{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:52:48Z","timestamp":1777639968974,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]],"date-time":"2013-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Spine J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2850-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,11]],"date-time":"2013-06-11T13:12:06Z","timestamp":1370956326000},"page":"2787-2799","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":289,"title":["Spinal infection: state of the art and management algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rui M.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Vaccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2850_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.10378","volume":"125","author":"N Tayles","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tayles N, Buckley HR (2004) Leprosy and tuberculosis in iron age southeast Asia? Am J Phys Anthropol 125(3):239\u2013256","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"2850_CR2","volume-title":"Campbell\u2019s operative orthopaedics","author":"FX Camillo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Camillo FX (2008) Infections of the spine. In: Canale ST, Beaty JH (eds) Campbell\u2019s operative orthopaedics. Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia"},{"issue":"9","key":"2850_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-006-1084-7","volume":"109","author":"TM Frangen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frangen TM et al (2006) Surgical management of spondylodiscitis. An analysis of 78 cases. Unfallchirurg 109(9):743\u2013753","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"2850_CR4","first-page":"181","volume":"105","author":"R Sobottke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sobottke R et al (2008) Current diagnosis and treatment of spondylodiscitis. Dtsch Arztebl Int 105(10):181\u2013187","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"issue":"23","key":"2850_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000244662.78725.37","volume":"31","author":"JS Butler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Butler JS et al (2006) Nontuberculous pyogenic spinal infection in adults: a 12-year experience from a tertiary referral center. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31(23):2695\u20132700","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2850_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000203454.82264.cd","volume":"444","author":"S Tsiodras","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tsiodras S, Falagas ME (2006) Clinical assessment and medical treatment of spine infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res 444:38\u201350","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2850_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050793","volume":"9","author":"PN Tyrrell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tyrrell PN, Cassar-Pullicino VN, McCall IW (1999) Spinal infection. Eur Radiol 9(6):1066\u20131077","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679808997789","volume":"69","author":"MR Krogsgaard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Krogsgaard MR, Wagn P, Bengtsson J (1998) Epidemiology of acute vertebral osteomyelitis in Denmark: 137 cases in Denmark 1978\u20131982, compared to cases reported to the National Patient Register 1991\u20131993. Acta Orthop Scand 69(5):513\u2013517","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.03.002","volume":"39","author":"E Mylona","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mylona E et al (2009) Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a systematic review of clinical characteristics. Semin Arthritis Rheum 39(1):10\u201317","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008850","volume":"136","author":"L Grammatico","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grammatico L et al (2008) Epidemiology of vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) in France: analysis of hospital-discharge data 2002\u20132003. Epidemiol Infect 136(5):653\u2013660","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"2850_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199706000-00011","volume":"79","author":"EJ Carragee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carragee EJ (1997) Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 79(6):874\u2013880","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2850_CR12","first-page":"2","volume":"16","author":"M Fantoni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fantoni M et al (2012) Epidemiological and clinical features of pyogenic spondylodiscitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16(Suppl 2):2\u20137","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2850_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2011.105","volume":"7","author":"M Afshar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Afshar M, Reilly RF (2011) Spondylodiscitis in a patient on chronic hemodialysis. Nat Rev Nephrol 7(10):599\u2013604","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(97)92395-1","volume":"34","author":"AG Jensen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jensen AG et al (1997) Increasing frequency of vertebral osteomyelitis following Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in Denmark 1980\u20131990. J Infect 34(2):113\u2013118","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(02)00203-6","volume":"2","author":"JS Silber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Silber JS et al (2002) Management of postprocedural discitis. Spine J 2(4):279\u2013287","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1086\/520212","volume":"29","author":"ME Jimenez-Mejias","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jimenez-Mejias ME et al (1999) Postoperative spondylodiskitis: etiology, clinical findings, prognosis, and comparison with non-operative pyogenic spondylodiskitis. Clin Infect Dis 29(2):339\u2013345","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.08.007","volume":"38","author":"G Euba","year":"2008","unstructured":"Euba G et al (2008) Long-term clinical and radiological magnetic resonance imaging outcome of abscess-associated spontaneous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis under conservative management. Semin Arthritis Rheum 38(1):28\u201340","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"13","key":"2850_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200007010-00010","volume":"25","author":"AG Hadjipavlou","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hadjipavlou AG et al (2000) Hematogenous pyogenic spinal infections and their surgical management. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 25(13):1668\u20131679","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"2850_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000203448.44146.b1","volume":"444","author":"MR Lim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lim MR, Lee JY, Vaccaro AR (2006) Surgical infections in the traumatized spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res 444:114\u2013119","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2850_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B11.16294","volume":"87 (B)","author":"S Govender","year":"2005","unstructured":"Govender S (2005) Spinal infection. J Bone Joint Surg Br 87 (B):1454\u20131458","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)32045-9","volume":"27","author":"FL Sapico","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sapico FL (1996) Microbiology and antimicrobial therapy of spinal infections. Orthop Clin North Am 27(1):9\u201313","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"2850_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.56.12.709","volume":"56","author":"JD Colmenero","year":"1997","unstructured":"Colmenero JD et al (1997) Pyogenic, tuberculous, and brucellar vertebral osteomyelitis: a descriptive and comparative study of 219 cases. Ann Rheum Dis 56(12):709\u2013715","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2007.04.002","volume":"55","author":"T Turunc","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turunc T et al (2007) A comparative analysis of tuberculous, brucellar and pyogenic spontaneous spondylodiscitis patients. J Infect 55(2):158\u2013163","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2850_CR24","first-page":"373","volume":"134","author":"JF Ratcliffe","year":"1982","unstructured":"Ratcliffe JF (1982) An evaluation of the intra-osseous arterial anastomoses in the human vertebral body at different ages. Microarteriographic Study. J Anat 134(Pt 2):373\u2013382","journal-title":"Microarteriographic Study. J Anat"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR25","first-page":"137","volume":"26","author":"JF Ratcliffe","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ratcliffe JF (1985) Anatomic basis for the pathogenesis and radiologic features of vertebral osteomyelitis and its differentiation from childhood discitis. A microarteriographic investigation. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh) 26(2):137\u2013143","journal-title":"A microarteriographic investigation. Acta Radiol Diagn (Stockh)"},{"key":"2850_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.41B4.796","volume":"41-B","author":"AM Wiley","year":"1959","unstructured":"Wiley AM, Trueta J (1959) The vascular anatomy of the spine and its relationship to pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 41-B:796\u2013809","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2850_CR27","first-page":"iii11","volume":"65 Suppl 3","author":"T Gouliouris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gouliouris T, Aliyu SH, Brown NM (2010) Spondylodiscitis: update on diagnosis and management. J Antimicrob Chemother 65 Suppl 3:iii11\u2013iii24","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1086\/514529","volume":"25","author":"TJ Babinchak","year":"1997","unstructured":"Babinchak TJ, Riley DK, Rotheram EB Jr (1997) Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis of the posterior elements. Clin Infect Dis 25(2):221\u2013224","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"21","key":"2850_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1096","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181e04dd3","volume":"35","author":"CJ Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim CJ et al (2010) A comparative study of pyogenic and tuberculous spondylodiscitis. Spine (Phila Pa 197) 35(21):E1096\u2013E1100","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 197)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200204000-00004","volume":"15","author":"RC Schimmer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schimmer RC et al (2002) Osteomyelitis of the cervical spine: a potentially dramatic disease. J Spinal Disord Tech 15(2):110\u2013117","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"11","key":"2850_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.02.027","volume":"118","author":"C Pigrau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pigrau C et al (2005) Spontaneous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis and endocarditis: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Am J Med 118(11):1287","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011973","volume":"24","author":"M Turgut","year":"2001","unstructured":"Turgut M (2001) Spinal tuberculosis (Pott\u2019s disease): its clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcome. A survey study on 694 patients. Neurosurg Rev 24(1):8\u201313","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2850_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000206385.11684.d5","volume":"31","author":"MC Chang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chang MC et al (2006) Tuberculous spondylitis and pyogenic spondylitis: comparative magnetic resonance imaging features. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 31(7):782\u2013788","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.09.004","volume":"36","author":"F Roblot","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roblot F et al (2007) Optimal duration of antibiotic therapy in vertebral osteomyelitis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 36(5):269\u2013277","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"2850_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0910753","volume":"362","author":"W Zimmerli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zimmerli W (2010) Clinical practice. Vertebral osteomyelitis. N Engl J Med 362(11):1022\u20131029","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2850_CR36","first-page":"321","volume":"22","author":"E Garron","year":"2002","unstructured":"Garron E et al (2002) Nontuberculous spondylodiscitis in children. J Pediatr Orthop 22(3):321\u2013328","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"2850_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.6.1299","volume":"105","author":"M Fernandez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fernandez M, Carrol CL, Baker CJ (2000) Discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis in children: an 18-year review. Pediatrics 105(6):1299\u20131304","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B1.10865","volume":"83","author":"R Brown","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brown R et al (2001) Discitis in young children. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83(1):106\u2013111","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"18","key":"2850_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199709150-00005","volume":"22","author":"EJ Carragee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carragee EJ et al (1997) The clinical use of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 22(18):2089\u20132093","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2850_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110026566","volume":"33","author":"M Beronius","year":"2001","unstructured":"Beronius M, Bergman B, Andersson R (2001) Vertebral osteomyelitis in Goteborg, Sweden: a retrospective study of patients during 1990\u201395. Scand J Infect Dis 33(7):527\u2013532","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2850_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2004.17.6.4","volume":"17","author":"PC Hsieh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hsieh PC et al (2004) Surgical strategies for vertebral osteomyelitis and epidural abscess. Neurosurg Focus 17(6):E4","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.SPINE09403","volume":"13","author":"BU Kang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kang BU et al (2010) Surgical site infection in spinal surgery: detection and management based on serial C-reactive protein measurements. J Neurosurg Spine 13(2):158\u2013164","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e318181addd","volume":"14","author":"P Lillie","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lillie P et al (2008) Healthcare associated discitis in the era of antimicrobial resistance. J Clin Rheumatol 14(4):234\u2013237","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2850_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.Supplement_1.S97","volume":"23 Suppl 1","author":"EJ Goldstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goldstein EJ (1996) Anaerobic bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 23 Suppl 1:S97\u2013S101","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2850_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1086\/512197","volume":"44","author":"B Lassmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lassmann B et al (2007) Reemergence of anaerobic bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 44(7):895\u2013900","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670810016678","volume":"79","author":"EJ Karadimas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Karadimas EJ et al (2008) Spondylodiscitis. A retrospective study of 163 patients. Acta Orthop 79(5):650\u2013659","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2850_CR47","first-page":"26","volume":"16","author":"A Gasbarrini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gasbarrini A et al (2012) Biopsy for suspected spondylodiscitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16(Suppl 2):26\u201334","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1388-2","volume":"36","author":"PM Fucs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fucs PM, Meves R, Yamada HH (2012) Spinal infections in children: a review. Int Orthop 36(2):387\u2013395","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"2850_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2003.012658","volume":"57","author":"VC Cheng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheng VC et al (2004) Clinical evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. J Clin Pathol 57(3):281\u2013285","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.10.SPINE093","volume":"12","author":"R Kumar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kumar R, Das RK, Mahapatra AK (2010) Role of interferon gamma release assay in the diagnosis of Pott disease. J Neurosurg Spine 12(5):462\u2013466","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2850_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-1051-5","volume":"28","author":"EM Lucas de","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Lucas EM et al (2009) CT-guided fine-needle aspiration in vertebral osteomyelitis: true usefulness of a common practice. Clin Rheumatol 28(3):315\u2013320","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"948","key":"2850_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2003.017863","volume":"80","author":"JJ Rankine","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rankine JJ et al (2004) Therapeutic impact of percutaneous spinal biopsy in spinal infection. Postgrad Med J 80(948):607\u2013609","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.0109","volume":"186","author":"SC Michel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Michel SC et al (2006) CT-guided core biopsy of subchondral bone and intervertebral space in suspected spondylodiskitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 186(4):977\u2013980","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283032030","volume":"20","author":"F