{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:41:36Z","timestamp":1773283296301,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,21]],"date-time":"2013-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366502400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1872-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,20]],"date-time":"2013-04-20T10:40:17Z","timestamp":1366454417000},"page":"1269-1283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["High prevalence of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the community in Portugal: evidence for the blurring of community\u2013hospital boundaries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"name":"CA-MRSA\/MSSA working group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Miragaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Rolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Lencastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00081-09","volume":"23","author":"MZ David","year":"2010","unstructured":"David MZ, Daum RS (2010) Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic. Clin Microbiol Rev 23:616\u2013687","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1872_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00858.x","volume":"9","author":"C Burlak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burlak C, Hammer CH, Robinson MA, Whitney AR, McGavin MJ, Kreiswirth BN et al (2007) Global analysis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exoproteins reveals molecules produced in vitro and during infection. Cell Microbiol 9:1172\u20131190","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1086\/590157","volume":"198","author":"CP Montgomery","year":"2008","unstructured":"Montgomery CP, Boyle-Vavra S, Adem PV, Lee JC, Husain AN, Clasen J et al (2008) Comparison of virulence in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pulsotypes USA300 and USA400 in a rat model of pneumonia. J Infect Dis 198:561\u2013570","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1656","volume":"13","author":"R Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang R, Braughton KR, Kretschmer D, Bach TH, Queck SY, Li M et al (2007) Identification of novel cytolytic peptides as key virulence determinants for community-associated MRSA. Nat Med 13:1510\u20131514","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1872_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.043513-0","volume":"61","author":"RR Watkins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Watkins RR, David MZ, Salata RA (2012) Current concepts on the virulence mechanisms of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol 61:1179\u20131193","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(93)90100-E","volume":"25","author":"EE Udo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Udo EE, Pearman JW, Grubb WB (1993) Genetic analysis of community isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Western Australia. J Hosp Infect 25:97\u2013108","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1872_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4735","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4735-4743.2004","volume":"42","author":"GW Coombs","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coombs GW, Nimmo GR, Bell JM, Huygens F, O\u2019Brien FG, Malkowski MJ et al (2004) Genetic diversity among community methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains causing outpatient infections in Australia. J Clin Microbiol 42:4735\u20134743","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.12.1123","volume":"282","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1999","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1999) Four pediatric deaths from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus\u2014Minnesota and North Dakota, 1997\u20131999. JAMA 282:1123\u20131125","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1872_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.15.1763","volume":"298","author":"RM Klevens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klevens RM, Morrison MA, Nadle J, Petit S, Gershman K, Ray S et al (2007) Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in the United States. JAMA 298:1763\u20131771","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1872_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.5.2027-2032.2003","volume":"41","author":"M Aires de Sousa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aires de Sousa M, Bartzavali C, Spiliopoulou I, Sanches IS, Cris\u00f3stomo MI, de Lencastre H (2003) Two international methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones endemic in a university hospital in Patras, Greece. J Clin Microbiol 41:2027\u20132032","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1105.040866","volume":"11","author":"L Armand-Lefevre","year":"2005","unstructured":"Armand-Lefevre L, Ruimy R, Andremont A (2005) Clonal comparison of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from healthy pig farmers, human controls, and pigs. Emerg Infect Dis 11:711\u2013714","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1703.101036","volume":"17","author":"BA Cleef van","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Cleef BA, Monnet DL, Voss A, Krziwanek K, Allerberger F, Struelens M et al (2011) Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in humans, Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 17:502\u2013505","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6216","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006216","volume":"4","author":"J