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Remotely sensed ecosystem functional attributes (EFAs) are integrative descriptors of the environmental change\u2014being closely related to the processes directly affecting food chains via trophic cascades. Here we tested if EFAs can explain the species fitness at upper trophic levels. We took advantage of a long-term time series database of the reproductive success of the Golden Eagle (<jats:italic>Aquila chrysaetos<\/jats:italic>)\u2014an apex predator at the upper trophic level\u2014over a 17-year period across a bioclimatic gradient (NW Spain; c. 29,575 km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). We computed a comprehensive database of EFAs from three MODIS satellite-products related to the carbon cycle, heat dynamics and radiative balance. We also assessed possible time-lag in the response of the Golden Eagle to fire, a critical disruptor of the surface energy budget in our region. We explored the role of EFAs on the fitness of the Golden Eagle with logistic-exposure nest survival models. Our models showed that the reproductive performance of the Golden Eagle is influenced by spatiotemporal variations in land surface temperature, albedo and vegetation productivity (AUC values from 0.71 to 0.8; \u03a3Wi<jats:sub>EFAs<\/jats:sub>from 0.66 to 1). Fire disturbance also affected ecological fitness of this apex predator\u2014with a limited effect at 3\u00a0years after fire (a time-lagged response to surface energy budget disruptions; \u03a3Wi<jats:sub>Fire<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.62). Our study provides evidence for the influence of the matter and energy fluxes between land surface and atmosphere on the reproductive success of species at upper trophic levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-021-00699-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T17:46:20Z","timestamp":1632851180000},"page":"1037-1051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Ecosystem Functioning Influences Species Fitness at Upper Trophic Levels"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1983-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Regos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Arenas-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Gil-Carrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"699_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2016.12.009","volume":"57","author":"D Alcaraz-Segura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alcaraz-Segura D, Lomba A, Sousa-Silva R, Nieto-Lugilde D, Alves P, Georges D, Vicente JR, Honrado JP. 2017. 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