{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T01:00:03Z","timestamp":1776128403329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022965","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022965","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA","award":["SENNOVA-SGPS-10798-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SENNOVA-SGPS-10798-2023"]}]},{"name":"Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA","award":["SENNOVA-SGPS-10798-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SENNOVA-SGPS-10798-2023"]}]},{"name":"Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA","award":["SENNOVA-SGPS-10798-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SENNOVA-SGPS-10798-2023"]}]},{"name":"Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje SENA","award":["SENNOVA-SGPS-10798-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SENNOVA-SGPS-10798-2023"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017164","name":"Corporaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria, AGROSAVIA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017164","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005765","name":"Universidade de Lisboa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005765","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agroforest Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This research aimed to assess carbon (C) stocks (living biomass, soil and detritus) in silvopastoral systems (SPS), the C density in living biomass (CLB) at the farm level, technological adoption and milk yields in an integrated fashion in small dairy farms in the Andean-Amazon region of Colombia. Technological adoption was assessed on a scale of 0 to 100% across 26 points. Milk yields from the top 10% highest-yielding farms were used for gap analysis. The lactation period and weaning age were considered as herd management variables. The study included 30 farms classified as high, medium or low SPS coverage. The average farm size was 9.1\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u00a0ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> where live fences (LF) and woodlots (WL) were the main SPS. The total C were 152.0\u2009\u00b1\u200913.8\u00a0Mg\u00b7ha-<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>, 152.2\u2009\u00b1\u200910.3\u00a0Mg\u00b7ha-<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>, and 73.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4\u00a0Mg\u00b7ha-<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup> in WL, LF and pastures. Farms with high SPS coverage (10.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1%) presented a CLB density of 8.6\u2009\u00b1\u20092.0\u00a0Mg\u00b7ha<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 3.4 and 43 times higher than those with medium and low coverage, respectively. Average milk yield was 3190.1\u2009\u00b1\u2009237.5\u00a0kg fat and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) cow<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0yr\u207b<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>, with the top 10% of farms having 6056.7\u00a0kg\u00b7FPCM\u00b7cow<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0yr\u207b<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>. Farms with low SPS coverage had the smallest yield gap (1221.4\u2009\u00b1\u2009290\u00a0kg\u00b7FPCM\u00b7cow<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0yr\u207b<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>) but also a lower average yield (2883.0\u2009\u00b1\u2009290\u00a0kg\u00b7FPCM\u00b7cow\u207b<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u00b7yr\u207b<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>). The farms averaged 48.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1% in the technological adoption level, 271.5\u2009\u00b1\u20098.4\u00a0days of lactation period, and 129.3\u2009\u00b1\u200917.8\u00a0days of weaning age, with no significant differences across SPS levels. An integrated approach to jointly increase technology adoption, herd management, and the enhancement of SPS coverage at the farm level can reduce the yield gap while enhancing C stocks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-025-01151-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T21:01:36Z","timestamp":1739653296000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Carbon stocks, technological development, and milk yields of dairy cattle silvopastoral production systems in the Andean-amazon region of Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7312-9866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry","family":"Mavisoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9841-8242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Castro Rinc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6627-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian