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One to three species of <jats:italic>Laurus<\/jats:italic> has been recognized: the Azorean endemic <jats:italic>Laurus azorica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>L. nobilis<\/jats:italic> from the Mediterranean, and <jats:italic>L. novocanariensis<\/jats:italic> from Madeira and the Canary Islands. This study aims to determine the population structure, genetic diversity, and associated patterns of gene flow within and between Azorean populations, using eight existing SSR markers. We also included plant material from <jats:italic>L. nobilis<\/jats:italic> populations found in the Azores, for comparison. Amplification was performed in 212 samples of <jats:italic>L. azorica<\/jats:italic> and in 30 samples of <jats:italic>L. nobilis<\/jats:italic>. For <jats:italic>L. azorica<\/jats:italic>, 78 alleles were amplified (average 9.75 alleles per loci). Bayesian analysis with STRUCTURE unveiled five genetic groups for the Azorean accessions, with high level of genetic admixture. Genetic diversity was generally high, with moderate levels of genetic differentiation among <jats:italic>L. azorica<\/jats:italic> populations. Moreover, high gene flow levels, likely mediated by past human translocations and naturally, by birds, might have contributed to the high level of genetic admixture observed possibly reflecting hybridization events between <jats:italic>L. nobilis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. azorica<\/jats:italic>. Conservation measures should be applied to some populations of S\u00e3o Miguel, Santa Maria, and Flores Islands, based on the number of private alleles, and further, ad hoc translocation events should be avoided. Conservation in situ and the preservation of laurel forest remains are recommended. The study of this species\u2019 taxonomy, genetics, and population dynamics in the Macaronesian region should be continued.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00606-023-01888-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T14:02:22Z","timestamp":1705413742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microsatellites reveal high levels of genetic admixture in the natural populations of Laurus azorica, Lauraceae"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"310","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7893-6525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00faben M. 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