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No age, breed or apparatus-directed behavior differences were found. However, when exposed to fear chemosignals, dogs\u2019 behavior towards their owners, and their stress signals lasted longer when compared to being exposed to happiness as well as control chemosignals. In the happy odor condition, females, in contrast to males, displayed a significantly higher interest to the stranger compared to their owner. In the fear condition, dogs spent more time with their owner compared to the stranger. Behaviors directed towards the door, indicative of exit interest, had a longer duration in the fear condition than the other two conditions. Female dogs revealed a significantly longer door-directed behavior in the fear condition compared to the control condition. Overall the data shows that the effect of exposure to human emotional chemosignals is not sex dependent for behaviors related to the apparatus, the owner or the stress behaviors; however, in the happiness condition, females showed a stronger tendency to interact with the stranger.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-021-01473-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T09:03:07Z","timestamp":1610960587000},"page":"299-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Sex differences in the behavioral responses of dogs exposed to human chemosignals of fear and happiness"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Biagio","family":"D\u2019Aniello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Fierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Scandurra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Pinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Aria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G\u00fcn R.","family":"Semin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1473_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2019.06.005","volume":"218","author":"A Alterisio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alterisio A, Scandurra A, Eatherington CJ, Marinelli L, D\u2019Aniello B, Mongillo P (2019) You can\u2019t see, when I do: a study on social attention in guide dogs. 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