Fenollar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fenollar F, Levy PY, Raoult D (2008) Usefulness of broad-range PCR for the diagnosis of osteoarticular infections. Curr Opin Rheumatol 20(4):463\u2013470","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2850_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540802119994","volume":"40","author":"K Fuursted","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fuursted K et al (2008) Broad-range PCR as a supplement to culture for detection of bacterial pathogens in patients with a clinically diagnosed spinal infection. Scand J Infect Dis 40(10):772\u2013777","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2850_CR56","first-page":"73","volume":"16","author":"G Delogu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Delogu G, Zumbo A, Fadda G (2012) Microbiological and immunological diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16(Suppl 2):73\u201378","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2850_CR57","first-page":"E43","volume":"14","author":"V Jevtic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jevtic V (2004) Vertebral infection. Eur Radiol 14(Suppl 3):E43\u2013E52","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2282020752","volume":"228","author":"HP Ledermann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ledermann HP et al (2003) MR imaging findings in spinal infections: rules or myths? Radiology 228(2):506\u2013514","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.157.1.3875878","volume":"157","author":"MT Modic","year":"1985","unstructured":"Modic MT et al (1985) Vertebral osteomyelitis: assessment using MR. Radiology 157(1):157\u2013166","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2850_CR60","first-page":"8","volume":"16","author":"A Leone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leone A et al (2012) Imaging of spondylodiscitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16(Suppl 2):8\u201319","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2012.04.001","volume":"50","author":"FE Diehn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Diehn FE (2012) Imaging of spine infection. Radiol Clin North Am 50(4):777\u2013798","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2850_CR62","first-page":"769753","volume":"2011","author":"LM Shah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shah LM, Salzman KL (2011) Imaging of spinal metastatic disease. Int J Surg Oncol 2011:769753","journal-title":"Int J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.93688","volume":"46","author":"CM Anley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Anley CM, Brandt AD, Dunn R (2012) Magnetic resonance imaging findings in spinal tuberculosis: comparison of HIV positive and negative patients. Indian J Orthop 46(2):186\u2013190","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR64","first-page":"693","volume":"28","author":"TJ Kowalski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kowalski TJ et al (2007) Follow-up MR imaging in patients with pyogenic spine infections: lack of correlation with clinical features. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28(4):693\u2013699","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2850_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199704010-00015","volume":"22","author":"EJ Carragee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carragee EJ (1997) The clinical use of magnetic resonance imaging in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 22(7):780\u2013785","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"10","key":"2850_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-006-0098-2","volume":"33","author":"F Gemmel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gemmel F, Dumarey N, Palestro CJ (2006) Radionuclide imaging of spinal infections. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 33(10):1226\u20131237","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1251-y","volume":"19","author":"F Gemmel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gemmel F et al (2010) Expanding role of 18F-fluoro-d-deoxyglucose PET and PET\/CT in spinal infections. Eur Spine J 19(4):540\u2013551","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W919","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.6786","volume":"197","author":"JW Kwon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kwon JW et al (2011) MRI findings of Aspergillus spondylitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 197(5):W919\u2013W923","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2850_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2011.02.016","volume":"66","author":"S Currie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Currie S et al (2011) MRI characteristics of tuberculous spondylitis. Clin Radiol 66(8):778\u2013787","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2005.12.002","volume":"58","author":"SL James","year":"2006","unstructured":"James SL, Davies AM (2006) Imaging of infectious spinal disorders in children and adults. Eur J Radiol 58(1):27\u201340","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1425-1","volume":"36","author":"K Zarghooni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zarghooni K et al (2012) Treatment of spondylodiscitis. Int Orthop 36(2):405\u2013411","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"2850_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.06.011","volume":"59","author":"G Thwaites","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thwaites G et al (2009) British infection society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis of the central nervous system in adults and children. J Infect 59(3):167\u2013187","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050014","volume":"9","author":"A Ooij van","year":"2000","unstructured":"van Ooij A et al (2000) Surgical treatment of aspergillus spondylodiscitis. Eur Spine J 9(1):75\u201379","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(01)00681-4","volume":"57","author":"JA Friedman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Friedman JA et al (2002) Spontaneous