{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:50:06Z","timestamp":1778255406984,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008382","name":"Fundo Regional para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024539"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024539"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-020-00896-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T17:04:48Z","timestamp":1610989488000},"page":"993-1023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":185,"title":["Edge computing: current trends, research challenges and future directions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7095-5003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vasco","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Bernardino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2750180","volume":"5","author":"N Abbas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abbas N, Zhang Y, Taherkordi A, Skeie T (2017) Mobile edge computing: a survey. IEEE Internet Things J 5(1):450\u2013465","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"896_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed A, Ahmed E (2016) A survey on mobile edge computing. In: 10th international conference on intelligent systems and control (ISCO\u201916). pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCO.2016.7727082"},{"issue":"s2","key":"896_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-016-0515-2","volume":"8","author":"R Aldmour","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aldmour R, Yousef S, Yaghi M, Tapaswi S, Pattanaik KK, Cole M (2017) New cloud offloading algorithm for better energy consumption and process time. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 8(s2):730\u2013733","journal-title":"Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag"},{"key":"896_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayad M, Taher M, Salem A (2014) Real-time mobile cloud computing: a case study in face recognition. In: 28th International conference on advanced information networking and applications workshops. pp 73\u201378","DOI":"10.1109\/WAINA.2014.22"},{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5383\/JUSPN.13.01.002","volume":"13","author":"E Badidi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Badidi E (2020) Qos-aware placement of tasks on a fog cluster in an edge computing environment. J Ubiquitous Syst Pervasive Netw 13(1):11\u201319","journal-title":"J Ubiquitous Syst Pervasive Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1145\/3362068","volume":"63","author":"S Bagchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagchi S, Siddiqui MB, Wood P, Zhang H (2020) Dependability in edge computing. Commun ACM 63(1):58\u201366","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"02","key":"896_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"07","author":"A Baktayan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baktayan A, AlGabri M, Alhomdy S (2018) Fog computing for network slicing in 5G networks: an overview. J Telecom Syst Manag 07(02):1\u201318","journal-title":"J Telecom Syst Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"896_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2717482","volume":"19","author":"AC Baktir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baktir AC, Ozgovde A, Ersoy C (2017) How can edge computing benefit from software-defined networking: a survey, use cases, and future directions. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 19(4):2359\u20132391","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"issue":"6","key":"896_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2014.2334709","volume":"31","author":"S Barbarossa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barbarossa S, Sardellitti S, Di Lorenzo P (2014) Communicating while computing: distributed mobile cloud computing over 5G heterogeneous networks. IEEE Signal Process Mag 31(6):45\u201355","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag"},{"key":"896_CR10","unstructured":"Beck MT, Werner M, Feld S, Schimper T (2014) Mobile edge computing: a taxonomy. In: 6th International conference on advances in future internet, (AFIN). pp 48\u201354"},{"key":"896_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2017.10.002","volume":"130","author":"K Bilal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bilal K, Khalid O, Erbad A, Khan SU (2018) Potentials, trends, and prospects in edge technologies: fog, cloudlet, mobile edge, and micro data centers. Comput Netw 130:94\u2013120","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"key":"896_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bdr.2018.07.001","volume":"17","author":"F Billah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Billah F, Adnan M (2019) Smartlet: a dynamic architecture for real time face recognition in smartphone using cloudlets and cloud. Big Data Res 17:45\u201355","journal-title":"Big Data Res"},{"key":"896_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79764","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2988579","volume":"8","author":"U Bodkhe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bodkhe U, Tanwar S, Parekh K, Khanpara P, Tyagi S, Kumar N, Alazab M (2020) Blockchain for industry 4.0: a comprehensive review. IEEE Access 8:79764\u201379800","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"896_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-05029-4_7","volume":"546","author":"F Bonomi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bonomi F, Milito R, Natarajan P, Zhu J (2014) Fog computing: a platform for internet of things and analytics. Big Data Internet Things Roadmap Smart Environ 546:169\u2013186","journal-title":"Big Data Internet Things Roadmap Smart Environ"},{"key":"896_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bonomi F, Milito R, Zhu J, Addepalli S (2012) Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. In: Proceedings of the First Edition of the MCC workshop on mobile cloud computing. Association for Computing Machinery, Helsinki, Finland, pp 13\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2342509.2342513","DOI":"10.1145\/2342509.2342513"},{"issue":"December","key":"896_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2016.12.003","volume":"39","author":"J Bou Abdo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bou Abdo J, Demerjian J (2017) Evaluation of mobile cloud architectures. Pervasive Mobile Comput 39(December):284\u2013303","journal-title":"Pervasive Mobile Comput"},{"issue":"7","key":"896_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6201","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2968951","volume":"7","author":"Z Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao Z, Zhou P, Li R, Huang S, Wu D (2020) Multiagent deep reinforcement learning for joint multichannel access and task offloading of mobile-edge computing in industry 4.0. IEEE Internet Things J 7(7):6201\u20136213","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"896_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carvalho G, Cabral B, Pereira V, Bernardino J (2019) A case for machine learning in edge-oriented computing to enhance mobility as a service. In: 15th International conference on distributed computing in sensor systems, (DCOSS\u201919). pp 530\u2013537","DOI":"10.1109\/DCOSS.2019.00101"},{"issue":"29","key":"896_CR19","first-page":"99","volume":"10","author":"B Chanakya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chanakya B, Kiran PS (2017) A comprehensive survey of fog computing with internet of everything (IoE). Int J Control Theory Appl 10(29):99\u2013106","journal-title":"Int J Control Theory Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"896_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1504\/IJCC.2019.104496","volume":"8","author":"A Chandavale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chandavale A, Gade A, Dixit A (2019) Medical knowledge extraction scheme for cloudlet-based healthcare system to avoid malicious attacks. Int J Cloud Comput 8(4):319\u2013331","journal-title":"Int J Cloud Comput"},{"issue":"8","key":"896_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-018-2412-8","volume":"74","author":"L Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen L, Wu J, Zhou G, Ma L (2018) QUICK: qos-guaranteed efficient cloudlet placement in wireless metropolitan area networks. J Supercomput 74(8):4037\u20134059","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"896_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen N, Chen Y, You Y, Ling H, Liang P, Zimmermann R (2016) Dynamic urban surveillance video stream processing using fog computing. In: Proceedings\u2014016 IEEE 2nd international conference on multimedia big data, BigMM 2016. pp 105\u2013112","DOI":"10.1109\/BigMM.2016.53"},{"key":"896_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang M, Ha S, I, CL, Risso, F, Zhang T, (2017) Clarifying fog computing and networking: 10 questions and answers. IEEE Commun Mag 55:18\u201320","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.7901470"},{"issue":"6","key":"896_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2584538","volume":"3","author":"M Chiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chiang M, Zhang T (2016) Fog and IoT: an overview of research opportunities. IEEE Internet Things J 3(6):854\u2013864","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"896_CR25","unstructured":"Consortium O (2017) OpenFog reference architecture for fog computing. Technical report"},{"key":"896_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dastjerdi A, Gupta H, Calheiros R, Ghosh S, Buyya R (2016) Chapter-4 fog computing: principles, architectures, and applications. In: Internet of things. pp 61\u201375","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805395-9.00004-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2012.6122545","volume":"50","author":"D Datla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Datla D, Chen X, Tsou T, Raghunandan S, Hasan SM, Reed JH, Dietrich CB, Bose T, Fette B, Kim JH (2012) Wireless distributed computing: a survey of research challenges. IEEE Commun Mag 50(1):144\u2013152","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"896_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis A, Parikh J, Weihl WE (2004) Edgecomputing: extending enterprise applications to the edge of the internet. In: Proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web conference on Alternate track papers and posters. pp 180\u2013187","DOI":"10.1145\/1013367.1013397"},{"issue":"4","key":"896_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07144-1","volume":"112","author":"D De","year":"2020","unstructured":"De D, Mukherjee A, Roy DG (2020) Power and delay efficient multilevel offloading strategies for mobile cloud computing. Wirel Pers Commun 112(4):2159\u20132186","journal-title":"Wirel Pers Commun"},{"key":"896_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.1203","volume":"13","author":"HT Dinh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dinh HT, Lee C, Niyato D, Wang P (2013) A survey of MCC: architecture, applications, and approaches. Wirel Commun Mobile Comput 13:1587\u20131611","journal-title":"Wirel Commun Mobile Comput"},{"key":"896_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dolezal J, Becvar Z, Zeman T (2016) Performance evaluation of computation offloading from mobile device to the edge of mobile network. In: 2016 IEEE conference on standards for communications and networking, CSCN 2016. pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCN.2016.7785153"},{"key":"896_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000089","volume":"34","author":"Q Duan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duan Q, Wang S, Ansari N (2020) Convergence