Rolando","family":"Riascos Vallejos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2766-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Narv\u00e1ez-Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0860-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorieth","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9731-8933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana del Socorro","family":"Guerra Acosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0198-268X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n Antonio","family":"Riascos Salcedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Disney Magali","family":"Aguillon Alban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Chingal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7810-3988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 M.","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6101-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Fangueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2024.1363994","author":"HJ Andrade","year":"2024","unstructured":"Andrade HJ, Vega A, Mart\u00ednez-Salinas A, Villanueva C, Jim\u00e9nez-Trujillo JA, Betanzos-Simon JE, P\u00e9rez E, Ibrahim M, Sep\u00falveda L, C. J. (2024) The carbon footprint of livestock farms under conventional management and silvopastoral systems in Jalisco, Chiapas, and Campeche (Mexico). Front Sustain Food Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsufs.2024.1363994","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst"},{"key":"1151_CR2","unstructured":"Araujo-Carrillo, G. A., Var\u00f3n-Ram\u00edrez, V. M., G\u00f3mez-Latorre, D. A., S\u00e1nchez, R. L., Guzm\u00e1n, H. L., Fonseca G, E. K., Morales S, M. J., Ordo\u00f1ez, N., Rodr\u00edguez, L. M., Ospina A, O. L., Lozano C, N. E., Medina P, B. C., Acosta, S. T., Ort\u00edz V, C. K., Gutierrez, J., Bol\u00edvar, A. G., & Pedroza, D. C. (2021). Colombia: Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Potential National Map Executive summary. http:\/\/54.229.242.119\/GloSIS\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"1151_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/0967033517746900","volume":"26","author":"C Ariza-Nieto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ariza-Nieto C, Mayorga OL, Mojica B, Parra D, Afanador-Tellez G (2018) Use of LOCAL algorithm with near infrared spectroscopy in forage resources for grazing systems in Colombia. J near Infrared Spectrosc 26(1):44\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0967033517746900","journal-title":"J near Infrared Spectrosc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1151_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88775-7","volume":"11","author":"TK Baul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baul TK, Peuly TA, Nandi R, Schmidt LH, Karmakar S (2021) Carbon stocks of homestead forests have a mitigation potential to climate change in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 11(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-88775-7","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1151_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-022-00834-z","author":"R Brook","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brook R, Forster E, Styles D, Mazzetto AM, Arndt C, Esquivel MJ, Chadwick D (2022) Silvopastoral systems for offsetting livestock emissions in the tropics: a case study of a dairy farm in Costa Rica. Agronomy Sustain Dev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13593-022-00834-z","journal-title":"Agronomy Sustain Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1151_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/21513732.2017.1391879","volume":"13","author":"VJP Bucheli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bucheli VJP, Bokelmann W (2017) Agroforestry systems for biodiversity and ecosystem services: the case of the sibundoy valley in the colombian province of putumayo. Int J Biodivers Sci, Ecosyst Serv Manag 13(1):380\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21513732.2017.1391879","journal-title":"Int J Biodivers Sci, Ecosyst Serv Manag"},{"issue":"02","key":"1151_CR7","first-page":"118","volume":"04","author":"MA Cairns","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cairns MA, Helmer EH, Baumgardner GA (1997) Root biomass allocation in the world\u2019s upland forests. J Trop Ethnobiol 04(02):118\u2013129","journal-title":"J Trop Ethnobiol"},{"key":"1151_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Castro Rinc\u00f3n, E., Cardona Iglesias, J. L., Meneses Buitrago, D. H., Morales Montero, S. P., Zapata Molina, J. J., Portillo Lopez, P. A., & Hern\u00e1ndez Oviedo, F. (2022). Caracter\u00edsticas, uso y manejo de gram\u00edneas y leguminosas en sistemas de producci\u00f3n bovina del tr\u00f3pico alto Colombiano. In Caracter\u00edsticas uso y manejo de gram\u00edneas y leguminosas en sistemas de producci\u00f3n bovina del tr\u00f3pico alto colombiano. Corporaci\u00f3n Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria (Agrosavia). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21930\/agrosavia.manual.7405514","DOI":"10.21930\/agrosavia.manual.7405514"},{"key":"1151_CR9","unstructured":"CEPF. (2024, October 15). Critical Ecosystems Parter Foundation. Hotspot de Biodiversidad Andes Tropicales. Hotspot de Biodiversidad Andes Tropicales."},{"key":"1151_CR10","unstructured":"Char\u00e1 J, Reyes E, Peri P, Otte J, Arce E, & Schineider F. (2020). Sistemas silvopastoriles y su contribuci\u00f3n al uso eficiente de los recursos y a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: Evidencia desde Am\u00e9rica Latina (CIPAV, FAO). http:\/\/www.fao.org\/publications\/es"},{"issue":"4","key":"1151_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2009.01285.x","volume":"12","author":"J Chave","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chave J, Coomes D, Jansen S, Lewis SL, Swenson NG, Zanne AE (2009) Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum. Ecol Lett 12(4):351\u2013366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2009.01285.x","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"1151_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/GCB.12629","author":"J Chave","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chave J, R\u00e9jou-M\u00e9chain M, B\u00farquez A, Chidumayo E, Colgan MS, Delitti WBC, Duque A, Eid T, Fearnside PM, Goodman RC, Henry M, Mart\u00ednez-Yr\u00edzar A, Mugasha WA, Muller-Landau HC, Mencuccini M, Nelson BW, Ngomanda A, Nogueira EM, Ortiz-Malavassi E, Vieilledent G (2014) Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Global Change Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/GCB.12629","journal-title":"Global Change Biol"},{"key":"1151_CR13","unstructured":"CIPAV, CIAT, FEDEGAN, & TNC. (2021). Acci\u00f3n de mitigaci\u00f3n nacionalmente apropiada NAMA de la ganader\u00eda sostenible de Colombia . https:\/\/cipav.org.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Reporte-NAMA-Bovina-de-Colombia.pdf"},{"key":"1151_CR14","unstructured":"DAFP, Pub. L. No. Decreto 616, Departamento Administrativo de la Funci\u00f3n P\u00fablica, Reglamento t\u00e9cnico sobre los requisitos de la leche para consumo humano en Colombia 1 (2006)."},{"key":"1151_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223184","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2023.1223184","volume":"7","author":"C Durana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Durana C, Murgueitio E, Murgueitio B (2023) Sustainability of dairy farming in Colombia\u2019s High Andean region. Front Sustain Food Syst 7:1223184","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst"},{"key":"1151_CR16","unstructured":"FAO. (2019). Standard operating procedure for soil organic carbon Walkley-Black method Titration and colorimetric method."},{"key":"1151_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"FAO. (2023). Avances y desaf\u00edos en la ganader\u00eda de Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe, Medidas de mitigaci\u00f3n apropiadas para cada pa\u00eds. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cc8210es","DOI":"10.4060\/cc8210es"},{"key":"1151_CR18","unstructured":"FAO. (2024a, September 25). FAO-GLOSIS. Food and Agriculture Organization. https:\/\/data.apps.fao.org\/glosis\/?lang=en"},{"key":"1151_CR19","unstructured":"FAO. (2024b, October 15). Crops and Livestock Products. FAOSTAT."},{"key":"1151_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2017.11.032","author":"D Feliciano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feliciano D, Ledo A, Hillier J, Nayak DR (2018) Which agroforestry options give the greatest soil and above ground carbon benefits in different world regions? Agric, Ecosyst Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2017.11.032","journal-title":"Agric, Ecosyst Environ."},{"key":"1151_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103303","author":"R Gonz\u00e1lez-Quintero","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Quintero R, van Wijk MT, Ruden A, G\u00f3mez M, Pantevez H, Castro-Llanos F, Notenbaert A, Arango J (2022) Yield gap analysis to identify attainable milk and meat productivities and the potential for greenhouse gas emissions mitigation in cattle systems of Colombia. Agric Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agsy.2021.103303","journal-title":"Agric Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"1151_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-024-00958-z","volume":"98","author":"R Gonz\u00e1lez-Quintero","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Quintero R, Sierra-Alarc\u00f3n AM, Benavides-Cruz JC, Mayorga-Mogoll\u00f3n OL (2024) The contribution of local shrubs to the carbon