Fan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fan J, Shu M, Zhang G, Zhou W, Jiang Y, Zhu Y et al (2009) Biogeography and virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 4:e6216","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1872_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.10.006","volume":"128","author":"T Khanna","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khanna T, Friendship R, Dewey C, Weese JS (2008) Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in pigs and pig farmers. Vet Microbiol 128:298\u2013303","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2012.08.003","volume":"15","author":"JR Mediavilla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mediavilla JR, Chen L, Mathema B, Kreiswirth BN (2012) Global epidemiology of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Curr Opin Microbiol 15:588\u2013595","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03822.x","volume":"18","author":"GR Nimmo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nimmo GR (2012) USA300 abroad: global spread of a virulent strain of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Infect 18:725\u2013734","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1872_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34768","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034768","volume":"7","author":"J Rolo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rolo J, Miragaia M, Turlej-Rogacka A, Empel J, Bouchami O, Faria NA et al (2012) High genetic diversity among community-associated Staphylococcus aureus in Europe: results from a multicenter study. PLoS One 7:e34768","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1872_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017936","volume":"6","author":"S Monecke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Monecke S, Coombs G, Shore AC, Coleman DC, Akpaka P, Borg M et al (2011) A field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 6:e17936","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1872_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq067","volume":"52","author":"K Chua","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chua K, Laurent F, Coombs G, Grayson ML, Howden BP (2011) Antimicrobial resistance: not community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)! A clinician\u2019s guide to community MRSA\u2014its evolving antimicrobial resistance and implications for therapy. Clin Infect Dis 52:99\u2013114","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19688","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.41.19688-en","volume":"15","author":"R K\u00f6ck","year":"2010","unstructured":"K\u00f6ck R, Becker K, Cookson B, van Gemert-Pijnen JE, Harbarth S, Kluytmans J et al (2010) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): burden of disease and control challenges in Europe. Euro Surveill 15:19688","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"1872_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055356","volume":"355","author":"GJ Moran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moran GJ, Krishnadasan A, Gorwitz RJ, Fosheim GE, McDougal LK, Carey RB et al (2006) Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections among patients in the emergency department. N Engl J Med 355:666\u2013674","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1872_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01934.x","volume":"14","author":"A Manzur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Manzur A, Dominguez AM, Pujol M, Gonz\u00e1lez MP, Limon E, Hornero A et al (2008) Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: an emerging threat in Spain. Clin Microbiol Infect 14:377\u2013380","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1872_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01557-08","volume":"47","author":"AR Larsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Larsen AR, Stegger M, B\u00f6cher S, S\u00f8rum M, Monnet DL, Skov RL (2009) Emergence and characterization of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus infections in Denmark, 1999 to 2006. J Clin Microbiol 47:73\u201378","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm384","volume":"60","author":"W Witte","year":"2007","unstructured":"Witte W, Strommenger B, Cuny C, Heuck D, Nuebel U (2007) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus containing the Panton\u2013Valentine leucocidin gene in Germany in 2005 and 2006. J Antimicrob Chemother 60:1258\u20131263","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.06.016","volume":"34","author":"A Marchese","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marchese A, Gualco L, Maioli E, Debbia E (2009) Molecular analysis and susceptibility patterns of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains circulating in the community in the Ligurian area, a northern region of Italy: emergence of USA300 and EMRSA-15 clones. Int J Antimicrob Agents 34:424\u2013428","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"1872_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00692-08","volume":"46","author":"M Aires-de-Sousa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aires-de-Sousa M, Correia B, de Lencastre H; Multilaboratory Project Collaborators (2008) Changing patterns in frequency of recovery of five methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in portuguese hospitals: surveillance over a 16-year period. J Clin Microbiol 46:2912\u20132917","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-110","volume":"10","author":"DA