of networking and cloud\/edge computing: status, challenges, and opportunities. IEEE Netw 34:1\u20138","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"key":"896_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dubey H, Yang J, Constant N, Amiri AM, Yang Q, Makodiya K (2015) Fog data: enhancing telehealth big data through fog computing. In: ASE BigData and socialInformatics (ASE BD&SI). pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1145\/2818869.2818889"},{"key":"896_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2780087","volume":"6","author":"H El-Sayed","year":"2018","unstructured":"El-Sayed H, Sankar S, Prasad M, Puthal D (2018) Edge of things: the big picture on the integration of edge. IoT and the Cloud. IEEE Access 6:1706\u20131717","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"896_CR35","unstructured":"ETSI: MEC 003 - V2.1.1-Multi-access edge computing (MEC); framework and reference architecture. Technical report (2019)"},{"issue":"6","key":"896_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061798","volume":"18","author":"Fraga-Lamas P Fern\u00e1ndez-Caram\u00e9sTM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Caram\u00e9sTM Fraga-Lamas P, Su\u00e1rez-Albela M, Vilar-Montesinos M (2018) A fog computing and cloudlet based augmented reality system for the industry 4.0 shipyard. Sensors 18(6):1798","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2012.05.023","volume":"29","author":"N Fernando","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fernando N, Loke SW, Rahayu W (2013) Mobile cloud computing: a survey. Future Gener Comput Syst 29(1):84\u2013106","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"896_CR38","first-page":"1","volume":"7161","author":"N Fernando","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fernando N, Loke SW, Rahayu W (2016) Computing with nearby mobile devices: a work sharing algorithm for mobile edge-clouds. IEEE Trans CC 7161:1\u201314","journal-title":"IEEE Trans CC"},{"issue":"6","key":"896_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3243929","volume":"51","author":"AJ Ferrer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferrer AJ, Marqu\u00e8s JM, Jorba J (2019) Towards the decentralised cloud: survey on approaches and challenges for mobile, ad-hoc and edge computing. ACM Comput Surv 51(6):1\u201339","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"896_CR40","unstructured":"Firdhous M, Ghazali O, Hassan S (2014) Fog computing: will it be the future of cloud computing? In: 3rd International conference on informatics and applications. pp 8\u201315"},{"issue":"13","key":"896_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2020.0062","volume":"14","author":"Z Gao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gao Z, Hao W, Zhang R, Yang S (2020) Markov decision process-based computation offloading algorithm and resource allocation in time constraint for mobile cloud computing. IET Commun 14(13):2068\u20132078","journal-title":"IET Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"896_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1145\/2831347.2831354","volume":"45","author":"P Garcia Lopez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garcia Lopez P, Montresor A, Epema D, Datta A, Higashino T, Iamnitchi A, Barcellos M, Felber P, Riviere E (2015) Edge-centric computing. ACM SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev 45(5):37\u201342","journal-title":"ACM SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev"},{"key":"896_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152847","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2948399","volume":"7","author":"J Gedeon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gedeon J, Brandherm F, Egert R, Grube T, M\u00fchlh\u00e4user M (2019) What the fog? edge computing revisited: promises. Applications and future challenges. IEEE Access 7:152847\u2013152878","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"896_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gedeon J, Krisztinkovics J, Meurisch C, Stein M, Wang L, M\u00fchlh\u00e4user M (2018) A multi-cloudlet infrastructure for future smart cities: an empirical study. In: 1st International workshop on edge systems, analytics and networking. pp 19\u201324","DOI":"10.1145\/3213344.3213348"},{"key":"896_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giordano A, Spezzano G, Vinci A (2016) Smart agents and fog computing for smart city applications. In: International conference smart cities. pp 137\u2013146","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-39595-1_14"},{"key":"896_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzalez NM, Goya WA, Silva EA, Cristina T, Brito MD (2016) Fog computing: data analytics and cloud distributed processing on the network edges. In: 35th International conference of the Chilean computer science society, (SCCC). pp 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1109\/SCCC.2016.7836028"},{"key":"896_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grewe D, Wagner M, Arumaithurai M, Psaras I, Kutscher D (2017) Information-centric mobile edge computing for connected vehicle environments. In: Workshop on mobile edge communications, (MECOMM). pp 7\u201312","DOI":"10.1145\/3098208.3098210"},{"key":"896_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu Z, Takahashi R, Fukazawa Y (2019) Real-time resources allocation framework for multi-task offloading in mobile cloud computing. In: International conference on computer, information and telecomm, systems, CITS\u201919. pp 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/CITS.2019.8862120"},{"key":"896_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan T, Zaluska E, De Roure D (2005) A grid service infrastructure for mobile devices. In: 1st international conference on semantics, knowledge and grid. pp 2\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/SKG.2005.10"},{"key":"896_CR50","first-page":"1","volume":"5G","author":"H