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Cork oak woodlands, however, are facing tree mortality and lack of regeneration. Considering the oak decline scenario, we present Iberian cork oak <jats:italic>montado\/dehesa<\/jats:italic> as a socio-ecosystem facing climate change, management transformations, local knowledge crisis and social uncertainty. We review <jats:italic>montado<\/jats:italic>s\/<jats:italic>dehesa<\/jats:italic>s research through time and by different scholar perspectives. We defend that from an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary perspective, including the experience and evidence observed in terrain, debate should be stimulated, and novel conceptual approaches may contribute to finding solutions. We argue that the confluence of ecology, genetics, anthropology and local knowledge can be explored to unveil the complexities and the challenges of these socio-ecosystems and contribute to prevent and mitigate threats to it. We propose a methodological approach built together with scientists, managers and workers, that can explore oak translocations, socio-ecological interactions models, knowledge transfer and other ways to overcome Iberian cork oak woodlands socio-environmental crisis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-024-00999-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,19]],"date-time":"2024-05-19T17:01:35Z","timestamp":1716138095000},"page":"1927-1944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cork oak woodlands and decline: a social-ecological review and future transdisciplinary approaches"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9239-1202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Lopes-Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6527-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8871-3918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Boa-Nova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8294-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7081-657X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel N","family":"Bugalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7310-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Campos-Mardones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6377-1898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustin","family":"Coca-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7757-545X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lia","family":"Fraz\u00e3o-Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1002-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Moreno-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5408-5212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oct\u00e1vio","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5147-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Pr\u00edncipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4155-2106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Quintero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Sendim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hernani","family":"Sobral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0347-9566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Escalera-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"999_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13487","volume":"23","author":"V Ac\u00e1cio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ac\u00e1cio V, Dias FS, Catry FX, Rocha M, Moreira F (2017) Landscape dynamics in Mediterranean oak forests under global change: Understanding the role of anthropogenic and environmental drivers across forest types. 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