Tavares","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tavares DA, S\u00e1-Le\u00e3o R, Miragaia M, de Lencastre H (2010) Large screening of CA-MRSA among Staphylococcus aureus colonizing healthy young children living in two areas (urban and rural) of Portugal. BMC Infect Dis 10:110","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1089\/10766290152652783","volume":"7","author":"R S\u00e1-Le\u00e3o","year":"2001","unstructured":"S\u00e1-Le\u00e3o R, Sanches IS, Couto I, Alves CR, de Lencastre H (2001) Low prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains among Staphylococcus aureus colonizing young and healthy members of the community in Portugal. Microb Drug Resist 7:237\u2013245","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"1872_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1087-8","volume":"30","author":"T Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2011","unstructured":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o T, Aires-de-Sousa M, Pona N, Brito MJ, Barradas C, Coelho R et al (2011) High prevalence of ST121 in community-associated methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus lineages responsible for skin and soft tissue infections in Portuguese children. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 30:293\u2013297","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppneu.2011.05.007","volume":"18","author":"R Nazareth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nazareth R, Gon\u00e7alves-Pereira J, Tavares A, Miragaia M, de Lencastre H, Silvestre J et al (2012) Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Portugal. Rev Port Pneumol 18:34\u201338","journal-title":"Rev Port Pneumol"},{"key":"1872_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.02.019","volume":"34","author":"C Pomba","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pomba C, Hasman H, Cavaco LM, da Fonseca JD, Aarestrup FM (2009) First description of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) CC30 and CC398 from swine in Portugal. Int J Antimicrob Agents 34:193\u2013194","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"1872_CR32","unstructured":"The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (1998) Decision No 2119\/98\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 September 1998: setting up a network for the epidemiological surveillance and control of communicable diseases in the Community. Official J Eur Communities L 268\/1. Available online at: http:\/\/eurlex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31998D2119:EN:HTML"},{"key":"1872_CR33","unstructured":"The Commission of the European Communities (2000) Commission decision of 22 December 1999 on the communicable diseases to be progressively covered by the Community network under decision number 2119\/98\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council. Official J Eur Communities L 28\/50. Available online at: http:\/\/eurlex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2000:028:0050:0053:EN:PDF"},{"key":"1872_CR34","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2009) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Nineteenth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S19. CLSI, Wayne, PA"},{"key":"1872_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.7.2155-2161.2002","volume":"46","author":"DC Oliveira","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H (2002) Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:2155\u20132161","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1086\/313461","volume":"29","author":"G Lina","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lina G, Pi\u00e9mont Y, Godail-Gamot F, Bes M, Peter MO, Gauduchon V et al (1999) Involvement of Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 29:1128\u20131132","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3374","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00275-07","volume":"51","author":"C Milheiri\u00e7o","year":"2007","unstructured":"Milheiri\u00e7o C, Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H (2007) Update to the multiplex PCR strategy for assignment of mec element types in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:3374\u20133377","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4289","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4289-4294.2002","volume":"40","author":"K Okuma","year":"2002","unstructured":"Okuma K, Iwakawa K, Turnidge JD, Grubb WB, Bell JM, O\u2019Brien FG et al (2002) Dissemination of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in the community. J Clin Microbiol 40:4289\u20134294","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl208","volume":"58","author":"DC Oliveira","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oliveira DC, Milheiri\u00e7o C, Vinga S, de Lencastre H (2006) Assessment of allelic variation in the ccrAB locus in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones. J Antimicrob Chemother 58:23\u201330","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.7.2637-2651.2004","volume":"48","author":"T Ito","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ito T, Ma XX, Takeuchi F, Okuma K, Yuzawa H, Hiramatsu K (2004) Novel type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec driven by a novel cassette chromosome recombinase, ccrC. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 48:2637\u20132651","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm112","volume":"60","author":"C Milheiri\u00e7o","year":"2007","unstructured":"Milheiri\u00e7o C, Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H (2007) Multiplex PCR strategy for subtyping the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: \u2018SCCmec IV multiplex\u2019. J Antimicrob Chemother 60:42\u201348","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2000.6.189","volume":"6","author":"M Chung","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chung M, de Lencastre H, Matthews P, Tomasz A, Adamsson I, Aires de Sousa M et al (2000) Molecular typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: comparison of results obtained in a multilaboratory effort using identical protocols and MRSA strains. Microb Drug Resist 6:189\u2013198","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"1872_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01684-07","volume":"46","author":"NA Faria","year":"2008","unstructured":"Faria NA, Carrico JA, Oliveira DC, Ramirez M, de Lencastre H (2008) Analysis of typing methods for epidemiological surveillance of both methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains. J Clin Microbiol 46:136\u2013144","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.44.5.1875-1876.2006","volume":"44","author":"CC Bens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bens CC, Voss A, Klaassen CH (2006) Presence of a novel DNA methylation enzyme in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with pig farming leads to uninterpretable results in standard pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. J Clin Microbiol 44:1875\u20131876","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3556-3563.1999","volume":"37","author":"B Shopsin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shopsin B, Gomez M, Montgomery SO, Smith DH, Waddington M, Dodge DE et al (1999) Evaluation of protein A gene polymorphic region DNA sequencing for typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains. J Clin Microbiol 37:3556\u20133563","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-7-98","volume":"7","author":"A Mellmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mellmann A, Weniger T, Berssenbr\u00fcgge C, Rothg\u00e4nger J, Sammeth M, Stoye J et al (2007) Based Upon Repeat Pattern (BURP): an algorithm to characterize the long-term evolution of Staphylococcus aureus populations based on spa polymorphisms. BMC Microbiol 7:98","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000","volume":"38","author":"MC Enright","year":"2000","unstructured":"Enright MC, Day NP, Davies CE, Peacock SJ, Spratt BG (2000) Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 38:1008\u20131015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1086\/587907","volume":"197","author":"BA Diep","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diep BA, Stone GG, Basuino L, Graber CJ, Miller A, des Etages SA et al (2008) The arginine catabolic mobile element and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec linkage: convergence of virulence and resistance in the USA300 clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Dis 197:1523\u20131530","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68231-7","volume":"367","author":"BA Diep","year":"2006","unstructured":"Diep BA, Gill SR, Chang RF, Phan TH, Chen JH, Davidson MG et al (2006) Complete genome sequence of USA300, an epidemic clone of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 367:731\u2013739","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1872_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/163688a0","volume":"163","author":"EH Simpson","year":"1949","unstructured":"Simpson EH (1949) Measurement of diversity. Nature 163:688","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1872_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2009.0881","volume":"15","author":"ML Amorim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amorim ML, Vasconcelos C, Oliveira DC, Azevedo A, Calado E, Faria NA et al (2009) Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization among patients and healthcare workers in a Portuguese hospital: a pre-intervention study toward the control of MRSA. Microb Drug Resist 15:19\u201326","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"1872_CR52","unstructured":"Vourli S, Vagiakou H, Ganteris G, Orfanidou M, Polemis M, Vatopoulos A et al (2009) High rates of community-acquired, Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin (PVL)- positive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections in adult outpatients in Greece. Euro Surveill 14. pii: 19089"},{"key":"1872_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2009.01.011","volume":"40","author":"S Thibaut","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thibaut S, Caillon J, Huart C, Grandjean G, Lombrail P, Potel G et al (2010) Susceptibility to the main antibiotics of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains identified in community acquired infections in France (MedQual, 2004\u20132007). Med Mal Infect 40:74\u201380","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"1872_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02830.x","volume":"16","author":"M Daskalaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Daskalaki M, Rojo P, Marin-Ferrer M, Barrios M, Otero JR, Chaves F (2010) Panton\u2013Valentine leukocidin-positive Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections among children in an emergency department in Madrid, Spain. Clin Microbiol Infect 16:74\u201377","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1872_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2009.03.007","volume":"39","author":"S