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Cross-sectional, longitudinal cohort or case\u2013control studies that evaluated the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers collected from blood samples and low back pain in humans were considered eligible for inclusion, as well as prospective and retrospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The systematic database search resulted in a total of 4016 records, of which 15 articles were included for synthesis. Sample size comprised a total of 14,555 patients with LBP (acute LBP (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092073); chronic LBP (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912482)) and 494 controls. Most studies found a positive correlation between classic pro-inflammatory biomarkers and NsLBP, namely C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and IL-1\u03b2, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1). On the other hand, anti-inflammatory biomarker interleukin 10 (IL-10) demonstrated a negative association with NsLBP. Four studies have made direct comparisons between ALBP and CLBP groups regarding their inflammatory biomarkers profile.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This systematic review found evidence of increased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers CRP, IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory biomarker IL-10 in patients with LBP. Hs-CRP was not correlated with LBP. There is insufficient evidence to associate these findings with the degree of pain severity or the activity status of the lumbar pain over time.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07717-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T11:02:07Z","timestamp":1684321327000},"page":"3230-3244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["The importance of inflammatory biomarkers in non-specific acute and chronic low back pain: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4036-7478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo Moreira","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2656-8935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Rocha","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9585-4946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6854-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10053","key":"7717_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)31678-6","volume":"388","author":"Collaborators GDaIIaP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collaborators GDaIIaP (2016) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. 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