{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:38:12Z","timestamp":1774265892513,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530230400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hydrogeol J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-018-1815-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]],"date-time":"2018-06-29T04:30:36Z","timestamp":1530246636000},"page":"2595-2615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Tracing salinization processes in coastal aquifers using an isotopic and geochemical approach: comparative studies in western Morocco and southwest Portugal","Tra\u00e7age des processus de salinisation dans des aquif\u00e8res c\u00f4tiers \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019une approche isotopique et g\u00e9ochimique: \u00e9tudes comparatives dans l\u2019ouest du Maroc et le sud-ouest du Portugal","Seguimiento de procesos de salinizaci\u00f3n en acu\u00edferos costeros utilizando un enfoque isot\u00f3pico y geoqu\u00edmico: estudios comparativos en el oeste de Marruecos y el suroeste de Portugal","\u91c7\u7528\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u548c\u5730\u7403\u5316\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u793a\u8e2a\u6cbf\u6d77\u542b\u6c34\u5c42\u76d0\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b:\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u897f\u90e8\u548c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76","Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de processos de saliniza\u00e7\u00e3o em aqu\u00edferos costeiros utilizando uma abordagem isot\u00f3pica e geoqu\u00edmica: estudo comparativo entre Marrocos ocidental e sudoeste de Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Paula M.","family":"Carreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Bahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ouhamdouch","family":"Salah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Galego Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1815_CR1","unstructured":"Aragu\u00e1s-Aragu\u00e1s L, Gonfiantini R (1989) Environmental isotopes in sea water intrusion studies. International Atomic Energy Agency, Internal Report, IAEA, Vienna"},{"key":"1815_CR2","unstructured":"Astier JL (1979) Etude des resources en eaux souterraines de la p\u00e9ninsule de Set\u00fabal \u2013 Portugal. Geophysique. Nouveaux r\u00e9sultats de la prospection \u00e9lectrique [Study of the groundwater resources of the peninsula of Set\u00fabal - Portugal: geophysics\u2014new results of electrical prospecting]. UNDP\u2013UNESCO, Paris"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1815_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033822200046208","volume":"52","author":"N Avrahamov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Avrahamov N, Yechieli Y, Lazar B, Lewenberg O, Boaretto E, Sivan O (2010) Characterization and dating of saline groundwater in the Dead Sea area. Radiocarbon 52(2\u20133):1123\u20131140","journal-title":"Radiocarbon"},{"key":"1815_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3989\/egeol.00563-4150","volume":"56","author":"M Bahir","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bahir M, Mennani A, Jalal M, Youbi N (2000) Contribution \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tude des ressources hydriques du bassin synclinal d\u2019Essaouira (Maroc) [Contribution to the study of water resources of Essaouira synclinal basin (Morocco)]. Estud Geol 56:185\u2013195","journal-title":"Estud Geol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1815_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3989\/egeol.08641433","volume":"64","author":"M Bahir","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bahir M, Carreira P, Oliveira da Silva M, Fernandes P (2008) Caract\u00e9risation hydrodynamique, hydrochimique et isotopique du syst\u00e8me aquif\u00e8re de Kourimat (Bassin d\u2019Essaouira, Maroc) [Hydrodynamic, hydrochemical and isotopic characterization of the Kourimat aquifer system (Essaouira Basin, Morocco)]. Estud Geol 64(1):61\u201373","journal-title":"Estud Geol"},{"key":"1815_CR6","unstructured":"Bahir M, El Moukhayar R, Carreira P, Souhel A (2015) Isotopic tools for groundwater management in semi-arid area: case of the Wadi Ouazzi Basin (Morocco). Larhyss J 23:23\u201339"},{"key":"1815_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeps.2016.12.036","volume":"17","author":"M Bahir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bahir M, Carreira PM, Ouhamdouchc S, Chamchati H (2017) Recharge conceptual model and mineralization of groundwater in a semi-arid region; Essaouira basin (Morocco). Procedia Earth Planet Sci 17:69\u201372. