{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:43:03Z","timestamp":1773405783292,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]],"date-time":"2009-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Auton Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-009-0018-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,28]],"date-time":"2009-05-28T10:10:40Z","timestamp":1243505440000},"page":"237-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Spectral methods of heart rate variability analysis during dynamic exercise"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Goncalo Vilhena","family":"Mendonca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Fernhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kevin S.","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando D.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"18_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H132","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1989.256.1.H132","volume":"256","author":"Y Arai","year":"1989","unstructured":"Arai Y, Saul J, Albrecht P, Hartley L, Lilly L, Cohen R (1989) Modulation of cardiac autonomic activity during and immediately after exercise. Am J Physiol Heart Circ O Physiol 256:H132\u2013H141","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ O Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(00)80071-0","volume":"33","author":"F Badilini","year":"2000","unstructured":"Badilini F, Maison-Blanche P, Champomier P, Provost J, Coumel P, Milon H (2000) Frequency-domain heart rate variability in 24-hour holter recordings: role of spectral method to assess circadian patterns and pharmacological autonomic modulation. J Electrocardiol 33:147\u2013157","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"18_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00159.x","volume":"21","author":"F Badilini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Badilini F, Maison-Blanche P, Coumel P (1998) Heart rate variability in passive tilt test: comparative evaluation of autoregressive and FFT spectral analyses. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 21:1122\u20131132","journal-title":"Pacing Clin Electrophysiol"},{"key":"18_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/24.12.969","volume":"24","author":"L Bernardi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bernardi L, Salvucci F, Suardi R, Solda P, Calciati A, Perlini S, Falcone C, Ricciardi L (1990) Evidence for an intrinsic mechanism regulating heart rate variability in the transplanted and the intact heart during submaximal exercise? Cardiovasc Res 24:969\u2013981","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"18_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/23\/2\/308","volume":"23","author":"A Boardman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boardman A, Chlindwein F, Rocha A, Leite A (2002) A study on the optimum order of autoregressive models for heart rate variability. Physiol Meas 23:325\u2013336","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"18_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.70.2.144","volume":"70","author":"H Breuer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Breuer H, Skyschally A, Schulz R, Martin C, Wehr M, Heusch G (1993) Heart rate variability and circulating catecholamine concentrations in healthy volunteers. Br Heart J 70:144\u2013149","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"18_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","volume":"93","author":"A Camm","year":"1996","unstructured":"Camm A, Malik M, Bigger J, G\u00fcnter B, Cerutti S, Choen R, Coumel P, Fallen E, Kennedy H, Kleiger R, Lombardi F, Malliani A, Moss A, Rotmann J, Schwartz P, Singer D (1996) Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation 93:1043\u20131065","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"18_CR8","first-page":"969","volume":"24","author":"B Casadei","year":"1995","unstructured":"Casadei B, Cochrane S, Johnston J, Conway J, Sleight P (1995) Pitfalls in the interpretation of spectral analysis of the heart rate variability during exercise in humans. Cardiovasc Res 24:969\u2013981","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"18_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.2.556","volume":"81","author":"B Casadei","year":"1996","unstructured":"Casadei B, Moon J, Johnston J, Caiazza A, Sleight P (1996) Is respiratory sinus arrhythmia a good index of cardiac vagal tone in exercise? J Appl Physiol 81:556\u2013564","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.12.018","volume":"104","author":"D Chemla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chemla D, Young J, Badilini F, Maison-Blanche P, Affres H, Lecarpentier Y, Chanson P (2005) Comparison of fast Fourier transform and autoregressive spectral analysis for the study of heart rate variability in diabetic patients. Int J Cardiol 104:307\u2013313","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"18_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/26.7.713","volume":"26","author":"E Dixon","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dixon E, Kamath M, McCartney N, Fallen E (1992) Neural regulation of heart rate variability in endurance athletes and sedentary controls. Cardiovasc Res 26:713\u2013719","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"18_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.6106.145","volume":"1","author":"D Ewing","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ewing D, Campbell W, Murray A, Neilson J, Clarke B (1978) Immediate heart-rate response to standing: simple test for autonomic neuropathy in diabetes. BMJ 1:145\u2013147","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"18_CR13","first-page":"211","volume":"53","author":"R Fagard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fagard R, Pardaens K, Staessen J, Thijs L (1998) Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability by autoregressive modelling and fast Fourier transform: a comparative study. Acta Cardiol 