Gupta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gupta H, Chakraborty S, Ghosh SK, Buyya R (2016) Fog computing in 5G networks: an application perspective. Fog 5G:1\u201336","journal-title":"Fog"},{"key":"896_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700707","volume":"56","author":"P Hall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hall P, Miller H (2018) Fog computing architecture, evaluation, and future research directions. IEEE Commun Mag 56:46\u201352","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"issue":"9","key":"896_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6153","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2920348","volume":"67","author":"D Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han D, Chen W, Bai B, Fang Y (2019) Offloading optimization and bottleneck analysis for mobile cloud computing. IEEE Trans Commun 67(9):6153\u20136167","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"896_CR53","first-page":"127276","volume":"7","author":"N Hassan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hassan N, Yau KLA, Wu C (2019) Edge computing in 5G: a review. IEEE Access Special Section on MEC and MCC 7:127276\u2013127289","journal-title":"IEEE Access Special Section on MEC and MCC"},{"issue":"5","key":"896_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3326066","volume":"52","author":"CH Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong CH, Varghese B (2019) Resource management in fog\/edge computing: a survey on architectures, infrastructure, and algorithms. ACM Comput Surv 52(5):1\u201337","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"896_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hu P, Dhelim S, Ning H, Qiu T (2017) Survey on fog computing: architecture, key technologies, applications and open issues. J Netw Comput Appl 98:27\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.09.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2017.09.002"},{"key":"896_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50355","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2979970","volume":"8","author":"J Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang J, Liang J, Ali S (2020) A simulation-based optimization approach for reliability-aware service composition in edge computing. IEEE Access 8:50355\u201350366","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s13174-011-0021-3","volume":"2","author":"V Issarny","year":"2011","unstructured":"Issarny V, Georgantas N, Hachem S, Zarras A, Vassiliadist P, Autili M, Gerosa MA, Hamida AB (2011) Service-oriented middleware for the Future Internet: state of the art and research directions. J Internet Serv Appl 2(1):23\u201345","journal-title":"J Internet Serv Appl"},{"key":"896_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jararweh Y, Doulat A, Alqudah O, Ahmed E, Al-Ayyoub M, Benkhelifa E (2016) The future of mobile cloud computing: integrating cloudlets and mobile edge computing. In: 23rd International conference on telecommunications, (ICT). pp 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/ICT.2016.7500486"},{"issue":"2","key":"896_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-019-02208-y","volume":"26","author":"G Javadzadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Javadzadeh G, Rahmani AM (2020) Fog computing applications in smart cities: a systematic survey. Wireless Netw 26(2):1433\u20131457","journal-title":"Wireless Netw"},{"key":"896_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.2787","volume":"50","author":"D Jha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jha D, Alwasel K, Alshoshan A, Huang X, Naha R, Battula S, Garg S, Puthal D, James P, Zomaya A, Dustdar S, Ranjan R (2020) IoTSim-Edge: a simulation framework for modeling the behavior of IoT and EC environments. Softw Pract Exp 50:1\u201319","journal-title":"Softw Pract Exp"},{"issue":"11","key":"896_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4995","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2857918","volume":"14","author":"G Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia G, Han G, Li A, Du J (2018) SSL: smart street lamp based on fog computing for smarter cities. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 14(11):4995\u20135004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inf"},{"key":"896_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia M, Liang W, Xu Z (2017) Qos-aware task offloading in distributed cloudlets with virtual network function services. In: Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on modelling, analysis and simulation of wireless and mobile systems, pp 106\u2013119","DOI":"10.1145\/3127540.3127561"},{"key":"896_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131543","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2938660","volume":"7","author":"C Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang C, Cheng X, Gao H, Zhou X, Wan J (2019) Toward computation offloading in edge computing: a survey. IEEE Access 7:131543\u2013131558","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"896_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang S, Lee J, Jeon J, Chun I (2019) Multi-access edge computing based simulation offloading for 5g mobile application. In: 17th annual international conference on mobile systems, applications, and services. pp 590\u2013591","DOI":"10.1145\/3307334.3328640"},{"key":"896_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.02.050","volume":"97","author":"WZ Khan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khan WZ, Ahmed E, Hakak S, Yaqoob I, Ahmed A (2019) Edge computing: a survey. Future Gener Comput Syst 97:219\u2013235","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"896_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiss P, Reale A, Ferrari CJ, Istenes Z (2018) Deployment of IoT