{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:33:42Z","timestamp":1777494822912,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-021-03103-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T03:43:16Z","timestamp":1630381396000},"page":"1291-1299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Risk factors for cage subsidence and clinical outcomes after transforaminal and posterior lumbar interbody fusion"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1880-9417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Amorim-Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Catelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Rodrigues-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"3103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E556","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000181053.38677.c2","volume":"30","author":"RD Labrom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Labrom RD, Tan JS, Reilly CW, Tredwell SJ, Fisher CG, Oxland TR (2005) The effect of interbody cage positioning on lumbosacral vertebral endplate failure in compression. Spine 30(19):E556\u2013E561. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000181053.38677.c2","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"3103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/s1529-9430(03)00145-1","volume":"3","author":"M Schiffman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schiffman M, Brau SA, Henderson R, Gimmestad G (2003) Bilateral implantation of low-profile interbody fusion cages: subsidence, lordosis, and fusion analysis. Spine J 3(5):377\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1529-9430(03)00145-1","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"11","key":"3103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1036-3","volume":"18","author":"A Abbushi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abbushi A, Cabraja M, Thomale UW, Woiciechowsky C, Kroppenstedt SN (2009) The influence of cage positioning and cage type on cage migration and fusion rates in patients with monosegmental posterior lumbar interbody fusion and posterior fixation. Eur Spine J 18(11):1621\u20131628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-009-1036-3","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"3103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200104150-00012","volume":"26","author":"JP Grant","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grant JP, Oxland TR, Dvorak MF (2001) Mapping the structural properties of the lumbosacral vertebral endplates. Spine 26(8):889\u2013896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200104150-00012","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"3103_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050043","volume":"7","author":"B Jost","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jost B, Cripton PA, Lund T et al (1998) Compressive strength of interbody cages in the lumbar spine: the effect of cage shape, posterior instrumentation and bone density. Eur Spine J 7(2):132\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s005860050043","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"3103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.02.005","volume":"9","author":"CP Dipaola","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dipaola CP, Bible JE, Biswas D, Dipaola M, Grauer JN, Rechtine GR (2009) Survey of spine surgeons on attitudes regarding osteoporosis and osteomalacia screening and treatment for fractures, fusion surgery, and pseudoarthrosis. Spine J 9(7):537\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2009.02.005","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"11","key":"3103_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00160","volume":"93","author":"JJ Schreiber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schreiber JJ, Anderson PA, Rosas HG, Buchholz AL, Au AG (2011) Hounsfield units for assessing bone mineral density and strength: a tool for osteoporosis management. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93(11):1057\u20131063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.J.00160","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"3103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2013.54.5.384","volume":"54","author":"S Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee S, Chung CK, Oh SH, Park SB (2013) Correlation between Bone Mineral Density Measured by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Hounsfield Units Measured by Diagnostic CT in Lumbar Spine. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 54(5):384\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3340\/jkns.2013.54.5.384","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"3103_CR9","unstructured":"Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1994;843:1\u2013129."},{"issue":"7","key":"3103_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-016-2821-5","volume":"158","author":"MK Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi MK, Kim SM, Lim JK (2016) Diagnostic efficacy of Hounsfield units in spine CT for the assessment of real bone mineral density of degenerative spine: correlation study between T-scores determined by DEXA scan and Hounsfield units from CT. Acta Neurochir 158(7):1421\u20131427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-016-2821-5","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"issue":"4","key":"3103_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E239","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002813","volume":"44","author":"Q Zaidi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaidi Q, Danisa OA, Cheng W (2019) Measurement techniques and utility of hounsfield unit values for assessment of bone quality prior to spinal instrumentation: a review of current literature. Spine 44(4):E239\u2013E244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000002813","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"3103_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2016.10.028","volume":"14","author":"TL Siu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Siu TL, Najafi E, Lin K (2017) A radiographic analysis of cage positioning in lateral transpsoas lumbar interbody fusion. J Orthop 14(1):142\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jor.2016.10.028","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"3103_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.4.SPINE12319","volume":"19","author":"L Marchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marchi L, Abdala N, Oliveira L, Amaral R, Coutinho E, Pimenta L (2013) Radiographic and clinical evaluation of cage subsidence after stand-alone lateral interbody fusion. J Neurosurg Spine 19(1):110\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2013.4.SPINE12319","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"3103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tokuhashi Y, Ajiro Y, Umezawa N. Subsidence of metal interbody cage after posterior lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw fixation. Orthopedics. 