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proeps.2016.12.036","journal-title":"Procedia Earth Planet Sci"},{"key":"1815_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeps.2013.03.063","volume":"7","author":"MF Ben Hamouda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ben Hamouda MF, Carreira P, Marques JM, Eggenkamp HGM (2013) Geochemical and isotopic investigations to study the origin of mineralization of the coastal aquifer of Sousse. Tunisia Proc Earth Planet Sci 7:61\u201364. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proeps.2013.03.063","journal-title":"Tunisia Proc Earth Planet Sci"},{"key":"1815_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022","volume":"352","author":"L Bouchaou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bouchaou L, Michelot JL, Vengosh A, Hsissou Y, Qurtobi M, Gaye CB, Bullen TD, Zuppi GM (2008) Application of multiple isotopic and geochemical tracers for investigation of recharge, salinization, and residence time of water in the Souss\u2013Massa aquifer, southwest of Morocco. J Hydrol 352:267\u2013287. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.01.022","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"1815_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-3428-0","volume":"22","author":"H Bouzourra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bouzourra H, Bouhlila R, Elango L, Slama F, Ouslati N (2015) Characterization of mechanisms and processes of groundwater salinization in irrigated coastal area using statistics, GIS, and hydrogeochemical investigations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22:2643\u20132660. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-014-3428-0","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"1815_CR11","unstructured":"Broughton P, Trepanier A (1993) Hydrocarbon generation in the Essaouira basin of western Morocco. Bull Am Assoc Petrol Geol 77:999\u20131015"},{"key":"1815_CR12","unstructured":"Carreira PM (1998) Paleo\u00e1guas de Aveiro [Aveiro palaeowaters]. PhD Thesis, Aveiro University, Aveiro, Portugal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1815_CR13","first-page":"41","volume":"15","author":"PM Carreira","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carreira PM, Macedo ME, Soares AMM, Vieira MC, Santos JB (1994) Origem da saliniza\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema aqu\u00edfero da Bacia do Baixo Sado, na regi\u00e3o de Set\u00fabal [Origin of salinization of the aquifer system of the Lower Sado Basin, in Setubal region]. Recursos H\u00eddricos 15(1):41\u201348","journal-title":"Recursos H\u00eddricos"},{"key":"1815_CR14","unstructured":"Carreira PM, Soares AMM, Silva MAM, Aragu\u00e1s-Aragu\u00e1s L, Rozanski K (1996) Application of environmental isotope methods in assessing groundwater dynamics of an intensively exploited coastal aquifer in Portugal. In: Isotopes in water resources management, vol 2. IAEA, Vienna, pp 45\u201358"},{"key":"1815_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-009-9489-z","volume":"24","author":"PM Carreira","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carreira PM, Marques JM, Pina A, Mota Gomes A, Galego Fernandes P, Monteiro Santos FA (2010) Groundwater assessment at Santiago Island (Cabo Verde): a multidisciplinary approach to a recurring source of water supply. Water Resour Manag 24:1139\u20131159. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11269-009-9489-z","journal-title":"Water Resour Manag"},{"key":"1815_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2013.12.012","volume":"41","author":"PM Carreira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carreira PM, Marques JM, Nunes D (2014) Source of groundwater salinity in coastline aquifers based on environmental isotopes (Portugal): natural vs. human interference\u2014a review and reinterpretation. Appl Geochem 41:163\u2013175. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2013.12.012","journal-title":"Appl Geochem"},{"key":"1815_CR17","unstructured":"Carvalho MR, Almeida C (1989) HIDSPEC, um programa de especia\u00e7\u00e3o e c\u00e1lculo de equil\u00edbrios \u00e1gua\/rocha. [HIDSPEC, a program of speciation and calculation of water \/ rock balances]. Rev. Univ. Aveiro 4 (2), 1\u201322"},{"issue":"3","key":"1815_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02035.x","volume":"34","author":"DA Cates","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cates DA, Knox RC, Sabatini DA (1996) The impact of ion exchange processes on subsurface brine transport as observed on Piper diagrams. Ground Water 34(3):532\u2013544","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"issue":"27","key":"1815_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1029\/96EO00182","volume":"77","author":"T. B. Coplen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Coplen TB, De Bi\u00e8vre P, Krouse HR, Vocke RDJr, Groening M, Rozanski K (1996) Ratios for light\u2011element isotopes standardized for better interlaboratory comparison, Eos, v. 77 (27): 255pp. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/96EO00182","journal-title":"Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union"},{"issue":"2","key":"1815_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-002-0188-6","volume":"10","author":"E Custodio","year":"2002","unstructured":"Custodio E (2002) Aquifer overexploitation: what does it mean? Hydrogeol J 10(2):254\u2013277. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-002-0188-6","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1815_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-009-0496-1","volume":"18","author":"E Custodio","year":"2010","unstructured":"Custodio E (2010) Coastal aquifers of Europe: an overview. Hydrogeol J 18(1):269\u2013280. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-009-0496-1","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"key":"1815_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3023-1_21","volume-title":"Isotopes in the water cycle: past, present and future of a developing science","author":"WM Edmunds","year":"2005","unstructured":"Edmunds WM (2005) Groundwater as an archive of climatic and environmental change. In: Aggarwal PK, Gat JR, Froehlich KFO (eds) Isotopes in the water cycle: past, present and future of a developing science. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 341\u2013352"},{"key":"1815_CR23","unstructured":"Edmunds WM, Droubi A (1998) Groundwater salinity and environmental change. In: Isotopetechniques in the study of environmental change. IAEA, Vienna, pp 503\u2013518"},{"issue":"5","key":"1815_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(53)90051-9","volume":"4","author":"S Epstein","year":"1953","unstructured":"Epstein S, Mayeda T (1953) Variation of 18O content of waters from natural sources. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 4: 213\u2013224","journal-title":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta"},{"key":"1815_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-5894(78)90100-X","volume":"10","author":"RG Fairbanks","year":"1978","unstructured":"Fairbanks RG, Matthews RK (1978) The marine oxygen isotope record in Pleistocene coral, Barbados. West Indies Quatern Res 10:181\u2013196","journal-title":"West Indies Quatern Res"},{"key":"1815_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-014-1157-6","volume":"22","author":"S Foster","year":"2014","unstructured":"Foster S, MacDonald A (2014) The \u2018water security\u2019 dialogue: why it needs to be better informed about groundwater. Hydrogeol J 22:1489\u20131492. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-014-1157-6","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"1815_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(53)90066-0","volume":"4","author":"Irving Friedman","year":"1953","unstructured":"Friedman I (1953) Deuterium content of natural waters and other substances. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 4: 89\u2013103","journal-title":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta"},{"key":"1815_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.07.046","volume":"361","author":"P Galego Fernandes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Galego Fernandes P, Carreira PM (2008) Isotopic evidence of aquifer recharge during the last ice age in Portugal. J Hydrol 361:291\u2013308. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.07.046","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1815_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-009-0133-2","volume":"59","author":"P Galego Fernandes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Galego Fernandes P, Carreira PM, Bahir M (2009) Mass balance simulation and principal components analysis applied to groundwater resources: Essaouira basin (Morocco). Environ Earth Sci 59(7):1475\u20131484. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-009-0133-2","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"1815_CR30","unstructured":"Gonfiantini R, Aragu\u00e1s-Aragu\u00e1s LA (1988) Los isotopos ambientales en los estudios de la intrusion marina [The environmental isotopes in marine intrusion studies]. Proc. Symp. Tecnol\u00f3gia de la Intrusi\u00f3n en acu\u00edferos Costeros, Ponencias Internacionales, 1. IGME, Madrid, pp 135\u2013190"},{"key":"1815_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(02)00402-3","volume":"197","author":"R Gonfiantini","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gonfiantini R, Zuppi GM (2003) Carbon isotopic exchange rate of DIC in karst groundwater. Chem Geol 197:319\u2013336. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0009-2541(02)00402-3","journal-title":"Chem Geol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1815_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S1251-8050(99)80103-7","volume":"328","author":"Y Hsissou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hsissou Y, Mudry J, Mania J, Bouchaou L, Chauve P (1999) Utilisation du rapport Br\/Cl pour d\u00e9terminer l\u2019origine de la salinisation des eaux souterraines: exemple de la Plaine du sous (Maroc) [Use of the Br\/Cl ratio to determine the origin of salinization of groundwater: example of the plain of sous (Morocco)]. Comptes Rendus de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des sciences - series IIA. Earth Planet Sci 328(6):381\u2013386. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1251-8050(99)80103-7","journal-title":"Earth Planet Sci"},{"key":"1815_CR33","unstructured":"IAEA (1976) Procedure and technique critique for tritium enrichment by electrolysis at IAEA Laboratory. Technical Procedure n\u00b019. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna"},{"key":"1815_CR34","unstructured":"IAEA (2014) Groundwater Sampling Procedures for Isotope Hydrology. International Atomic Energy Agency. Water Resources Programme \n                    http:\/\/www-naweb.iaea.org\/napc\/ih\/documents\/other\/2014%20ENG%20Gw%20Sampling%20booklet%20-%20separate%20pages.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 27 June 2018"},{"key":"1815_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-006-0551-3","volume":"52","author":"M Jalali","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jalali M (2007) Salinization of groundwater in arid and semi-arid zones: an example from Tajarak, western Iran. Environ Geol 52:1133\u20131149. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00254-006-0551-3","journal-title":"Environ Geol"},{"key":"1815_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1694(02)00307-4","volume":"270","author":"Y Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim Y, Lee KS, Koh DC, Lee DH, Lee SG, Park WB, Koh GW, Woo NC (2003) Hydrogeochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization in a coastal aquifer: a case study in Jeju volcanic island. Korea J Hydrol 270:282\u2013294","journal-title":"Korea J Hydrol"},{"key":"1815_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2009.11.004","volume":"25","author":"JB Langman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Langman JB, Ellis AS (2010) A multi-isotope (\u03b4D, \u03b418O, 87Sr\/86Sr, and \u03b411B) approach for identifying saltwater intrusion and resolving groundwater evolution along the western Caprock escarpment of the southern High Plains, New Mexico. Appl Geochem 25:159\u2013174. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2009.11.004","journal-title":"Appl Geochem"},{"key":"1815_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.6028\/jres.105.043","volume":"105","author":"LL Lucas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lucas LL, Unterweger MP (2000) Comprehensive review and critical evaluation of the half-life of tritium. J Res Natl Inst Technol 105:541\u2013549","journal-title":"J Res Natl Inst Technol"},{"key":"1815_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-006-9189-8","volume":"178","author":"E Manno","year":"2007","unstructured":"Manno E, Vassallo M, Varrica D, Dongarr\u00e0 G, Hauser S (2007) Hydrogeochemistry and water balance in the coastal wetland area of \u201cBiviere di Gela\u201d Sicily, Italy. Water Air Soil Pollut 178:179\u2013193. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11270-006-9189-8","journal-title":"Water Air Soil Pollut"},{"key":"1815_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-002-0195-7","volume":"10","author":"DE Mart\u00ednez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez DE, Bocanegra EM (2002) Hydrogeochemistry and cation-exchange processes in the coastal aquifer of Mar Del Plata, Argentina. Hydrogeol J 10:393\u2013408. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-002-0195-7","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1815_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-5362(89)90009-2","volume":"9","author":"F. Medina","year":"1989","unstructured":"Medina F (1989) Landsat imagery interpretation of Essaouira basin (Morocco): comparison with geophysical data and structural implications. J Afr Earth Sci 9 (1): 69\u201375","journal-title":"Journal of African Earth Sciences (and the Middle East)"},{"key":"1815_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-010-1636-8","volume":"177","author":"NC Mondal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mondal NC, Singh VS, Saxena VK, Singh VP (2011) Assessment of seawater impact using major hydrochemical ions: a case study from Sadras, Tamilnadu, India. Environ Monit Assess 177:315\u2013335. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10661-010-1636-8","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"key":"1815_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(74)90078-8","volume":"22","author":"WG Mook","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mook WG, Bommerson JC, Staverman WH (1974) Carbon isotope fractionation between dissolved bicarbonate and gaseous carbon dioxide. Earth Planet Sci Lett 22:169\u2013176","journal-title":"Earth Planet Sci Lett"},{"key":"1815_CR44","first-page":"163","volume":"25","author":"S Ouhamdouch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ouhamdouch S, Bahir M, Chkir N, Carreira P, Goumih A (2015) Comportement hydrogeochimique d\u2019un aquifere cotier des zones semi-arides: cas de l\u2019aquifere Barremien-Aptien du bassin d\u2019Essaouira (Maroc occidental) [Hydrogeochemical behavior of a coastal aquifer in semi-arid zones: case of the Barremian-Aptian aquifer of the Essaouira basin (western Morocco)]. Larhyss J 25:163\u2013182","journal-title":"Larhyss J"},{"key":"1815_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeps.2016.12.038","volume":"17","author":"S Ouhamdoucha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ouhamdoucha S, Bahir M, Carreira PM (2017) Geochemical and isotopic tools to deciphering the origin of mineralization of the coastal aquifer of Essaouira basin, Morocco. Procedia Earth Planet Sci 17:73\u201376. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.proeps.2016.12.038","journal-title":"Procedia Earth Planet Sci"},{"key":"1815_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2006.03.001","volume":"21","author":"M Pennisi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pennisi M, Bianchini G, Muti A, Kloppmann W, Gonfiantini R (2006) Behaviour of boron and strontium isotopes in groundwater\u2013aquifer interactions in Cornia plain (Tuscany, Italy). Appl Geochem 21:1169\u20131183. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2006.03.001","journal-title":"Appl Geochem"},{"key":"1815_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1126\/science.262.5142.2016","volume":"262","author":"LN Plummer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Plummer LN (1993) Stable isotope enrichment in paleowaters of the Southeast Atlantic coastal plain, US. Science 262:2016\u20132020","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"1815_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2004.02.004","volume":"19","author":"Pablo Pulido-Leboeuf","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pulido-Leboeuf P (2004) Seawater intrusion and associated processes in a small coastal complex aquifer (C astell de Ferro, Spain). Appl Geochem 19:1517\u20131527","journal-title":"Applied Geochemistry"},{"issue":"7","key":"1815_CR49","first-page":"18","volume":"4","author":"EM Rachid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rachid EM, Bahir M, Chamchati H, Najiba C, Carreira PM, Naserrddin Y (2014) Using geochemical and isotope investigations for groundwater management strategies under semi-arid area: case of the Wadi Ouazzi basin (Morocco). J Environ Earth Sci 4(7):18\u201330","journal-title":"J Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"1815_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1080\/02626667.2011.597355","volume":"56","author":"V Re","year":"2011","unstructured":"Re V, Zuppi GM (2011) Influence of precipitation and deep saline groundwater on the hydrological systems of Mediterranean coastal plains: a general overview. Hydrol Sci J 56:966\u2013980. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02626667.2011.597355","journal-title":"Hydrol Sci J"},{"key":"1815_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2013.03.011","volume":"34","author":"V Re","year":"2013","unstructured":"Re V, Sacchi E, Martin-Bordes JL, Aureli A, El Hamouti N, Bouchnan R, Zuppi GM (2013) Processes affecting groundwater quality in arid zones: the case of the Bou-Areg coastal aquifer (North Morocco). Appl Geochem 34:181\u2013198. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apgeochem.2013.03.011","journal-title":"Appl Geochem"},{"key":"1815_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9622(85)90045-4","volume":"52","author":"K Rozanski","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rozanski K (1985) Deuterium and oxygen-18 in European groundwaters: links to atmospheric circulation in the past. Chem Geol (Isotope Geosci Sec) 52:349\u2013363","journal-title":"Chem Geol (Isotope Geosci Sec)"},{"key":"1815_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1126\/science.258.5084.981","volume":"258","author":"K Rozanski","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rozanski K, Aragu\u00e1s-Aragu\u00e1s L, Gonfiantini R (1992) Relation between long-term of oxygen-18 isotope composition of precipitation and climate. Science 258:981\u2013985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1815_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-3791(01)00110-X","volume":"21","author":"DP