{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T23:27:18Z","timestamp":1776295638447,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06754-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:03:47Z","timestamp":1641513827000},"page":"8017-8026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["DeepClassRooms: a deep learning based digital twin framework for on-campus class rooms"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Saad","family":"Razzaq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Babar","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Farkhund","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ilyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Maqbool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"6754_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.05.556","volume":"46","author":"FA Kutluk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kutluk FA, Gulmez M (2012) A research about distance education students\u2019 satisfaction with education quality at an accounting program. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 46:2733\u20132737","journal-title":"Procedia Soc Behav Sci"},{"key":"6754_CR2","first-page":"330","volume":"16","author":"A Bozkurt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bozkurt A, Akgun-Ozbek E, Yilmaz S, Erdogdu E, Ucar H, Guler E, Sezgin S, Karadeniz A, Sen-Ersoy N, Goksel-Canbek N, Dincer GD, Ari S, Aydin CH (2015) Trends in distance education research: a content analysis of journals 2009\u20132013, International review of research in open and distributed. Learning 16:330\u2013363","journal-title":"Learning"},{"key":"6754_CR3","unstructured":"University finances and covid 19 different schools different risks https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/brown-center-chalkboard\/2020\/06\/18\/university-finances-and-covid-19-different-schools-different-risks\/. Accessed 08 May 2021"},{"key":"6754_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh R, Gehlot A, Jain V, Malik PK (2019) Handbook of research on the internet of things applications in robotics and automation. IGI Global: International Publisher of Information Science and Technology Research, pp 171\u2013185","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-9574-8"},{"key":"6754_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh R, Gehlot, Gupta ALR, Singh B, Swain M (2019) Internet of things with Raspberry Pi and Arduino. CRC Press","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429284564"},{"key":"6754_CR6","first-page":"502","volume":"5","author":"HM Al-Barhamtoshy","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Barhamtoshy HM, Altalhi AH, Mashat AS (2014) Automation of attendances in classrooms using RFID. Int J Sci Eng Res 5:502\u2013509","journal-title":"Int J Sci Eng Res"},{"key":"6754_CR7","unstructured":"Kovavisaruch L, Sornleardlumvanich V, Chalernporn T, Kamolvej P, Iamrahong N (2012) Evaluating and collecting museum visitor behavior via RFID, 2012 Proceedings of PICMET\u201912: technology management for emerging technologies, pp 1099\u20131101"},{"key":"6754_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed KS (2019) IoT application layer: case studies and real applications, The Era of Internet of Things. Springer, pp 93\u2013111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-18133-8_5"},{"key":"6754_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3991\/ijoe.v13i11.7663","volume":"13","author":"N Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen N, Yue Q (2017) Campus intelligent safety supervision system based on RFID. Int. J. Online Biomed. Eng. (iJOE) 13:152\u2013161","journal-title":"Int. J. Online Biomed. Eng. (iJOE)"},{"key":"6754_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neto AJV, Zhao Z, Rodrigues JJPC, Camboim HB, Braun T (2018) Fog-based crime-assistance in smart IoT transportation system. IEEE Access 6:11101\u201311111","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2803439"},{"key":"6754_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atabekov A (2016) Internet of things-based Smart classroom environment: student research abstract. Proceedings of the 31st annual ACM symposium on applied computing, pp 746\u2013747","DOI":"10.1145\/2851613.2852011"},{"key":"6754_CR12","unstructured":"Reddy CSS, Zaheer A, Saket KV, V P (2018) Smart classroom using Raspberry PI. Int J Pure Appl Math 120:1871\u20131884"},{"key":"6754_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.3390\/app9091837","volume":"9","author":"LS Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang LS, Su JY, Pao TL (2019) A context-aware Smart classroom architecture for Smart campuses. Appl Sci 9:1837","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"6754_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuppusamy P (2019) Smart education using internet of things technology. Emerging Technologies and Applications in Data Processing and Management, IGI Global, pp 385\u2013412","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-8446-9.ch017"},{"key":"6754_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmood S, Palaniappan S, Hasan R, Sarker KU, Abass A, Rajegowda PM (2019) Raspberry PI and role of IoT in education. 