disc space infections in adults. Surg Neurol 57(2):81\u201386","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2850_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh191","volume":"53","author":"ES Darley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Darley ES, MacGowan AP (2004) Antibiotic treatment of gram-positive bone and joint infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 53(6):928\u2013935","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"2850_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1086\/340102","volume":"34","author":"MC McHenry","year":"2002","unstructured":"McHenry MC, Easley KA, Locker GA (2002) Vertebral osteomyelitis: long-term outcome for 253 patients from 7 Cleveland-area hospitals. Clin Infect Dis 34(10):1342\u20131350","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.29492","volume":"31","author":"JM Nolla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nolla JM et al (2002) Spontaneous pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis in nondrug users. Semin Arthritis Rheum 31(4):271\u2013278","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/15.1.28","volume":"15","author":"AS Baker","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baker AS, RG OJ, Baker RA (1992) To decompress or not to decompress\u2013spinal epidural abscess. Clin Infect Dis 15(1):28\u201329","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2850_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0251-4","volume":"16","author":"WH Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen WH, Jiang LS, Dai LY (2007) Surgical treatment of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis with spinal instrumentation. Eur Spine J 16(9):1307\u20131316","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"19","key":"2850_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra055111","volume":"355","author":"RO Darouiche","year":"2006","unstructured":"Darouiche RO (2006) Spinal epidural abscess. N Engl J Med 355(19):2012\u20132020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1659-4","volume":"20","author":"M Yoshimoto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yoshimoto M et al (2011) Pyogenic spondylitis in the elderly: a report from Japan with the most aging society. Eur Spine J 20(4):649\u2013654","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2850_CR82","first-page":"79","volume":"16","author":"E Pola","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pola E et al (2012) Surgical treatment of tuberculous spondylodiscitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 16(Suppl 2):79\u201385","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0140-9","volume":"31","author":"O Linhardt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Linhardt O et al (2007) Long-term results of ventro-dorsal versus ventral instrumentation fusion in the treatment of spondylitis. Int Orthop 31(1):113\u2013119","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1089\/109629603322761445","volume":"4","author":"C Schinkel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schinkel C, Gottwald M, Andress HJ (2003) Surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 4(4):387\u2013391","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2850_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E227","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200406010-00023","volume":"29","author":"T Muckley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Muckley T et al (2004) The role of thoracoscopic spinal surgery in the management of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29(11):E227\u2013E233","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2850_CR86","first-page":"765","volume":"88","author":"JS Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee JS, Suh KT (2006) Posterior lumbar interbody fusion with an autogenous iliac crest bone graft in the treatment of pyogenic spondylodiscitis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 88(6):765\u2013770","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"9","key":"2850_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-012-1548-x","volume":"132","author":"HQ Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang HQ et al (2012) Two-stage surgical management using posterior instrumentation, anterior debridement and allografting for tuberculosis of the lower lumbar spine in children of elementary school age: minimum 3-year follow-up of 14 patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 132(9):1273\u20131279","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E30","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31821bfdb2","volume":"37","author":"M Shousha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shousha M, Boehm H (2012) Surgical treatment of cervical spondylodiscitis: a review of 30 consecutive patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 37(1):E30\u2013E36","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2850_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-010-1209-x","volume":"131","author":"T Masuda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Masuda T et al (2011) Comparative study on the efficacy of two-staged (posterior followed by anterior) surgical treatment using spinal instrumentation on pyogenic and tuberculotic spondylitis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 131(6):765\u2013772","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1537-0","volume":"20","author":"W Koptan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koptan W, Elmiligui Y, Elsharkawi M (2011) Single stage anterior reconstruction using titanium mesh cages in neglected kyphotic tuberculous spondylodiscitis of the cervical spine. Eur Spine J 20(2):308\u2013313","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"2850_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1481-z","volume":"19","author":"E Erturer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Erturer E et al (2010) The results of simultaneous posterior-anterior-posterior surgery in multilevel tuberculosis spondylitis associated with severe kyphosis. Eur Spine J 