footprint reduction of traditional dairy systems in Cundinamarca Colombia. Agrofor Syst 98(4):873\u2013890","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"key":"1151_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PAVSNNR202116057","author":"C Guti\u00e9rrez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-G\u00f3mez C, Inostroza RA, Jos\u00e9 LR (2021) The tension between global GHG emissions of animal source foods, sustainability, and food security in Latin America and the Caribbean. CABI Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/PAVSNNR202116057","journal-title":"CABI Rev"},{"issue":"22","key":"1151_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5726","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.15816","volume":"27","author":"MT Harrison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harrison MT, Cullen BR, Mayberry DE, Cowie AL, Bilotto F, Badgery WB, Eckard RJ (2021) Carbon myopia: the urgent need for integrated social, economic and environmental action in the livestock sector. Global Change Biol 27(22):5726\u20135761","journal-title":"Global Change Biol"},{"key":"1151_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2005.06.011","author":"C Harvey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harvey C, Villanueva C, Villacis J, Chac\u00f3n M, Mu\u00f1oz D, L\u00f3pez M, Ibrahim M, G\u00f3mez R, Taylor R, Mart\u00ednez J, Navas A, Saenz J, S\u00e1nchez D, Medina A, Vilchez B, Hern\u00e1ndez B, Perez A, Ruiz F, L\u00f3pez F, Sinclair F (2005) Contribution of live fences to the ecological integrity of agricultural landacapes. Ecosyst Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2005.06.011","journal-title":"Ecosyst Environ"},{"key":"1151_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2008.09.006","volume":"129","author":"M Henry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Henry M, Tittonell P, Manlay RJ, Bernoux M, Albrecht A, Vanlauwe B (2009) Biodiversity, carbon stock and sequestration potential in aboveground biomass in smallholder farming system of western Kenya. Agr Ecosyst Environ 129:238\u2013252","journal-title":"Agr Ecosyst Environ"},{"key":"1151_CR27","unstructured":"IDF. (2015). A common carbon footprint approach for the dairy sector. The IDF guide to standard life cycle assessment methodology. International Dairy Federation , 1\u201370. www.fil-idf.org"},{"key":"1151_CR28","unstructured":"INCODER, & IGAC. (2015). Levantamiento de suelos, capacidad de uso de las tierras y cobertura terrestre a escala 1:25.000 del \u00e1rea plana del Distrito de Adecuaci\u00f3n de Tierras de Sibundoy, Departamento del Putumayo. 1\u2013798."},{"key":"1151_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2022.2157115","author":"A Kangela Matazi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kangela Matazi A, Kany Luganda E, Mugisho Mukotanyi S (2023) Does Eucalyptus determine agricultural soil quality? Cogent Food Agric. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23311932.2022.2157115","journal-title":"Cogent Food Agric"},{"issue":"3","key":"1151_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1127\/0941-2948\/2006\/0130","volume":"15","author":"M Kottek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kottek M, Grieser J, Beck C, Rudolf B, Rubel F (2006) World Map of the K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol Z 15(3):259\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1127\/0941-2948\/2006\/0130","journal-title":"Meteorol Z"},{"issue":"1","key":"1151_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-005-5831-5","volume":"68","author":"MC Le\u00f3n","year":"2006","unstructured":"Le\u00f3n MC, Harvey CA (2006) Live fences and landscape connectivity in a neotropical agricultural landscape. Agrofor Syst 68(1):15\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-005-5831-5","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"1151_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-018-0259-x","volume":"93","author":"JG L\u00f3pez-Santiago","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Santiago JG, Casanova-Lugo F, Villanueva-L\u00f3pez G, D\u00edaz-Echeverr\u00eda VF, Solorio-S\u00e1nchez FJ, Mart\u00ednez-Zurimendi P, Aryal DR, Chay-Canul AJ (2019) Carbon storage in a silvopastoral system compared to that in a deciduous dry forest in Michoac\u00e1n. Mexico Agrofor Syst 93(1):199\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-018-0259-x","journal-title":"Mexico Agrofor Syst"},{"key":"1151_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-018-0497-3","author":"KF Mancera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mancera KF, Zarza H, de Buen LL, Garc\u00eda AAC, Palacios FM, Galindo F (2018) Integrating links between tree coverage and cattle welfare in silvopastoral systems evaluation. Agron Sustain Dev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13593-018-0497-3","journal-title":"Agron