applications on 5G edge. In: IEEE international conference on future IoT technologies. pp 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1109\/FIOT.2018.8325595"},{"key":"896_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitanov S, Monteiro E, Janevski T (2016) 5G and the fog-survey of related technologies and research directions. In: 18th Mediterranean Electrotechnical conference: intelligent and efficient technologies and services for the citizen. pp 18\u201320","DOI":"10.1109\/MELCON.2016.7495388"},{"key":"896_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9869434","author":"J Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee J, Kang S, Jeon J, Chun I (2020) Multiaccess edge computing-based simulation as a service for 5G mobile applications: a case study of tollgate selection for autonomous vehicles. Wirel Commun Mobile Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/9869434","journal-title":"Wirel Commun Mobile Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"896_CR69","first-page":"A34","volume":"51","author":"C Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li C, Xue Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Li T (2018) Edge-oriented computing paradigms: a survey on architecture design and system management. ACM Comput Surv 51(2):A34\u2013A39","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"issue":"8","key":"896_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2019.2920341","volume":"107","author":"F Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu F, Tang G, Li Y, Cai Z, Zhang X, Zhou T (2019) A survey on edge computing systems and tools. Proc IEEE 107(8):1537\u20131562","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"896_CR71","unstructured":"Luan TH, Gao L, Li Z, Xiang Y, Wei G, Sun L Comput Sci 1\u201311"},{"issue":"3","key":"896_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2682318","volume":"19","author":"P Mach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mach P, Becvar Z (2017) Mobile edge computing: a survey on architecture and computation offloading. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 19(3):1628\u20131656","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"key":"896_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmud R, Buyya R (2019) Fog and edge comp: principles and paradigms, 1st edn","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119525080"},{"key":"896_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmud R, Kotagiri R, Buyya R (2016) Fog computing: a taxonomy, survey and future directions. pp 1\u201328","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5861-5_5"},{"issue":"3","key":"896_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600247CM","volume":"55","author":"D Mazza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mazza D, Tarchi D, Corazza GE (2017) A unified urban mobile cloud computing offloading mechanism for smart cities. IEEE Commun Mag 55(3):30\u201337","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"issue":"4","key":"896_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950023","DOI":"10.1142\/S1469026819500238","volume":"18","author":"S Mehta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mehta S, Kaur P (2019) Efficient computation offloading in mobile cloud computing with nature-inspired algorithms. Int J Comput Intell Appl 18(4):1950023","journal-title":"Int J Comput Intell Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2771153","volume":"20","author":"C Mouradian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mouradian C, Naboulsi D, Yangui S, Glitho RH, Morrow MJ, Polakos PA (2018) A comprehensive survey on fog computing: state-of-the-art and research challenges. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 20(1):416\u2013464","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"key":"896_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muniswamaiah M, Tappert CC (2019) Mobile cloud computing in healthcare using dynamic cloudlets for energy-aware consumption. CoRR abs\/1908.11501","DOI":"10.5121\/csit.2019.91006"},{"key":"896_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47980","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2866491","volume":"6","author":"RK Naha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naha RK, Garg S, Georgakopoulos D, Jayaraman PP, Gao L, Xiang Y, Ranjan R (2018) Fog computing: survey of trends, architectures, requirements, and research directions. IEEE Access 6:47980\u201348009","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"896_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MIC.2017.2911430","volume":"21","author":"S Nastic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nastic S, Rausch T, Scekic O, Dustdar S, Gusev M, Koteska B, Kostoska M, Jakimovski B, Ristov S, Prodan R (2017) A serverless real-time for edge computing. IEEE Internet Comput Internet 21:64\u201371","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Comput Internet"},{"key":"896_CR81","unstructured":"Nath SB, Gupta H, Chakraborty S, Ghosh SK (2018) A survey of fog computing and communication: current researches and future directions. IEEE Access (i) 1\u201347"},{"key":"896_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.12.036","volume":"106","author":"H Ning","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ning H, Li Y, Shi F, Yang LT (2020) Heterogeneous edge computing open platforms and tools for internet of things. Future Gener Comput Syst 106:67\u201376","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"896_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2018.04.018","volume":"115","author":"TH Noor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noor TH, Zeadally S, Alfazi A, Sheng QZ (2018) Mobile cloud computing: challenges and future research directions. J Net Comput Appl 115:70\u201385","journal-title":"J Net Comput Appl"},{"key":"896_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nunna