19(12):2209\u20132215","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"12","key":"2850_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1501-z","volume":"19","author":"LH Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen LH et al (2010) Surgical treatment of infectious spondylitis in patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. Eur Spine J 19(12):2223\u20132228","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2850_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1448-0","volume":"19","author":"RG Hempelmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hempelmann RG, Mater E, Schon R (2010) Septic hematogenous lumbar spondylodiscitis in elderly patients with multiple risk factors: efficacy of posterior stabilization and interbody fusion with iliac crest bone graft. Eur Spine J 19(10):1720\u20131727","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31819a870f","volume":"23","author":"A Hirakawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hirakawa A et al (2010) Surgical outcome of 2-stage (posterior and anterior) surgical treatment using spinal instrumentation for tuberculous spondylitis. J Spinal Disord Tech 23(2):133\u2013138","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.5.SPINE08331","volume":"11","author":"Y Okada","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okada Y et al (2009) Clinical and radiological outcome of surgery for pyogenic and tuberculous spondylitis: comparisons of surgical techniques and disease types. J Neurosurg Spine 11(5):620\u2013627","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e31818859d0","volume":"22","author":"GR Zaveri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zaveri GR, Mehta SS (2009) Surgical treatment of lumbar tuberculous spondylodiscitis by transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and posterior instrumentation. J Spinal Disord Tech 22(4):257\u2013262","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000336332.11957.0B","volume":"64","author":"DC Lu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lu DC, Wang V, Chou D (2009) The use of allograft or autograft and expandable titanium cages for the treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis. Neurosurgery 64(1):122\u2013129 Discussion 129\u201330","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670810016687","volume":"79","author":"Y Robinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robinson Y et al (2008) Successful treatment of spondylodiscitis using titanium cages: a 3-year follow-up of 22 consecutive patients. Acta Orthop 79(5):660\u2013664","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3171\/SPI\/2008\/8\/5\/405","volume":"8","author":"YH Pee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pee YH et al (2008) Anterior debridement and fusion followed by posterior pedicle screw fixation in pyogenic spondylodiscitis: autologous iliac bone strut versus cage. J Neurosurg Spine 8(5):405\u2013412","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"issue":"21","key":"2850_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E759","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318187875e","volume":"33","author":"P Korovessis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Korovessis P et al (2008) Beneficial influence of titanium mesh cage on infection healing and spinal reconstruction in hematogenous septic spondylitis: a retrospective analysis of surgical outcome of twenty-five consecutive cases and review of literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 33(21):E759\u2013E767","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/00024720-200204000-00010","volume":"15","author":"HT Hee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hee HT et al (2002) Better treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis using posterior stabilization and titanium mesh cages. J Spinal Disord Tech 15(2):149\u2013156 Discussion 156","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech"},{"issue":"6","key":"2850_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0614-z","volume":"12","author":"U Liljenqvist","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liljenqvist U et al (2003) Titanium cages in the surgical treatment of severe vertebral osteomyelitis. Eur Spine J 12(6):606\u2013612","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2850_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20120919-11","volume":"35","author":"P Korovessis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Korovessis P, Repantis T, Hadjipavlou AG (2012) Hematogenous pyogenic spinal infection: current perceptions. Orthopedics 35(10):885\u2013892","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"2850_CR104","first-page":"8","volume":"93","author":"JM Schuster","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schuster JM et al (2000) Use of structural allografts in spinal osteomyelitis: a review of 47 cases. J Neurosurg 93(1 Suppl):8\u201314","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2850_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000109410.46538.74","volume":"29","author":"JR Dimar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dimar JR et al (2004) Treatment of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis with anterior debridement and fusion followed by delayed posterior spinal fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 29(3):326\u2013332 Discussion 332","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2850_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1046-1","volume":"18","author":"JA Rihn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rihn JA et al (2009) The use of RhBMP-2 in single-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a clinical and radiographic analysis. Eur Spine J 18(11):1629\u20131636","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E132","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181657ee3","volume":"33","author":"BA O\u2019Shaughnessy","year":"2008","unstructured":"O\u2019Shaughnessy BA, Kuklo TR, Ondra SL (2008) Surgical treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 