Maugat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maugat S, de Rougemont A, Aubry-Damon H, Reverdy ME, Georges S, Vandenesch F et al (2009) Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among a network of French private-sector community-based-medical laboratories. Med Mal Infect 39:311\u2013318","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"1872_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2012.10.003","volume":"302","author":"M Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Dom\u00ednguez M, Seral C, S\u00e1enz Y, Salvo S, Gude MJ, Porres-Osante N et al (2012) Epidemiological features, resistance genes, and clones among community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CO-MRSA) isolates detected in northern Spain. Int J Med Microbiol 302:320\u2013326","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.11.011","volume":"83","author":"C Horner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horner C, Parnell P, Hall D, Kearns A, Heritage J, Wilcox M (2013) Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in elderly residents of care homes: colonization rates and molecular epidemiology. J Hosp Infect 83:212\u2013218","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1872_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01756-10","volume":"55","author":"AC Shore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shore AC, Rossney AS, Brennan OM, Kinnevey PM, Humphreys H, Sullivan DJ et al (2011) Characterization of a novel arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec composite island with significant homology to Staphylococcus epidermidis ACME type II in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genotype ST22-MRSA-IV. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 55:1896\u20131905","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(93)90007-M","volume":"25","author":"JF Richardson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Richardson JF, Reith S (1993) Characterization of a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (EMRSA-15) by conventional and molecular methods. J Hosp Infect 25:45\u201352","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1872_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dki266","volume":"56","author":"AP Johnson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnson AP, Pearson A, Duckworth G (2005) Surveillance and epidemiology of MRSA bacteraemia in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother 56:455\u2013462","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.1.143","volume":"48","author":"AP Johnson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Johnson AP, Aucken HM, Cavendish S, Ganner M, Wale MC, Warner M et al (2001) Dominance of EMRSA-15 and -16 among MRSA causing nosocomial bacteraemia in the UK: analysis of isolates from the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS). J Antimicrob Chemother 48:143\u2013144","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143485.x","volume":"174","author":"JW Pearman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pearman JW, Coombs GW, Grubb WB, O\u2019Brien F (2001) A British epidemic strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (UK EMRSA-15) in Western Australia. Med J Aust 174:662","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"1872_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S1438-4221(01)80006-0","volume":"290","author":"W Witte","year":"2001","unstructured":"Witte W, Enright M, Schmitz FJ, Cuny C, Braulke C, Heuck D (2001) Characteristics of a new epidemic MRSA in Germany ancestral to United Kingdom EMRSA 15. Int J Med Microbiol 290:677\u2013682","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2923-2925.2005","volume":"43","author":"LY Hsu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hsu LY, Koh TH, Singh K, Kang ML, Kurup A, Tan BH (2005) Dissemination of multisusceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Singapore. J Clin Microbiol 43:2923\u20132925","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR65","first-page":"E060803.6","volume":"11","author":"O Melter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Melter O, Urb\u00e1skov\u00e1 P, Jakub\u016f V, Mackov\u00e1 B, Zemlickov\u00e1 H; Czech participants in EARSS (2006) Emergence of EMRSA-15 clone in hospitals throughout the Czech Republic. Euro Surveill 11:E060803.6","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"1872_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2881","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00603-07","volume":"45","author":"ML Amorim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amorim ML, Faria NA, Oliveira DC, Vasconcelos C, Cabeda JC, Mendes AC et al (2007) Changes in the clonal nature and antibiotic resistance profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with spread of the EMRSA-15 clone in a tertiary care Portuguese hospital. J Clin Microbiol 45:2881\u20132888","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1836-1842.2005","volume":"43","author":"NA Faria","year":"2005","unstructured":"Faria NA, Oliveira DC, Westh H, Monnet DL, Larsen AR, Skov R et al (2005) Epidemiology of emerging methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Denmark: a nationwide study in a country with low prevalence of MRSA infection. J Clin Microbiol 43:1836\u20131842","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/00313020600699227","volume":"38","author":"IB Gosbell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gosbell IB, Barbagiannakos T, Neville SA, Mercer JL, Vickery AM, O\u2019Brien FG et al (2006) Non-multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia in Sydney, Australia: emergence of EMRSA-15, Oceania, Queensland and Western Australian MRSA strains. Pathology 38:239\u2013244","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"1872_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4649-4656.2004","volume":"42","author":"E P\u00e9rez-Roth","year":"2004","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Roth E, Lorenzo-D\u00edaz F, Batista N, Moreno A, M\u00e9ndez-Alvarez S (2004) Tracking methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones during a 5-year period (1998 to 2002) in a Spanish hospital. J Clin Microbiol 42:4649\u20134656","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1872_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2010.0080","volume":"17","author":"C Coelho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coelho C, Torres C, Radhouani H, Pinto L, Lozano C, G\u00f3mez-Sanz E et al (2011) Molecular detection and characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from dogs in Portugal. Microb Drug Resist 17:333\u2013337","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"1872_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17630","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017630","volume":"6","author":"RR Sim\u00f5es","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es RR, Aires-de-Sousa M, Concei\u00e7\u00e3o T, Antunes F, da Costa PM, de Lencastre H (2011) High prevalence of EMRSA-15 in Portuguese public buses: a worrisome finding. PLoS One 6:e17630","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1872_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holden MT, Hsu LY, Kurt K, Weinert LA, Mather AE, Harris SR et al (2013) A genomic portrait of the emergence, evolution, and global spread of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pandemic. Genome Res. [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.147710.112"},{"key":"1872_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-011-1536-z","volume":"31","author":"A Horv\u00e1th","year":"2012","unstructured":"Horv\u00e1th A, Dobay O, Kardos S, Ghid\u00e1n \u00c1, T\u00f3th \u00c1, P\u00e1szti J et al (2012) Varying fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones governs clonal dynamic of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31:2029\u20132036","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1872_CR74","unstructured":"European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption (ESAC) (2010) ESAC Yearbook 2008\u2014ESAC document prepared by the ESAC Management Team, the ESAC Scientific Advisory Board and the ESAC National Networks. University of Antwerp. Home page at: http:\/\/www.esac.ua.ac.be"},{"key":"1872_CR75","unstructured":"Relat\u00f3rio Inqu\u00e9rito de Preval\u00eancia de Infe\u00e7\u00e3o (2010) Programa Nacional de Preven\u00e7\u00e3o e Controlo da Infe\u00e7\u00e3o Associada aos Cuidados de Sa\u00fade. Departamento da Qualidade na Sa\u00fade. Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Geral da Sa\u00fade. Home page at: http:\/\/www.dgs.pt\/"},{"key":"1872_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.03.008","volume":"78","author":"JJ Parienti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parienti JJ, Cattoir V, Thibon P, Lebouvier G, Verdon R, Daubin C et al (2011) Hospital-wide modification of fluoroquinolone policy and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus rates: a 10-year interrupted time-series analysis. J Hosp Infect 78:118\u2013122","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"1872_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr555","volume":"67","author":"M Lafaurie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lafaurie M, Porcher R, Donay JL, Touratier S, Molina JM (2012) Reduction of fluoroquinolone use is associated with a decrease in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation rates: a 10\u00a0year study. J Antimicrob Chemother 67:1010\u20131015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.6.1449","volume":"43","author":"T Ito","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ito T, Katayama Y, Hiramatsu K (1999) Cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the entire mec DNA of pre-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus N315. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43:1449\u20131458","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1872_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2012.02959.x","volume":"121","author":"L Hedlund","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hedlund L, Hellmark B, S\u00f6derquist B (2013) Presence of arginine catabolic mobile element among community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is linked to a specific genetic background. APMIS 121:221\u2013225","journal-title":"APMIS"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-013-1872-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10096-013-1872-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10096-013-1872-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T14:04:15Z","timestamp":1595685855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10096-013-1872-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,21]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-013-1872-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0934-9723","1435-4373"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0934-9723","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-4373","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,21]]}}}