{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:23:28Z","timestamp":1778757808836,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.05400.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05400.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10.54499\/2020.01522.CEECIND\/CP1612\/CT0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10.54499\/2020.01522.CEECIND\/CP1612\/CT0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD091153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD091153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006752","name":"Universidade do Porto","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomech Model Mechanobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Successful pregnancy highly depends on the complex interaction between the uterine body, cervix, and fetal membrane. This interaction is synchronized, usually following a specific sequence in normal vaginal deliveries: (1) cervical ripening, (2) uterine contractions, and (3) rupture of fetal membrane. The complex interaction between the cervix, fetal membrane, and uterine contractions before the onset of labor is investigated using a complete third-trimester gravid model of the uterus, cervix, fetal membrane, and abdomen. Through a series of numerical simulations, we investigate the mechanical impact of (i) initial cervical shape, (ii) cervical stiffness, (iii) cervical contractions, and (iv) intrauterine pressure. The findings of this work reveal several key observations: (i) maximum principal stress values in the cervix decrease in more dilated, shorter, and softer cervices; (ii) reduced cervical stiffness produces increased cervical dilation, larger cervical opening, and decreased cervical length; (iii) the initial cervical shape impacts final cervical dimensions; (iv) cervical contractions increase the maximum principal stress values and change the stress distributions; (v) cervical contractions potentiate cervical shortening and dilation; (vi) larger intrauterine pressure (IUP) causes considerably larger stress values and cervical opening, larger dilation, and smaller cervical length; and (vii) the biaxial strength of the fetal membrane is only surpassed in the cases of the (1) shortest and most dilated initial cervical geometry and (2) larger IUP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-024-01853-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T07:02:01Z","timestamp":1715929321000},"page":"1531-1550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pregnancy state before the onset of labor: a holistic mechanical perspective"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Fidalgo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renato M. Natal","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco P. L.","family":"Parente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erin M.","family":"Louwagie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Malanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dulce A.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1853_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez139","volume":"34","author":"Y Abbas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbas Y, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Gardner L, Thomas J, Brosens JJ, Moffett A, Sharkey AM, Franze K, Burton GJ, Oyen ML (2019) Tissue stiffness at the human maternal-fetal interface. Hum Reprod 34:1999\u20132008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dez139","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1853_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.11.020","volume":"27","author":"S Badir","year":"2013","unstructured":"Badir S, Bajka M, Mazza E (2013) A novel procedure for the mechanical characterization of the uterine cervix during pregnancy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 27:143\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.11.020","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"1853_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-00892-4","volume":"29","author":"CE Barnum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barnum CE, Shetye SS, Fazelinia H, Garcia BA, Fang S, Alzamora M, Li H, Brown LM, Tang C, Myers K, Wapner R, Soslowsky LJ, Vink JY (2022) The non-pregnant and pregnant human cervix: a systematic proteomic analysis. Reprod Sci 29:1542\u20131559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43032-022-00892-4","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"1853_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2011.09.016","volume":"107","author":"LF Bastos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bastos LF, van Meurs W, Ayres-de-Campos D (2012) A model for educational simulation of the evolution of uterine contractions during labor. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 107:242\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2011.09.016","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"1853_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2017.25.8.491","volume":"25","author":"K Bhogal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhogal K (2017) Focus on cardiotocography: intrapartum monitoring of uterine contractions. Br J Midwifery 25:491\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjom.2017.25.8.491","journal-title":"Br J Midwifery"},{"key":"1853_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.04.001","volume":"45","author":"JA Bisplinghoff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bisplinghoff JA, Kemper AR, Duma SM (2012) Dynamic material properties of the pregnant human uterus. J Biomech 45:1724\u20131727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2012.04.001","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"1853_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(98)90092-3","volume":"19","author":"GD Bryant-Greenwood","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bryant-Greenwood GD (1998) The extracellular matrix of the human fetal membranes: structure and function. Placenta 19:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0143-4004(98)90092-3","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"1853_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.05.018","volume":"46","author":"W Buerzle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buerzle W, Mazza E (2013) On the deformation behavior of human amnion. J Biomech 46:1777\u20131783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.05.018","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"1853_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-012-0438-z","volume":"12","author":"W Buerzle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Buerzle W, Haller CM, Jabareen M, Egger J, Mallik AS, Ochsenbein-Koelble N, Ehrbar M, Mazza E (2012) Multiaxial mechanical behavior of human fetal membranes and its relationship to microstructure. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 12:747\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-012-0438-z","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"key":"1853_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.04.005","volume":"111","author":"R Buttin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buttin R, Zara F, Shariat B, Redarce T, Grang\u00e9 G (2013) Biomechanical simulation of the fetal descent without imposed theoretical trajectory. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 111:389\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.04.005","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"1853_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.2196","volume":"88","author":"BF De Ara\u00fajo","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Ara\u00fajo BF, Zatti H, Madi JM, Coelho MB, Olmi FB, Canabarro CT (2012) Analysis of neonatal morbidity and mortality in late-preterm newborn infants. J Pediatr (Rio J) 88:259\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2223\/JPED.2196","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"key":"1853_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.033647","volume":"72","author":"M El Khwad","year":"2005","unstructured":"El Khwad M, Stetzer B, Moore RM, Kumar D, Mercer B, Arikat S, Redline RW, Mansour JM, Moore JJ (2005) Term human fetal membranes have a weak zone overlying the lower uterine pole and cervix before onset of labor. Biol Reprod 72:720\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.104.033647","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"1853_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2015.1033163","volume":"19","author":"M Fernandez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fernandez M, House M, Jambawalikar S, Zork N, Vink J, Wapner R, Myers K (2016) Investigating the mechanical function of the cervix during pregnancy using finite element models derived from high-resolution 3D MRI. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 19:404\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10255842.2015.1033163","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin"},{"key":"1853_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2022.105250","author":"DS Fidalgo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fidalgo DS, Borges M, Pouca MCPV, Oliveira DA, Malanowska E, Myers KM (2022) On the effect of irregular uterine activity during a vaginal delivery using an electro-chemo-mechanical constitutive model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2022.105250","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"1853_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.106344","volume":"150","author":"DS Fidalgo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fidalgo DS, Samimi K, Oyen ML, Skala MC, Jorge RMN, Parente MPL, Malanowska E, Oliveira DA, Myers KM (2024) Development of a multilayer fetal membrane material model calibrated using bulge inflation mechanical tests. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 150:106344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2023.106344","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"1853_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2011.08.001","author":"K Flood","year":"2012","unstructured":"Flood K, Malone FD (2012) Prevention of preterm birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2011.08.001","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"1853_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-020-02718-3","volume":"49","author":"MJ Grimm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grimm MJ (2021) Forces involved with labor and delivery\u2014a biomechanical perspective. Ann Biomed Eng 49:1819\u20131835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-020-02718-3","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1853_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318253d7aa","volume":"119","author":"LM Harper","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harper LM, Caughey AB, Odibo AO, Roehl KA, Zhao Q, Cahill AG (2012) Normal progress of induced labor. Obstet Gynecol 119:1113\u20131118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318253d7aa","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1853_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.09.009","volume":"30","author":"S Ilancheran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ilancheran S, Moodley Y, Manuelpillai U (2009) Human fetal membranes: a source of stem cells for tissue regeneration and repair? Placenta 30:2\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2008.09.009","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"1853_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.032","volume":"144","author":"M Jabareen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jabareen M, Mallik AS, Bilic G, Zisch AH, Mazza E (2009) Relation between mechanical properties and microstructure of human fetal membranes: an attempt towards a quantitative analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 144(Suppl):134\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.032","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"1853_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1177\/10668969221134691","volume":"31","author":"SI Kitamura","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kitamura SI, Yoshida H, Kobayashi-Kato M, Kikkawa N, Tanase Y, Uno M, Ishikawa M, Kato T (2023) Adenoid basal carcinoma with adenoid cystic carcinoma component of the uterine cervix: a case report and literature review. Int J Surg Pathol 31:819\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10668969221134691","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"1853_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242118","author":"EM Louwagie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Louwagie EM, Carlson L, Over V, Mao L, Fang S, Westervelt A, Vink J, Hall T, Feltovich H, Myers K (2021) Longitudinal ultrasonic dimensions and parametric solid models of the gravid uterus and cervix. PLoS One. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0242118","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1853_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb11908.x","volume":"101","author":"TM Malak","year":"1994","unstructured":"Malak TM, Bell SC (1994) Structural characteristics of term human fetal membranes: a novel zone of extreme morphological alteration within the rupture site. BJOG 101:375\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1994.tb11908.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"1853_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-015-0739-0","volume":"15","author":"A Mauri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mauri A, Ehret AE, De Focatiis DSA, Mazza E (2016a) A model for the compressible, viscoelastic behavior of human amnion addressing tissue variability through a single parameter. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 15:1005\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-015-0739-0","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"key":"1853_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.11.009","volume":"58","author":"A Mauri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mauri A, Hopf R, Ehret AE, Picu CR, Mazza E (2016b) A discrete network model to represent the deformation behavior of human amnion. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 58:45\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.11.009","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"1853_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4260","author":"E Mazza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mazza E, Parra-Saavedra M, Bajka M, Gratacos E, Nicolaides K, Deprest J (2014) In vivo assessment of the biomechanical properties of the uterine cervix in pregnancy. Prenat Diagn. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pd.4260","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"1853_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444317619.ch19","volume":"101","author":"BM Mercer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mercer BM (2010) Preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Preterm Birth: Prevent Manag 101:217\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781444317619.ch19","journal-title":"Preterm Birth: Prevent Manag"},{"key":"1853_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140","volume":"379","author":"MK Mwaniki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mwaniki MK, Atieno M, Lawn JE, Newton CRJC (2012) Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after intrauterine and neonatal insults: a systematic review. Lancet 379:445\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1853_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.008","author":"K Myers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Myers K, Socrate S, Tzeranis D, House M (2009) Changes in the biochemical constituents and morphologic appearance of the human cervical stroma during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reproductive Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.008","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reproductive Biol"},{"key":"1853_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.065","volume":"48","author":"KM Myers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Myers KM, Feltovich H, Mazza E, Vink J, Bajka M, Wapner RJ, Hall TJ, House M (2015) The mechanical role of the cervix in pregnancy. J Biomech 48:1511\u20131523. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.065","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"1853_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab144","volume":"105","author":"S Nallasamy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nallasamy S, Palacios HH, Setlem R, Colon Caraballo M, Li K, Cao E, Shankaran M, Hellerstein M, Mahendroo M (2021) Transcriptome and proteome dynamics of cervical remodeling in the mouse during pregnancy. Biol Reprod 105:1257\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioab144","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"1853_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.05.002","volume":"176","author":"Y Ogura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ogura Y, Parsons WH, Kamat SS, Cravatt BF (2017) The role of chorionic cytotrophoblasts in the smooth chorion fusion with parietal decidua. Physiol Behav 176:139\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.05.002","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"1853_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02480847","volume":"29","author":"J Ophir","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ophir J, Alam SK, Garra BS, Kallel F, Konofagou EE, Krouskop T, Merritt CRB, Righetti R, Souchon R, Srinivasan S, Varghese T (2002) Elastography: imaging the elastic properties of soft tissues with ultrasound. J Med Ultrason 29:155\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02480847","journal-title":"J Med Ultrason"},{"key":"1853_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152740","author":"M Orczyk-Pawilowicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Orczyk-Pawilowicz M, Jawien E, Deja S, Hirnle L, Zabek A, Mlynarz P (2016) Metabolomics of human amniotic fluid and maternal plasma during normal pregnancy. PLoS One. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152740","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1853_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(90)90078-F","volume":"34","author":"H Oxlund","year":"1990","unstructured":"Oxlund H, Helmig R, Halaburt JT, Uldbjerg N (1990) Biomechanical analysis of human chorioamniotic membranes. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 34:247\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0028-2243(90)90078-F","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"1853_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JMSM.0000030205.62668.90","volume":"15","author":"ML Oyen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Oyen ML, Cook RF, Calvin SE (2004) Mechanical failure of human fetal membrane tissues. J Mater Sci Mater Med 15:651\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JMSM.0000030205.62668.90","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"1853_CR37","unstructured":"Paskaleva A (2007) Biomechanics of cervical function in pregnancy-case of cervical insufficiency (Ph. D. thesis)"},{"key":"1853_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.03.010","author":"MJ Platt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Platt MJ (2014) Outcomes in preterm infants. Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2014.03.010","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"1853_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-009-0433-4","volume":"47","author":"S Rihana","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rihana S, Terrien J, Germain G, Marque C (2009) Mathematical modeling of electrical activity of uterine muscle cells. Med Biol Eng Comput 47:665\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11517-009-0433-4","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"1853_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.09.001","volume":"58","author":"F Roohbakhshan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roohbakhshan F, Duong TX, Sauer RA (2016) A projection method to extract biological membrane models from 3D material models. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 58:90\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.09.001","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"1853_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5081","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7683(02)00237-8","volume":"39","author":"MB Rubin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rubin MB, Bodner SR (2002) A three-dimensional nonlinear model for dissipative response of soft tissue. Int J Solids Struct 39:5081\u20135099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-7683(02)00237-8","journal-title":"Int J Solids Struct"},{"key":"1853_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08298.x","volume":"106","author":"D Rudel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rudel D, Pajntar M (1999) Active contractions of the cervix in the latent phase of labour. BJOG 106:446\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08298.x","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"1853_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9378(30)90237-2","volume":"19","author":"L Rudolph","year":"1930","unstructured":"Rudolph L, Ivy AC (1930) The physiology of the uterus in labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 19:317\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9378(30)90237-2","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1853_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2014.03.016","volume":"355","author":"B Sharifimajd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharifimajd B, St\u00e5lhand J (2014) A continuum model for excitation-contraction of smooth muscle under finite deformations. J Theor Biol 355:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2014.03.016","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"1853_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-015-0703-z","volume":"15","author":"B Sharifimajd","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharifimajd B, Thore CJ, St\u00e5lhand J (2016) Simulating uterine contraction by using an electro-chemo-mechanical model. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 15:497\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-015-0703-z","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"key":"1853_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043977","volume":"141","author":"L Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi L, Yao W, Gan Y, Zhao LY, Eugene McKee W, Vink J, Wapner RJ, Hendon CP, Myers K (2019) Anisotropic material characterization of human cervix tissue based on indentation and inverse finite element analysis. J Biomech Eng 141:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4043977","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"1853_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/00016348409157018","volume":"63","author":"RP Smith","year":"1984","unstructured":"Smith RP (1984) A brief history of intrauterine pressure measurement. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 63:1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016348409157018","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"1853_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2014.00048","author":"AC Tahan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tahan AC, Tahan V (2014) Placental amniotic epithelial cells and their therapeutic potential in liver diseases. Front Med (Lausanne). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2014.00048","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1853_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110336","author":"OAG Tantengco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tantengco OAG, Menon R (2020) Contractile function of the cervix plays a role in normal and pathological pregnancy and parturition. Med Hypotheses. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110336","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"1853_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.07.015","volume":"205","author":"MJ Teune","year":"2011","unstructured":"Teune MJ, Bakhuizen S, Bannerman CG, Opmeer BC, Van Kaam AH, Van Wassenaer AG, Morris JM, Mol BWJ (2011) A systematic review of severe morbidity in infants born late preterm. Am J Obstet Gynecol 205:374.e1-374.e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.07.015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1853_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.01.011","volume":"21","author":"B Timmons","year":"2010","unstructured":"Timmons B, Akins M, Mahendroo M (2010) Cervical remodeling during pregnancy and parturition. Trends Endocrinol Metab 21:353\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2010.01.011","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1853_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171588","volume":"12","author":"SW Verbruggen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Verbruggen SW, Oyen ML, Phillips ATM, Nowlan NC (2017) Function and failure of the fetal membrane: Modelling the mechanics of the chorion and Amnion. PLoS ONE 12:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0171588","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1853_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(00)00418-8","volume":"95","author":"I Verdenik","year":"2001","unstructured":"Verdenik I, Pajntar M, Lesko\u0161ek B (2001) Uterine electrical activity as predictor of preterm birth in women with preterm contractions. Eur J Obstetd Gynecol Reprod Biol 95:149\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0301-2115(00)00418-8","journal-title":"Eur J Obstetd Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"1853_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-019-01117-5","volume":"18","author":"MCP Vila Pouca","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vila Pouca MCP, Ferreira JPS, Oliveira DA, Parente MPL, Mascarenhas MT, Natal Jorge RM (2019) Simulation of the uterine contractions and foetus expulsion using a chemo-mechanical constitutive model. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 18:829\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-019-01117-5","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"key":"1853_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2019.09.001","author":"J Vink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vink J (2020) The potential role of the cervix in myometrial function. Curr Opin Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cophys.2019.09.001","journal-title":"Curr Opin Physiol"},{"key":"1853_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2015.12.009","volume":"21","author":"J Vink","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vink J, Feltovich H (2016) Cervical etiology of spontaneous preterm birth. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 21:106\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.siny.2015.12.009","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1853_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.04.053","volume":"215","author":"JY Vink","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vink JY, Qin S, Brock CO, Zork NM, Feltovich HM, Chen X, Urie P, Myers KM, Hall TJ, Wapner R, Kitajewski JK, Shawber CJ, Gallos G (2016) A new paradigm for the role of smooth muscle cells in the human cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 215(4):478.e1-478.e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.04.053","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1853_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.04.003","author":"JP Vogel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vogel JP, Chawanpaiboon S, Moller AB, Watananirun K, Bonet M, Lumbiganon P (2018) The global epidemiology of preterm birth. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2018.04.003","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"1853_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113477496","author":"C Voltolini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Voltolini C, Torricelli M, Conti N, Vellucci FL, Severi FM, Petraglia F (2013) Understanding spontaneous preterm birth: from underlying mechanisms to predictive and preventive interventions. Reprod Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1933719113477496","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"1853_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13195","author":"SR Walani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walani SR (2020) Global burden of preterm birth. Int J Gynecol Obstet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.13195","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"1853_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20274","volume":"288","author":"S Weiss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weiss S, Jaermann T, Schmid P, Staempfli P, Boesiger P, Niederer P, Caduff R, Bajka M (2006) Three-dimensional fiber architecture of the nonpregnant human uterus determined ex vivo using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging. Anat Rec - Part A Discov Mol, Cellular, Evolut Biol 288:84\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.a.20274","journal-title":"Anat Rec - Part A Discov Mol, Cellular, Evolut Biol"},{"key":"1853_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4036259","volume":"139","author":"AR Westervelt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Westervelt AR, Fernandez M, House M, Vink J, Nhan-Chang CL, Wapner R, Myers KM (2017) A parameterized ultrasound-based finite element analysis of the mechanical environment of pregnancy. J Biomech Eng 139:1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4036259","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"key":"1853_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061270","volume":"10","author":"M Wierzchowska-Opoka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wierzchowska-Opoka M, Kimber-trojnar \u017b, Leszczy\u0144ska-gorzelak B (2021) Emergency cervical cerclage. J. Clin Med 10:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10061270","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"1853_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166709","author":"W Yao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yao W, Gan Y, Myers KM, Vink JY, Wapner RJ, Hendon CP (2016) Collagen fiber orientation and dispersion in the upper cervix of non-pregnant and pregnant women. PLoS One. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0166709","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1853_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2016.08.001","volume":"77","author":"M Yochum","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yochum M, Lafor\u00eat J, Marque C (2016) An electro-mechanical multiscale model of uterine pregnancy contraction. Comput Biol Med 77:182\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2016.08.001","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"1853_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R51","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-16-0156","volume":"152","author":"RC Young","year":"2016","unstructured":"Young RC (2016) Mechanotransduction mechanisms for coordinating uterine contractions in human labor. Reproduction 152:R51\u2013R61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/REP-16-0156","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"1853_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.01.001","volume":"104","author":"T Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang T, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wen P, Li H, Wei N, Gao Y, Li B, Huo Y (2021) Dynamic measurement of amnion thickness during loading by speckle pattern interferometry. Placenta 104:284\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.01.001","journal-title":"Placenta"}],"container-title":["Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10237-024-01853-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10237-024-01853-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10237-024-01853-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T06:04:58Z","timestamp":1727417098000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10237-024-01853-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-024-01853-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1617-7959","1617-7940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1617-7959","type":"print"},{"value":"1617-7940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}