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The current study investigated social referencing in cats when exposed to first, a solvable, and then, an unsolvable scenario (i.e., reachable and unreachable treats) in the presence of either an attentive or an inattentive caregiver. Cats expressed more gaze alternation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.013), but less interaction with the caregiver (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048) and approached the treat container less frequently (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) during the unsolvable test, compared to the solvable test. When in the presence of an attentive caregiver, cats initiated first gaze at the caregiver faster (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001); gazed at the caregiver for longer (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034); and approached the treat more frequently (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.040), compared to when the caregiver was inattentive. Significant interaction was observed between test and caregiver\u2019s attentional state on the expression of sequential behavior, a type of showing behavior. Cats exhibited this behavior marginally more with attentive caregivers, compared to inattentive caregivers, but only during the unsolvable test. There was a decrease in sequential behavior during the unsolvable test, compared to solvable test, but this was only seen with inattentive caregivers (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018). Our results suggest that gaze alternation is a behavior reliably indicating social referencing in cats and that cats\u2019 social communication with humans is affected by the person\u2019s availability for visual interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10071-021-01503-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T14:02:56Z","timestamp":1617372176000},"page":"1109-1119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Feline communication strategies when presented with an unsolvable task: the attentional state of the person matters"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lingna","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie B.","family":"Needham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Juma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1322-433X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1503_CR1","unstructured":"American Veterinary Medical Association (2017\u20132018) AVMA Pet Ownership and Demographics Sourcebook. 2017\u20132018 edition. https:\/\/www.avma.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/AVMA-Pet-Demographics-Executive-Summary.pdf. 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