2019 4th MEC International conference on big data and smart city (ICBDSC), pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBDSC.2019.8645598"},{"key":"6754_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim Y, Soyata T, Behnagh RF (2018) Towards emotionally aware AI smart classroom: current issues and directions for engineering and education. IEEE Access 6:5308\u20135331","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2791861"},{"key":"6754_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arora A, Hariharan P (2019) Sensate benches\u2014a modern approach to education. 2019 5th International conference on advanced computing & communication systems (ICACCS), pp 401\u2013404","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCS.2019.8728551"},{"key":"6754_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang J, Pan H, Zhou W, Huang R (2018) Evaluation of smart classroom from the perspective of infusing technology into pedagogy 5:1\u201311","DOI":"10.1186\/s40561-018-0070-1"},{"key":"6754_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G M, R JK, Bijlani K (2016) A smart phone integrated smart classroom. 2016 10th International conference on next generation mobile applications, Security and Technologies (NGMAST), pp 88\u201393","DOI":"10.1109\/NGMAST.2016.31"},{"key":"6754_CR20","first-page":"2278","volume":"3","author":"CS Patil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patil CS, Karhe RR, Jain MD (2014) Student Attendance System and Authentication using Face Recognition. International Journel of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) vol 3 ISSN 2278-0181","journal-title":"International Journel of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)"},{"key":"6754_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sajid M, Hussain R, Usman M (2014) A conceptual model for automated attendance marking system using facial recognition. Ninth international conference on digital information management (ICDIM 2014), pp 7\u201310","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDIM.2014.6991407"},{"key":"6754_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4018\/IJDET.2015040103","volume":"13","author":"WGCW Kumara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumara WGCW, Wattanachote K, Battulga B, Shih TK, Hwang WY (2015) A kinect-based assessment system for smart classroom. Int J Distance Educ Technol (IJDET) 13:34\u201353","journal-title":"Int J Distance Educ Technol (IJDET)"},{"key":"6754_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3287","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153287","volume":"19","author":"P Fraga-Lamas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fraga-Lamas P, Celaya-Echarri M, Lopez-Iturri P, Castedo L, Azpilicueta L, Aguirre E, Su\u00e1rez-Albela M, Falcone F, Fern\u00e1ndez-Caram\u00e9 TM (2019) Design and experimental validation of a LoRaWAN fog computing based architecture for IoT enabled smart campus applications. Sensors 19:3287","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"6754_CR24","unstructured":"Mrabet HE, Moussam AA (2019) Smart school guidance and vocational guidance system through the internet of things. Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on networking, information systems & security, pp 1\u20135"},{"key":"6754_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunn CL, Raven J (2017) Smart education: introducing active learning engineering classrooms in the Middle East (2017) Fourth HCT Information Technology Trends (ITT). IEEE 2017, pp 1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/CTIT.2017.8259556"},{"key":"6754_CR26","unstructured":"School Portal Punjab, Punjab Govt, 14 02 2019. [Online]. http:\/\/schoolportal.punjab.gov.pk\/census\/schoolcensusNew.htm. Accessed 10 Oct 2020"},{"key":"6754_CR27","unstructured":"Hijazi S, Kumar R, Rowen C (2015) Using convolutional neural networks for image recognition. Cadence Design Systems Inc.: San Jose, CA, USA, pp 1\u201312"},{"key":"6754_CR28","first-page":"2206","volume":"7","author":"A Bhandare","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhandare A, Bhide M, Gokhale P, Chandavarkar R (2016) Applications of convolutional neural networks. Int J Comput Sci Inf Technol 7:2206\u20132215","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci Inf Technol"},{"key":"6754_CR29","unstructured":"Chunjing Y, Yueyao Z, Yaxuan Z, Liu H (2017) Application of convolutional neural network in classification of high resolution agricultural remote sensing images. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 42"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06754-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06754-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06754-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T10:22:17Z","timestamp":1744194137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06754-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06754-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}