):1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/atmos12030292","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"issue":"100631","key":"2639_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100631","volume":"33","author":"A Oliveira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oliveira A, Lopes A, Niza S (2020) Local climate zones in five southern European cities: An improved GIS-based classification method based on Copernicus data. Urban Clim 33(100631):1\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.uclim.2020.100631","journal-title":"Urban Clim"},{"issue":"100455","key":"2639_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wace.2022.100455","volume":"36","author":"A Oliveira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oliveira A, Lopes A, Soares A (2022) Excess Heat Factor climatology, trends, and exposure across European Functional Urban Areas. Weather Clim Extremes 36(100455):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wace.2022.100455","journal-title":"Weather Clim Extremes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2639_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-007-0100-0","volume":"52","author":"S Oliveira","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oliveira S, Andrade H (2007) An initial assessment of the bioclimatic comfort in an outdoor public space in Lisbon. Int J Biometeorol 52(1):69\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-007-0100-0","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2639_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1021\/es2030438","volume":"46","author":"S Peng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peng S, Piao S, Ciais P, Friedlingstein P, Ottle C, Br\u00e9on F, Nan H, Zhou L, Myneni R (2012) Surface urban heat island across 419 global big cities. Environ Sci Technol 46(2):696\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es2030438","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2639_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2480","DOI":"10.3390\/su11092480","volume":"11","author":"C Reis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reis C, Lopes A (2019) Evaluating the cooling potential of urban green spaces to tackle urban climate change in Lisbon. Sustainability 11(9):2480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su11092480","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"840","key":"2639_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ATMOS11080840","volume":"11","author":"C Reis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reis C, Lopes A, Correia E, Fragoso M (2020) Local weather types by thermal periods: Deepening the knowledge about Lisbon\u2019s urban climate. Atmosphere 11(840):1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ATMOS11080840","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"2639_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roth M (2013) Urban Heat Islands. In HJS Fernando (Ed.) Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics (First, pp. 143\u2013159). Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-94-017-9499-2_5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9499-2_5"},{"key":"2639_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.09.041","volume":"146","author":"F Salata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salata F, Golasi I, Ciancio V, Rosso F (2018) Dressed for the season: Clothing and outdoor thermal comfort in the Mediterranean population. Build Environ 146:50\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2018.09.041","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"2639_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2012.07.003","volume":"103","author":"M Santamouris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Santamouris M (2014) Cooling the cities - A review of reflective and green roof mitigation technologies to fight heat island and improve comfort in urban environments. Sol Energy 103:682\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.solener.2012.07.003","journal-title":"Sol Energy"},{"key":"2639_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Santucci D, Chokhachian A (2019) Climatewalks: Human Centered Environmental Sensing. In Conscious Cities Anthology 2019: Science-Informed Architecture and Urbanism (p. 1). The Centre for Conscious Design. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33797\/CCA19.01.15","DOI":"10.33797\/CCA19.01.15"},{"key":"2639_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.10.007","volume":"94","author":"T Sharmin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharmin T, Steemers K, Matzarakis A (2015) Analysis of microclimatic diversity and outdoor thermal comfort perceptions in the tropical megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh. Build Environ 94:734\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.10.007","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"issue":"12","key":"2639_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1175\/BAMS-D-11-00019.1","volume":"93","author":"ID Stewart","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stewart ID, Oke TR (2012) Local climate zones for urban temperature studies. Bull Am Meteor Soc 93(12):1879\u20131900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/BAMS-D-11-00019.1","journal-title":"Bull Am Meteor Soc"},{"key":"2639_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stewart I, Mills G (2021) The Urban Heat Island: A Guidebook. In I. Stewart & G. Mills (Eds.), The Urban Heat Island: A Guidebook. Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-815017-7.09997-5","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-815017-7.09997-5"},{"key":"2639_CR55","unstructured":"The World Bank (2023) Urban Development. https:\/\/www.Worldbank.Org\/En\/Topic\/Urbandevelopment\/Overview"},{"issue":"2","key":"2639_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-017-1440-z","volume":"62","author":"J Unger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Unger J, Skarbit N, G\u00e1l T (2018) Evaluation of outdoor human thermal sensation of local climate zones based on long-term database. Int J Biometeorol 62(2):183\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-017-1440-z","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"2639_CR57","unstructured":"Vasconcelos, J (2006) Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o clim\u00e1tica para o planeamento urbano de Lisboa: Influ\u00eancia do crescimento urbano no sistema de brisas do estu\u00e1rio do Tejo. [Master dissertation, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa]."},{"key":"2639_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2023.110197","volume":"234","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Ren C, Shi Y, Yim SHL, Lai DYF, Xu Y, Fang C, Li W (2023) Mapping the spatial distribution of nocturnal urban heat island based on Local Climate Zone framework. Build Environ 234:110197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2023.110197","journal-title":"Build Environ"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biometeorology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-024-02639-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00484-024-02639-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00484-024-02639-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]],"date-time":"2024-04-29T14:06:08Z","timestamp":1714399568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00484-024-02639-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-024-02639-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7128","1432-1254"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7128","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1254","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 February 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}