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The present study reviewed the effectiveness of VR in rehabilitation of patients with PD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Literature search up to June 2019 identified ten studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 343 participants) suitable for meta-analysis and 27 studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 688 participants) for systematic review. Standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In meta-analysis, compared with active rehabilitation intervention, VR training led to greater improvement of stride length, SMD = 0.70 (95%CI = 0.32\u20131.08,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0003), and was as effective for gait speed, balance and co-ordination, cognitive function and mental health, quality of life and activities of daily living. Compared with passive rehabilitation intervention, VR had greater effects on balance: SMD = 1.02 (95%CI = 0.38\u20131.65,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). Results from single randomised controlled trials showed that VR training was better than passive rehabilitation intervention for improving gait speed SMD = 1.43 (95%CI = 0.51\u20132.34,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002), stride length SMD = 1.27 (95%CI = 0.38\u20132.16,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.005) and activities of daily living SMD = 0.96 (95%CI = 0.02\u20131.89). Systematic review showed that VR training significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) improved motor function, balance and co-ordination, cognitive function and mental health, and quality of life and activities of daily living.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VR used in rehabilitation for patients with PD improves a number of outcomes and may be considered for routine use in rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-04144-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T23:53:35Z","timestamp":1575590015000},"page":"529-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["The role of virtual reality on outcomes in rehabilitation of Parkinson\u2019s disease: meta-analysis and systematic review in 1031 participants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Triegaardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2570-0938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thang S.","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charif","family":"Sada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sapna","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4144_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70373-8","volume":"5","author":"KR Chaudhuri","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chaudhuri KR, Healy DG, Schapira AH (2006) Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson\u2019s disease: diagnosis and management. 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