S, Kousaridas A, Ibrahim M, Dillinger M, Thuemmler C, Feussner H, Schneider A (2015) Enabling real-time context-aware collaboration through 5G and MEC. In: 12th international conference on information technology: new generations. pp 601\u2013605","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNG.2015.155"},{"key":"896_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang Z, Sun L, Wang Z, Tian E, Yang S (2016) A survey of cloudlet based mobile computing. In: international conference on cloud computing and big data. pp 268\u2013275","DOI":"10.1109\/CCBD.2015.54"},{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR86","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"M Patel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel M, Hu Y, H\u00e9d\u00e9 P, Joubert J, Thornton C, Naughton B, Julian RR, Chan C, Young V, Tan SJ, Lynch D (2014) Mobile edge computing-introductory technical white paper. ETSI White Paper 11(1):1\u201336","journal-title":"ETSI White Paper"},{"issue":"2","key":"896_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-013-0477-4","volume":"19","author":"MR Rahimi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rahimi MR, Ren J, Liu CH, Vasilakos AV, Venkatasubramanian N (2014) Mobile cloud computing: a survey, state of art and future directions. Mobile Netwo Appl 19(2):133\u2013143","journal-title":"Mobile Netwo Appl"},{"key":"896_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2019.05.005","volume":"140","author":"PP Ray","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ray PP, Dash D, De D (2019) Edge computing for internet of things: a survey, e-healthcare case study and future direction. J Net Comput Appl 140:1\u201322","journal-title":"J Net Comput Appl"},{"issue":"6","key":"896_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3362031","volume":"52","author":"J Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ren J, Zhang D, He S, Zhang Y, Li T (2019) A survey on end-edge-cloud orchestrated network computing paradigms: transparent computing, mobile edge computing, fog computing, and cloudlet. ACM Comput Surv 52(6):1\u201336","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"896_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2016.11.009","volume":"78","author":"R Roman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roman R, Lopez J, Mambo M (2018) Mobile edge computing, Fog et al.: a survey and analysis of security threats and challenges. Future Gener Comput Syst 78:680\u2013698","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"896_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2016.2590118","volume":"5","author":"D Sabella","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sabella D, Vaillant A, Kuure P, Rauschenbach U, Giust F (2016) Mobile-edge computing architecture: the role of MEC in the internet of things. IEEE Consum Electron Mag 5(4):84\u201391","journal-title":"IEEE Consum Electron Mag"},{"key":"896_CR92","first-page":"356","volume":"4","author":"SMHKVAL Sangal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sangal SMHKVAL (2015) Analysis of cloudlet completion time during attack on smart grid cloud. Int J Cloud Comput 4:356\u2013376","journal-title":"Int J Cloud Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.9","volume":"50","author":"M Satyanarayanan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Satyanarayanan M (2017) The emergence of edge computing. Computer 50(1):30\u201339","journal-title":"Computer"},{"issue":"4","key":"896_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1109\/MPRV.2009.82","volume":"8","author":"M Satyanarayanan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Satyanarayanan M, Bahl P, C\u00e1ceres R, Davies N (2009) The case for VM-based cloudlets in mobile computing. IEEE Pervasive Comput 8(4):14\u201323","journal-title":"IEEE Pervasive Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-017-0097-9","volume":"6","author":"S Shahzadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shahzadi S, Iqbal M, Dagiuklas T, Qayyum ZU (2017) Multi-access edge computing: open issues, challenges and future perspectives. J Cloud Comput 6(1):30","journal-title":"J Cloud Comput"},{"issue":"5","key":"896_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2579198","volume":"3","author":"W Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shi W, Cao J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Xu L (2016) Edge computing: vision and challenges. IEEE Internet Things J 3(5):637\u2013646","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"896_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2016.145","volume":"49","author":"W Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shi W, Dustdar S (2016) The promise of edge computing. Computer 49:78\u201381","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"896_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simoens P, Xiao Y, Pillai P, Chen Z, Ha K, Satyanarayanan M (2013) Scalable crowd-sourcing of video from mobile devices. In: 11th annual international conference on mobile systems, applications, and services, (MobiSys \u201913). p 139","DOI":"10.1145\/2462456.2464440"},{"key":"896_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinaeepourfard A, Krogstie J, Petersen SA, Ahlers D (2019) F2c2c-dm: a fog-to-cloudlet-to-cloud data management architecture in smart city. In: 2019 IEEE 5th world forum on internet of things (WF-IoT). pp 590\u2013595","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2019.8767226"},{"key":"896_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinky H, Hamdaoui B (2016) Cloudlet-aware mobile content delivery in wireless urban communication networks. In: 2016 IEEE global communications conference, GLOBECOM 2016, Washington, DC, USA, December 4\u20138, 2016, IEEE. pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2016.7841664"},{"key":"896_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sitt\u00f3n-Candanedo