53:211\u2013218","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"18_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.2.537","volume":"81","author":"R Furlan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Furlan R, Guzzetti S, Crivellaro W, Dassi S, Tinelli M, Baselli G, Cerutti S, Lombardi F, Pagani M, Malliani A (1990) Continuous 24-hour assessment of the neural regulation of systemic arterial pressure and RR variabilities in ambulant subjects. Circulation 81:537\u2013547","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"18_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1139\/h96-040","volume":"21","author":"J Gregoire","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gregoire J, Tuck S, Yamamoto Y, Hughson RL (1996) Heart rate variability at rest and exercise: influence of age, gender, and physical training. Can J Appl Physiol 21:455\u2013470","journal-title":"Can J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90150-3","volume":"24","author":"K Imai","year":"1994","unstructured":"Imai K, Sato H, Hori M, Kusuoka H, Ozaki H, Ykoyama H, Takeda H, Inoue M, Kamada T (1994) Vagally mediated heart rate recovery after exercise in accelerated athletes but blunted in patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Coll Cardiol 24:1529\u20131535","journal-title":"Am J Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"18_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0559-8","volume":"102","author":"P Kaikkonen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kaikkonen P, Nummela A, Rusko H (2007) Heart rate variability dynamics during early recovery after different endurance exercises. Eur J Appl Physiol 102:79\u201386","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1109\/10.508542","volume":"43","author":"L Kesselbrener","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kesselbrener L, Akselrod S (1996) Selective discrete Fourier transform algorithm for time-frequency analysis: method and application on simulated cardiovascular signals. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 43:789","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"18_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0574-9","volume":"102","author":"A Leicht","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leicht A, Sinclair W, Spinks W (2008) Effect of exercise mode on heart rate variability during steady state exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 102:195\u2013204","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.2.482","volume":"84","author":"A Malliani","year":"1991","unstructured":"Malliani A, Pagani M, Lombardi F, Cerutti S (1991) Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain. Circulation 84:482\u2013492","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"18_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-199801000-00006","volume":"13","author":"M Malik","year":"1998","unstructured":"Malik M (1998) Heart rate variability. Curr Opin Cardiol 13:36\u201344","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"18_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-007-0594-5","volume":"102","author":"K Martinm\u00e4ki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martinm\u00e4ki K, Rusko H (2008) Time-frequency analysis of heart rate variability during immediate recovery from low and high intensity exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 102:353\u2013360","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR23","unstructured":"McArdle W, Katch F, Katch V (2001) Individual differences and measurement of energy capacities. In: Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition and human performance. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 222\u2013248"},{"key":"18_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2004.03.004","volume":"76","author":"J Niskanen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Niskanen J, Tarvainen M, Ranta-aho P, Karjalainen P (2004) Software for advanced HRV analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 76:73\u201381","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"18_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00418477","volume":"57","author":"C Orizio","year":"1998","unstructured":"Orizio C, Perini R, Comand\u00e8 A, Castellano M, Beschi M, Veicsteinas A (1998) Plasma catecholamines and heart rate at the beginning of muscular exercise in man. Eur J Appl Physiol 57:644\u2013651","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050341","volume":"77","author":"R Perini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Perini R, Milesi S, Biancardi L, Pendergast D, Veicsteinas A (1998) Heart rate variability in exercising humans: effect of water immersion. Eur J Appl Physiol 77:326\u2013332","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050645","volume":"82","author":"R Perini","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perini R, Milesi S, Fisher N, Pendergast D, Veicsteinas A (2000) Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise in elderly males and females. Eur J Appl Physiol 82:8\u201315","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02332222","volume":"58","author":"R Perini","year":"1989","unstructured":"Perini R, Orizio C, Comand\u00e8 A, Castellano M, Beschi M, Veicsteinas A (1989) Plasma norepinephrine and heart rate dynamics during recovery from submaximal exercise in man. Eur J Appl Physiol 58:879\u2013883","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236709","volume":"61","author":"R Perini","year":"1990","unstructured":"Perini R, Orizio C, Baselli G, Gerutti S, Veicsteinas A (1990) The influence of exercise intensity on the power spectrum of heart rate variability. Eur J Appl Physiol 61:143\u2013148","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000142403.93205.35","volume":"36","author":"A Pichon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pichon A, de Bisschop C, Roulaud A, Papellier Y (2004) Spectral analysis of heart rate variability during exercise in trained