Schrag","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schrag DP, Adkins JF, McIntyre K, Alexander JL, Hodell DA, Charles CD, McManus JF (2002) The oxygen isotopic composition of seawater during the last glacial maximum. Quatern Sci Rev 21:331\u2013342","journal-title":"Quatern Sci Rev"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"1815_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s002540000196","volume":"40","author":"JA Shi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shi JA, Wang Q, Chen GJ, Wang GY, Zhang ZN (2001) Isotopic geochemistry of the groundwater system in arid and semiarid areas and its significance: a case study in Shiyang River basin, Gansu province, Northwest China. Environ Geol 40(4\u20135):557\u2013565. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002540000196","journal-title":"Environ Geol"},{"key":"1815_CR56","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es MMM (1998) Contribui\u00e7\u00e3o para o conhecimento hidrogeol\u00f3gico do cenozoico na Bacia do Baixo Tejo [Contribution to the hydrogeological knowledge of the Cenozoic in the Lower Tagus Basin]. PhD Thesis, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal"},{"key":"1815_CR57","first-page":"239","volume":"15","author":"M Sim\u00f5es","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es M (2003) On the hydrogeology of the Lower Tagus Basin and its Cenozoic geologic evolution. Ci\u00eancias Terra 15:239\u2013248","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancias Terra"},{"key":"1815_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2011.12.006","volume":"294-295","author":"S. Stadler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stadler S, S\u00fcltenfu J, Holl\u00e4nder HM, Bohn A, Jahnke C, Suckow A (2012) Isotopic and geochemical indicators for groundwater flow and multi-component mixing near disturbed salt anticlines. Chem Geol (294\u2013295):226\u2013242. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2011.12.006","journal-title":"Chemical Geology"},{"key":"1815_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1694(95)02712-2","volume":"174","author":"BS Sukhija","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sukhija BS, Varma VN, Nagabhushanam P, Reddy DV (1996) Differentiation of palaeomarine and modern seawater intruded salinities in coastal groundwaters (of Karaikal and Tanjavur, India) based on inorganic chemistry, organic biomarker fingerprints and radiocarbon dating. J Hydrol 174:173\u2013201","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"1815_CR60","unstructured":"Vogel JC, Talma AS, Heaton THE (1982) The age and isotopic composition of groundwater in the Stampriet artesian Basin, SWA National Physical Research Laboratory. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa"},{"key":"1815_CR61","unstructured":"webmineral.com (2016) Nitratine mineral data. \n                    http:\/\/webmineral.com\/data\/Nitratine.shtml#.VrHsa_mLSUk\n                    \n                  . Accessed December 2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"1815_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-009-0465-8","volume":"18","author":"AD Werner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Werner AD (2010) A review of seawater intrusion and its management in Australia. Hydrogeol J 18(1):281\u2013285. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-009-0465-8","journal-title":"Hydrogeol J"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s10040-018-1833-z","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532304000000}}],"container-title":["Hydrogeology Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10040-018-1815-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10040-018-1815-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10040-018-1815-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,28]],"date-time":"2019-06-28T19:28:43Z","timestamp":1561750123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10040-018-1815-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1815"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10040-018-1815-1","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s10040-018-1833-z","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1431-2174","1435-0157"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1431-2174","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-0157","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 September 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2018","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Editor\u2019s Note: The country map in Fig.\u00a01a was published following the policy of Hydrogeology Journal to display country names and borders, in accordance with United Nations guidance: .","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}