Sustain Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1151_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"E Mart\u00ednez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez E, Fuentes JP, Acevedo E (2008) Soil organic carbon and soil properties. J Soil Sc Plant Nutr 8(1):1\u201329","journal-title":"J Soil Sc Plant Nutr"},{"key":"1151_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-023-00912-5","author":"H Mavisoy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mavisoy H, Vallejos ARR, Narv\u00e1ez-Herrera JP, S\u00e1nchez \u00c1, Fangueiro D, de Almeida AM (2023) Using silvopastoral systems for the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from livestock in the Colombian Amazon. Agrofor Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-023-00912-5","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"1151_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/btp.12225","volume":"47","author":"ME McGroddy","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGroddy ME, Lerner AM, Burbano DV, Schneider LC, Rudel TK (2015) Carbon stocks in silvopastoral systems: a study from four communities in southeastern ecuador. Biotropica 47(4):407\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/btp.12225","journal-title":"Biotropica"},{"key":"1151_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montagnini, F., & Nair, P. K. R. (2004). Carbon sequestration: An underexploited environmental benefit of agroforestry systems. In Agroforestry Systems (Vol. 61). http:\/\/unfcc.int","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-2424-1_20"},{"key":"1151_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004783502067","volume":"219","author":"R Parfitt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parfitt R, Newman R (2000) 13C NMR study of pine needle decomposition. Plant Soil 219:273\u2013278","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"issue":"10","key":"1151_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pclm.0000074","volume":"1","author":"A Parodi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parodi A, Valencia-Salazar S, Loboguerrero AM, Mart\u00ednez-Bar\u00f3n D, Murgueitio E, V\u00e1zquez-Rowe I (2022) The sustainable transformation of the Colombian cattle sector: assessing its circularity. PLOS Climate 1(10):e0000074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pclm.0000074","journal-title":"PLOS Climate"},{"key":"1151_CR40","unstructured":"Penman, J., Gytarsky, M., Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Kruger, D., Pipatti, R., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., Tanabe, K., Wagner, F., & IPCC. (2003). Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry. In Ipcc."},{"key":"1151_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2018.12.015","author":"J Pezzopane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pezzopane J, Nicodemo M, Garcia A, Lulu. (2019) Animal thermal comfort indexes in SPS with different tree arrangements. J Therm Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2018.12.015","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"1151_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2020.114900","author":"KL Polan\u00eda-Hincapi\u00e9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Polan\u00eda-Hincapi\u00e9 KL, Olaya-Montes A, Cherubin MR, Herrera-Valencia W, Ortiz-Morea FA, Silva-Olaya AM (2021) Soil physical quality responses to silvopastoral implementation in Colombian Amazon. Geoderma. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.geoderma.2020.114900","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"1151_CR43","unstructured":"PopulationPyramid. (2024, October 25). Lista de pa\u00edses ordenados por poblaci\u00f3n. https:\/\/www.populationpyramid.net\/"},{"key":"1151_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gecco.2019.e00606","author":"Y Qi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qi Y, Wei W, Chen C, Chen L (2019) Plant root-shoot biomass allocation over diverse biomes: a global synthesis. Global Ecol Conserv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gecco.2019.e00606","journal-title":"Global Ecol Conserv"},{"issue":"1134470","key":"1151_CR45","first-page":"1","volume":"298","author":"D Reang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reang D, Hazarika A, Sileshi G, Pandey R, Das A, Nath A (2021) Assessing tree diversity and carbon storage during land use transitioning from shifting cultivation to indigenous agroforestry systems: Implications for REDD+ iniciatives. J Envirn Manag 298(1134470):1\u201311","journal-title":"J Envirn Manag"},{"key":"1151_CR46","unstructured":"Di Renzo, J., Balzarani, M., Robledo, C., Casanoves, F., Gonzalez, L., & Tablada, E. (2008). InfoStat, Software Estad\u00edstico. https:\/\/www.infostat.com.ar\/"},{"key":"1151_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(02)00459-0","volume":"171","author":"C