33(5):E132\u2013E139","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"26","key":"2850_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2996","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31815cde3e","volume":"32","author":"RT Allen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Allen RT et al (2007) Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the treatment of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 32(26):2996\u20133006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0661-5","volume":"13","author":"D Jin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jin D et al (2004) One-stage anterior interbody autografting and instrumentation in primary surgical management of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis. Eur Spine J 13(2):114\u2013121","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"13","key":"2850_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199310000-00028","volume":"18","author":"M Oga","year":"1993","unstructured":"Oga M et al (1993) Evaluation of the risk of instrumentation as a foreign body in spinal tuberculosis. Clinical and biologic study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 18(13):1890\u20131894","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-002-0403-0","volume":"12","author":"IT Benli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Benli IT et al (2003) Anterior radical debridement and anterior instrumentation in tuberculosis spondylitis. Eur Spine J 12(2):224\u2013234","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2850_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199909000-00007","volume":"81","author":"C Yilmaz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yilmaz C et al (1999) Anterior instrumentation for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81(9):1261\u20131267","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(02)00020-3","volume":"104","author":"CH Lu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lu CH et al (2002) Adult spinal epidural abscess: clinical features and prognostic factors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 104(4):306\u2013310","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR114","first-page":"107","volume":"20","author":"SH Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen SH et al (2011) The clinical characteristics, therapeutic outcome, and prognostic factors of non-tuberculous bacterial spinal epidural abscess in adults: a hospital-based study. Acta Neurol Taiwan 20(2):107\u2013113","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Taiwan"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR115","first-page":"958","volume":"39","author":"RK Khanna","year":"1996","unstructured":"Khanna RK et al (1996) Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation of factors influencing outcome. Neurosurgery 39(5):958\u2013964","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"2850_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2011.12.006","volume":"114","author":"PY Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang PY et al (2012) Spinal epidural abscess in adults caused by Staphylococcus aureus: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 114(6):572\u2013576","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1053\/jinf.2002.1013","volume":"45","author":"HJ Tang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tang HJ et al (2002) Spinal epidural abscess\u2013experience with 46 patients and evaluation of prognostic factors. J Infect 45(2):76\u201381","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"2850_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2009.03.010","volume":"20","author":"JJ Gonzalez-Lopez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Lopez JJ et al (2009) Spontaneous epidural abscess: analysis of 15 cases with emphasis on diagnostic and prognostic factors. Eur J Intern Med 20(5):514\u2013517","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200207000-00013","volume":"51","author":"M Soehle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Soehle M, Wallenfang T (2002) Spinal epidural abscesses: clinical manifestations, prognostic factors, and outcomes. Neurosurgery 51(1):79\u201385 Discussion 86\u20137","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"2850_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00011954","volume":"23","author":"E Reihsaus","year":"2000","unstructured":"Reihsaus E, Waldbaur H, Seeling W (2000) Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients. Neurosurg Rev 23(4):175\u2013204 Discussion 205","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2850_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1004547","volume":"51","author":"A Bostrom","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bostrom A et al (2008) Treatment strategies and outcome in patients with non-tuberculous spinal epidural abscess\u2013a review of 46 cases. Minim Invasive Neurosurg 51(1):36\u201342","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2850_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-3019(99)00055-5","volume":"52","author":"D Rigamonti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rigamonti D et al (1999) Spinal epidural abscess: contemporary trends in etiology, evaluation, and management. Surg Neurol 52(2):189\u2013196 Discussion 197","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"}],"container-title":["European Spine Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-013-2850-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00586-013-2850-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00586-013-2850-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,24]],"date-time":"2022-02-24T21:03:10Z","timestamp":1645736590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00586-013-2850-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]]},"references-count":122,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-013-2850-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0940-6719","1432-0932"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0940-6719","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0932","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,12]]}}}