subjects. Med Sci Sport Exerc 36:1702\u20131708","journal-title":"Med Sci Sport Exerc"},{"key":"18_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2005.08.001","volume":"39","author":"A Pichon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pichon A, Roulaud M, Antoine-Jonville S, Bisschop C, Denjean A (2006) Spectral analysis of heart rate variability: inter-changeability between autoregressive analysis and fast Fourier transform. J Electrocardiol 39:31\u201337","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"18_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.5_Supplement.226S","volume":"101","author":"O Rimoldi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rimoldi O, Furlan R, Pagani M, Piazza S, Guazzi M, Pagani M, Malliani A (1992) Analysis of neural mechanisms accompanying different intensities of dynamic exercise. Chest 101:226\u2013230","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"18_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.19.2.400","volume":"19","author":"B Robinson","year":"1966","unstructured":"Robinson B, Epstein S, Beise G, Braunwald E (1966) Control of heart rate by autonomic nervous system. Studies in man on the interrelation between baroreceptor mechanisms and exercise. Circ Res 19:400\u2013411","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"18_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2006.00556.x","volume":"16","author":"R Sandercock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sandercock R, Brodie D (2006) The use of heart rate variability measures to assess autonomic control during exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 16:302\u2013313","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"18_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1109\/10.979357","volume":"49","author":"M Tarvainen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tarvainen M, Ranta-aho P, Karjalainen P (2001) An advanced detrending method with application to HRV analysis. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 49:172\u2013175","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"18_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210170003","volume":"84","author":"P Terziotti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Terziotti P, Schen F, Gulli G (2001) Post-exercise recovery of autonomic cardiovascular control: a study by spectrum and cross-spectrum analysis in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 84:187\u2013194","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1081","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.280.3.H1081","volume":"280","author":"M Tulppo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tulppo M, Hughson R, M\u00e4kikallio T, Juhani Airaksinen K, Sepp\u00e4nen T, Huikuri H (2001) Effects of exercise and passive head-up tilt on fractal and complexity properties of heart rate dynamics. Am J Physiol Heart Circ O Physiol 280:H1081\u2013H1087","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ O Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H424","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.274.2.C424","volume":"274","author":"M Tulppo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tulppo M, M\u00e4kikallio T, Sepp\u00e4nen T, Laukkanen R, Huikuri H (1998) Vagal modulation of heart rate during exercise: effects of age and physical fitness. Am J Physiol 274:H424\u2013H429","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1139\/h08-109","volume":"33","author":"G Vilhena de Mendon\u00e7a","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vilhena de Mendon\u00e7a G, Pereira F (2008) Between-day variability of net and gross oxygen uptake during grade treadmill walking: effects of different walking intensities on the reliability of walking economy. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 33:1199\u20131206","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"18_CR40","first-page":"R495","volume":"273","author":"J Warren","year":"1997","unstructured":"Warren J, Jaffe R, Wraa C, Stebbins C (1997) Effect of autonomic blockade on power spectrum of heart rate variability during exercise. Am J Physiol 273:R495\u2013R502","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"18_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1971.30.2.261","volume":"30","author":"B Whipp","year":"1971","unstructured":"Whipp B (1971) Rate constant for the kinetics of oxygen uptake during light exercise. J Appl Physiol 30(2):261\u2013263","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"18_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.6.550","volume":"37","author":"R Winsley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Winsley R, Armstrong N, Bywater K, Fawkner S (2003) Reliability of heart rate variability measures at rest and during light exercise in children. Br J Sports Med 37:550\u2013552","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"18_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.3.1136","volume":"71","author":"Y Yamamoto","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yamamoto Y, Hughson R, Peterson J (1991) Autonomic control of heart rate during exercise studied by heart rate variability spectral analysis. J Appl Physiol 71:1136\u20131142","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Autonomic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10286-009-0018-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10286-009-0018-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10286-009-0018-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T12:12:44Z","timestamp":1559131964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10286-009-0018-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["18"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-009-0018-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-9851","1619-1560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-9851","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-1560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]]}}}