2009;32(4)","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20090401-18"},{"issue":"3","key":"3103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.08.007","volume":"19","author":"MK Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park MK, Kim KT, Bang WS et al (2019) Risk factors for cage migration and cage retropulsion following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Spine J 19(3):437\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.08.007","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"3103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1130","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000490","volume":"30","author":"J Mi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mi J, Li K, Zhao X, Zhao CQ, Li H, Zhao J (2017) Vertebral body hounsfield units are associated with cage subsidence after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with unilateral pedicle screw fixation. Clin Spine Surg 30(8):E1130\u2013E1136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000490","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"3103_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1578804","volume":"6","author":"PM Formby","year":"2016","unstructured":"Formby PM, Kang DG, Helgeson MD, Wagner SC (2016) Clinical and radiographic outcomes of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in patients with osteoporosis. Global Spine J 6(7):660\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1578804","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3103_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.80b2.7693","volume":"80","author":"T Lund","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lund T, Oxland TR, Jost B et al (1998) Interbody cage stabilisation in the lumbar spine: biomechanical evaluation of cage design, posterior instrumentation and bone density. J Bone Joint Surg Br 80(2):351\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.80b2.7693","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"3103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-002-0505-8","volume":"12","author":"A Polikeit","year":"2003","unstructured":"Polikeit A, Ferguson SJ, Nolte LP, Orr TE (2003) Factors influencing stresses in the lumbar spine after the insertion of intervertebral cages: finite element analysis. Eur Spine J 12(4):413\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-002-0505-8","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"10","key":"3103_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2012.05.017","volume":"19","author":"WL Tay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tay WL, Chui CK, Ong SH, Ng AC (2012) Osteoporosis screening using areal bone mineral density estimation from diagnostic CT images. Acad Radiol 19(10):1273\u20131282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2012.05.017","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900258","volume":"60","author":"T Rand","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rand T, Seidl G, Kainberger F et al (1997) Impact of spinal degenerative changes on the evaluation of bone mineral density with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Calcif Tissue Int 60(5):430\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002239900258","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"3103_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/bf00298608","volume":"56","author":"H Franck","year":"1995","unstructured":"Franck H, Munz M, Scherrer M (1995) Evaluation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry bone mineral measurement\u2013comparison of a single-beam and fan-beam design: the effect of osteophytic calcification on spine bone mineral density. Calcif Tissue Int 56(3):192\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf00298608","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"3103_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000155421.07796.7f","volume":"30","author":"KS Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim KS, Yang TK, Lee JC (2005) Radiological changes in the bone fusion site after posterior lumbar interbody fusion using carbon cages impacted with laminar bone chips: follow-up study over more than 4 years. Spine 30(6):655\u2013660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.brs.0000155421.07796.7f","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"3103_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.114","volume":"101","author":"N Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee N, Kim KN, Yi S et al (2017) Comparison of outcomes of anterior, posterior, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery at a single lumbar level with degenerative spinal disease. World Neurosurg 101:216\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.114","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"3103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Penta M, Fraser RD. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion. A minimum 10-year follow-up. Spine 1997;22(20):2429\u20132434. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199710150-00021","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199710150-00021"},{"issue":"1","key":"3103_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0817-y","volume":"15","author":"JY Choi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Choi JY, Sung KH (2006) Subsidence after anterior lumbar interbody fusion using paired stand-alone rectangular cages. Eur Spine J 15(1):16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-004-0817-y","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3103_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860050042","volume":"7","author":"U Liljenqvist","year":"1998","unstructured":"Liljenqvist U, O\u2019Brien JP, Renton P (1998) Simultaneous combined anterior and posterior lumbar fusion with femoral cortical allograft. Eur Spine J 7(2):125\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s005860050042","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"11","key":"3103_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.06.018","volume":"17","author":"SL de Kunder","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Kunder SL, van Kuijk SMJ, Rijkers K et al (2017) Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in lumbar spondylolisthesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Spine J 17(11):1712\u20131721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.06.018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"3103_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200001010-00008","volume":"25","author":"JC Goh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goh JC, Wong HK, Thambyah A, Yu CS (2000) Influence of PLIF cage size on lumbar spine stability. Spine 25(1):35\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-200001010-00008","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"3103_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860000239","volume":"10","author":"MN Kumar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kumar MN, Baklanov A, Chopin D (2001) Correlation between sagittal plane changes and adjacent segment degeneration following lumbar spine fusion. Eur Spine J 10(4):314\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s005860000239","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"3103_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuslich SD, Ulstrom CL, Griffith SL, Ahern JW, Dowdle JD. The Bagby and Kuslich method of lumbar interbody fusion. History, techniques, and 2-year follow-up results of a United States prospective, multicenter trial. Spine 1998;23(11):1267\u20131278 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00007632-199806010-00019","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199806010-00019"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery &amp; Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-021-03103-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00590-021-03103-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00590-021-03103-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T17:03:41Z","timestamp":1661965421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00590-021-03103-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-021-03103-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-1068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-1068","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the hospital and the study is in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients gave informed consent to participate.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors authorize the publication of the present work.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}