I, Alonso R, Rodr\u00edguez-Gonz\u00e1lez S, Coria J, de\u00a0la Prieta F (2019) Edge computing architectures in industry 4.0: a general survey and comparison. In: 14th International conference on soft computing models in industrial and environmental applications (SOCO 2019), vol 950. pp 121\u2013131","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20055-8_12"},{"key":"896_CR102","unstructured":"Sneps-Sneppe M, Namiot D (2016) On mobile cloud for smart city applications. CoRR"},{"key":"896_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song Y, Yau SS, Yu R, Zhang X, Xue G (2017) An approach to qos-based task distribution in edge computing networks for iot applications. In: IEEE international conference on edge computing. IEEE Computer Society, pp 32\u201339","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEE.EDGE.2017.50"},{"key":"896_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonmez C, Ozgovde, A, Ersoy, C (2017) EdgeCloudSim: an environment for performance evaluation of edge computing systems. In: 2nd International conference on fog and mobile edge computing, (FMEC\u201917). pp 39\u201344","DOI":"10.1109\/FMEC.2017.7946405"},{"key":"896_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stojmenovic I, Wen S (2014) The fog computing paradigm: scenarios and security issues. In: Federated conference on computer science and information systems, vol\u00a02. pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.15439\/2014F503"},{"key":"896_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47118","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2978896","volume":"8","author":"C Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun C, Li H, Li X, Wen J, Xiong Q, Zhou W (2020) Convergence of recommender systems and EC: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Access 8:47118\u201347132","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"7","key":"896_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2017.2690678","volume":"21","author":"X Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun X, Ansari N (2017) Latency aware workload offloading in the cloudlet network. IEEE Commun Lett 21(7):1481\u20131484","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"896_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2705720","volume":"19","author":"T Taleb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taleb T, Samdanis K, Mada B, Flinck H, Dutta S, Sabella D (2017) On multi-access edge computing: a survey of the emerging 5G network edge cloud architecture and orchestration. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 19(3):1657\u20131681","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"key":"896_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tawalbeh LA, Bakheder W, Mehmood R, Song H (2016) Cloudlet-based mobile cloud computing for healthcare applications. In: IEEE global communications conference, (GLOBECOM). pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2016.7841665"},{"issue":"4","key":"896_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600863","volume":"55","author":"TX Tran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tran TX, Hajisami A, Pandey P, Pompili D (2017) Collaborative mobile edge computing in 5G networks: new paradigms, scenarios, and challenges. IEEE Commun Mag 55(4):54\u201361","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Mag"},{"key":"896_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2019.10.043","volume":"104","author":"S Tuli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tuli S, Basumatary N, Gill SS, Kahani M, Arya RC, Wander GS, Buyya R (2020) HealthFog: an ensemble deep learning based smart healthcare system for automatic diagnosis of heart diseases in integrated IoT and fog computing environments. Future Gener Comput Syst 104:187\u2013200","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"896_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.02.034","volume":"20","author":"S Vaidya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vaidya S, Ambad P, Bhosle S (2018) Industry 4.0\u2013a Glimpse. Procedia Manuf 20:233\u2013238","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf"},{"issue":"5","key":"896_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1145\/2677046.2677052","volume":"44","author":"LM Vaquero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vaquero LM, Rodero-Merino L (2014) Finding your way in the fog. ACM SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev 44(5):27\u201332","journal-title":"ACM SIGCOMM Comput Commun Rev"},{"key":"896_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varshney P, Simmhan Y (2017) Demystifying fog computing: characterizing architectures, applications and abstractions. In: IEEE 1st International conference on fog and edge computing (ICFEC\u201917). pp 115\u2013124","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFEC.2017.20"},{"key":"896_CR115","first-page":"6757","volume":"5","author":"S Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yang J, Wang W (2017) A survey on mobile edge networks: convergence of computing, caching and communications. IEEE Access SS Secur Anal Intell CPS 5:6757\u20136779","journal-title":"IEEE Access SS Secur Anal Intell CPS"},{"issue":"6","key":"896_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3324926","volume":"10","author":"T Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang T, Luo H, Zheng X, Xie M (2019) Crowdsourcing mechanism for trust evaluation in CPCS based on intelligent mobile edge computing. ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol 10(6):62:1\u201362:19","journal-title":"ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"896_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-014-2102-7","volume":"80","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, Chen IR, Wang DC (2015) A survey of mobile cloud computing applications: perspectives and challenges. Wirel Pers Commun 80(4):1607\u20131623","journal-title":"Wirel Pers Commun"},{"key":"896_CR118","unstructured":"Wang Y, Pan Y (2015) Cloud-dew architecture: realizing the potential of distributed database systems in unreliable networks. In: Proceedings of the international conference on parallel and distributed processing techniques and applications (PDPTA). p\u00a085"},{"key":"896_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang B, Chai WK, Pavlou G, Katsaros KV (2016) Seamless support of low latency mobile applications with NFV-enabled mobile edge-cloud. In: 5th IEEE international conference on cloud networking, (CloudNet). pp 136\u2013141","DOI":"10.1109\/CloudNet.2016.21"},{"issue":"2","key":"896_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2015.2513390","volume":"7","author":"D Yao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yao D, Yu C, Yang LT, Jin H (2019) Using crowdsourcing to provide qos for mobile cloud computing. IEEE Trans Cloud Comput 7(2):344\u2013356","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cloud Comput"},{"issue":"5","key":"896_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5457","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2979941","volume":"69","author":"A Yassine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yassine A, Hossain MS, Muhammad G, Guizani M (2020) Cloudlet-based intelligent auctioning agents for truthful autonomous electric vehicles energy crowdsourcing. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 69(5):5457\u20135466","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"896_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi S, Hao Z, Qin Z, Li Q (2016) Fog computing: platform and applications. In: 3rd Workshop on hot topics in web systems and technologies. pp 73\u201378","DOI":"10.1109\/HotWeb.2015.22"},{"key":"896_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi S, Li C, Li Q (2015) A survey of fog computing: concepts, applications and issues. In: Workshop on mobile big data-mobidata \u201915. pp 37\u201342","DOI":"10.1145\/2757384.2757397"},{"issue":"7","key":"896_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.14445\/23488387\/IJCSE-V4I7P104","volume":"4","author":"MK Yogi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yogi MK, Chandrasekhar K, Kumar GV (2017) Mist computing: principles, trends and future direction. SSRG Int J Comput Sci Eng 4(7):19\u201321","journal-title":"SSRG Int J Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"896_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yousefpour A, Fung C, Nguyen T, Kadiyala K, Jalali F, Niakanlahiji A, Kong J, Jue JP (2019) All one needs to know about fog computing and related edge computing paradigms: a complete survey. J Syst Architect 98:289\u2013330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2019.02.009"},{"issue":"9","key":"896_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-016-1921-6","volume":"74","author":"J Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu J, Lee N, Pyo CS, Lee YS (2018) WISE: web of object architecture on IoT environment for smart home and building energy management. J Supercomput 74(9):4403\u20134418","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"896_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18209","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2820162","volume":"6","author":"J Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang J, Chen B, Zhao Y, Cheng X, Hu F (2018) Data security and privacy-preserving in edge computing paradigm: survey and open issues. IEEE Access 6:18209\u201318237","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"896_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-017-1095-0","volume":"22","author":"J Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhou Z, Li S, Gan L, Zhang X, Qi L, Xu X, Dou W (2018) Hybrid computation offloading for smart home automation in mobile cloud computing. Pers Ubiquitous Comput 22(1):121\u2013134","journal-title":"Pers Ubiquitous Comput"},{"key":"896_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2017.2668838","volume":"12","author":"K Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang K, Mao Y, Leng S, He Y, Zhang Y (2017) Mobile-edge computing for vehicular networks. IEEE Veh Technol Mag 12:36\u201344","journal-title":"IEEE Veh Technol Mag"},{"issue":"12","key":"896_CR130","first-page":"169","volume":"32","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang Y (2004) Transparence computing: concept, architecture and example. Chin J Electron 32(12):169\u2013174","journal-title":"Chin J Electron"},{"issue":"12","key":"896_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2015.2405539","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Niyato D, Wang P (2015) Offloading in mobile cloudlet systems with intermittent connectivity. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 14(12):2516\u20132529","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"896_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2017.2682683","volume":"12","author":"W Zhuang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhuang W, Jamalipour A, Bai F, Vinel A (2017) Emerging technologies, applications, and standardizations for connecting vehicles. IEEE Veh Technol Mag 12(2):23\u201325","journal-title":"IEEE Veh Technol Mag"}],"container-title":["Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00896-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00896-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00896-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,28]],"date-time":"2023-01-28T11:02:48Z","timestamp":1674903768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00896-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00896-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-485X","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-5057","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}