Ribeiro","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ribeiro C, Madeira M, Ara\u00fajo MC (2002) Decomposition and nutrient release from leaf litter of Eucalyptus globulus grown under different water and nutrient regimes. For Ecol Manage 171:31\u201341","journal-title":"For Ecol Manage"},{"key":"1151_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10457-024-00969-w","author":"R Salazar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salazar R, Alegre J, Pizarro D, Duff AJ, Garc\u00eda C, G\u00f3mez C (2024) Soil carbon stock potential in pastoral and silvopastoral systems in the peruvian amazon. Agrofor Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-024-00969-w","journal-title":"Agrofor Syst"},{"issue":"01","key":"1151_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.4236\/ojf.2018.81007","volume":"08","author":"G S\u00e1nchez","year":"2018","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez G, del Pino A, Hern\u00e1ndez J (2018) Decomposition of eucalyptus sp and pinus taeda harvest residues under controlled temperature and moisture conditions. Open Journal of Forestry 08(01):87\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/ojf.2018.81007","journal-title":"Open Journal of Forestry"},{"key":"1151_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2020.102796","author":"MVM Sarto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sarto MVM, Borges WLB, Sarto JRW, Rice CW, Rosolem CA (2020) Root and shoot interactions in a tropical integrated crop\u2013livestock\u2013forest system. Agric Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agsy.2020.102796","journal-title":"Agric Syst"},{"key":"1151_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2022.108290","author":"F Schinato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schinato F, Munka MC, Olmos VM, Bussoni AT (2023) Microclimate, forage production and carbon storage in a eucalypt-based silvopastoral system. Agric, Ecosyst Environ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agee.2022.108290","journal-title":"Agric, Ecosyst Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"1151_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/1747423X.2018.1542463","volume":"13","author":"LC Schneider","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schneider LC, Lerner AM, McGroddy M, Rudel T (2018) Assessing carbon sequestration of silvopastoral tropical landscapes using optical remote sensing and field measurements. J Land Use Sci 13(5):455\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1747423X.2018.1542463","journal-title":"J Land Use Sci"},{"issue":"55","key":"1151_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116459","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20305-y","volume":"30","author":"P Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma P, Bhardwaj DR, Singh MK, Nigam R, Pala NA, Kumar A, Thakur P (2023) Geospatial technology in agroforestry: status, prospects, and constraints. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30(55):116459\u2013116487","journal-title":"Environ Sci Pollut Res"},{"key":"1151_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13593-023-00912-w","author":"IA Siddique","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siddique IA, Grados D, Chen J, L\u00e6rke PE, J\u00f8rgensen U (2023) Soil organic carbon stock change following perennialization: a meta-analysis. Agron Sustain Dev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13593-023-00912-w","journal-title":"Agron Sustain Dev"},{"key":"1151_CR55","unstructured":"Smurfit-Kappa. (2009). Departamento de Investigaci\u00f3n Forestal Smurfit Kappa Colombia. Silvicultura y Productividad. https:\/\/repositorio.unal.edu.co\/bitstream\/handle\/unal\/69838\/AdrianaTovar.2018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"},{"key":"1151_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2023.116726","volume":"440","author":"Jonas P Steinfeld","year":"2023","unstructured":"Steinfeld Jonas P et al (2023) Increasing complexity of agroforestry systems benefits nutrient cycling and mineral-associated organic carbon storage, in south-eastern Brazil. Geoderma. 440:116726","journal-title":"Geoderma."},{"key":"1151_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12257","author":"D Temesgen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Temesgen D, Gonz\u00e1lo J, Turri\u00f3n MB (2016) Eucalyptus plantations on soil quality attributes in highly acidic soils of the central highlands of Ethiopia. Soil Use Manag. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sum.12257","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag"},{"key":"1151_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su15010449","author":"B Torres","year":"2023","unstructured":"Torres B, Bravo C, Torres A, Tip\u00e1n-Torres C, Vargas JC, Herrera-Feijoo RJ, Heredia-R M, Barba C, Garc\u00eda A (2023) Carbon stock assessment in silvopastoral systems along an elevational gradient: a study from cattle producers in the sumaco biosphere reserve. Ecuad Amazon Sustain (Switzerland). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15010449","journal-title":"Ecuad Amazon. Sustain (Switzerland)."},{"issue":"2","key":"1151_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2005","DOI":"10.21897\/rmvz.2005","volume":"26","author":"Andres Felipe Usuga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Usuga Andres Felipe et al (2021) An\u00e1lisis de la variaci\u00f3n de la calidad de leche en Colombia 2008\u20132019.\". Revista MVZ C\u00f3rdoba 26(2):e2005\u2013e2005","journal-title":"Revista MVZ C\u00f3rdoba"},{"key":"1151_CR60","unstructured":"Valderrama, `P, Gonz\u00e9lez, A., Guti\u00e9rrez, E., Romero, C., Portillo, C., Fonseca, M., G\u00f3mez, J., M\u00e9ndez, D., Castro, L., & Tora, A. (2022). Plan de Ordenamiento Productivo Cadena L\u00e1ctea en Colombia."},{"issue":"2","key":"1151_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1111\/sum.12799","volume":"38","author":"FG Valenzuela Que","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valenzuela Que FG, Villanueva-L\u00f3pez G, Alcudia-Aguilar A, Medrano-P\u00e9rez OR, C\u00e1mara-Cabrales L, Mart\u00ednez-Zurimendi P, Casanova-Lugo F, Aryal DR (2022) Silvopastoral systems improve carbon stocks at livestock ranches in Tabasco. M Soil Use Manag 38(2):1237\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sum.12799","journal-title":"M Soil Use Manag"},{"key":"1151_CR62","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"CE Van Wagner","year":"1982","unstructured":"Van Wagner CE, River C, Ontario C (1982) Practical aspects of the line intersects method. Can For Serv 12:1\u201314","journal-title":"Can For Serv"},{"key":"1151_CR63","unstructured":"Velarde, C., & Quiroz, C. (2003). The development of livestock production systems in the Andean region - Implications for smallholder producers (A. Rosati, A. Tewolde, & C. Mosconi, Eds.; Vol. 1). Wageningen Academic."},{"key":"1151_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-03021-6","author":"J Velarde-Guill\u00e9n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Velarde-Guill\u00e9n J, Arndt C, G\u00f3mez CA (2022) Carbon footprint in latin American dairy systems. Trop Anim Heal Prod. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-021-03021-6","journal-title":"Trop Anim Heal Prod"},{"key":"1151_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tfp.2024.100677","author":"CN Vigo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vigo CN, Oclocho-Garcia FE, Iliqu\u00edn Trigoso D, Oliva-Cruz M (2024) Influence of Eucalyptus globulus plantations on soil characteristics at different altitudinal levels. Trees, Forests People. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tfp.2024.100677","journal-title":"Trees, Forests People."},{"key":"1151_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(98)00151-5","volume":"31","author":"M Wedderburn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wedderburn M, Carter J (1999) Litter decomposition by four functional tree types for use in silvopastoral systems. Soil Biol Biochem 31:455\u2013461","journal-title":"Soil Biol Biochem"},{"key":"1151_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2023.101511","volume":"60","author":"JJ Wells","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wells JJ, Stringer LC, Woodhead AJ, Wandrag EM (2023) Towards a holistic understanding of non-native tree impacts on ecosystem services: a review of Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pinus in Africa. Ecosyst Services 60:101511","journal-title":"Ecosyst Services"},{"key":"1151_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29987","author":"R Zomer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zomer R, Neufeldt H, Xu J, Ahrends A, Bossio D, Trabucco A, Noordwijk M, Wang M (2016) Global tree cover and biomass carbon on agricultural land: the contribution of agroforestry to global and national carbon budgets. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep29987","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Agroforestry Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10457-025-01151-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10457-025-01151-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10457-025-01151-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T16:28:36Z","timestamp":1740760116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10457-025-01151-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10457-025-01151-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4366","1572-9680"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4366","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9680","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"49"}}