{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T14:07:23Z","timestamp":1768399643097,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]],"date-time":"2014-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Oper Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-014-1666-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,6]],"date-time":"2014-08-06T18:56:31Z","timestamp":1407351391000},"page":"695-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The assessment of cities\u2019 livability integrating human wellbeing and environmental impact"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Zanella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A. S.","family":"Camanho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T. G.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1666_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018968909638","volume":"73","author":"R Allen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Allen, R., Athanassopoulos, A. D., Dyson, R. G., & Thanassoulis, E. (1997). Weights restrictions and value judgments in data envelopment analysis: Evolution, development and future directions. Annals of Operations Research, 73, 13\u201364.","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"1666_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021340616758","volume":"116","author":"L Angulo-Meza","year":"2002","unstructured":"Angulo-Meza, L., & Lins, M. E. (2002). Review of methods for increasing discrimination in data envelopment analysis. Annals of Operations Research, 116(1\u20134), 225\u2013242.","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"key":"1666_CR3","unstructured":"Artemis Information Management. (2012). Final draft glossary on Urban Audit statistics. Technical report, Artemis Information Management SA: Luxembourg."},{"key":"1666_CR4","unstructured":"Australian Department of Infrastructure and Transport. (2010). State of Australian cities 2010. Technical report, Department of infrastructure and transport\u2014Major cities unit, Canberra, Australia."},{"key":"1666_CR5","unstructured":"Australian Department of Infrastructure and Transport. (2012). State of Australian Cities 2012. Department of infrastructure and transport\u2014Major cities unit, Canberra, Australia: Technical report."},{"key":"1666_CR6","unstructured":"Chambers, R. G. (1996). A new look at input, output, productivity and technical change measurement. Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station. University of Maryland, College Park."},{"issue":"2","key":"1666_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1006\/jeth.1996.0096","volume":"70","author":"RG Chambers","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chambers, R. G., Chung, Y., & Fare, R. (1996). Benefit and distance functions. Journal of Economic Theory, 70(2), 407\u2013419.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"1666_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-006-9029-7","volume":"82","author":"L Cherchye","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cherchye, L., Moesen, W., Rogge, N., & Van Puyenbroeck, T. (2007). An introduction to benefit of the doubt composite indicators. Social Indicators Research, 82(1), 111\u2013145.","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"1666_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2602445","volume":"59","author":"L Cherchye","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cherchye, L., Moesen, W., Rogge, N., Van Puyenbroeck, T., Saisana, M., Saltelli, A., et al. (2008). Creating composite indicators with DEA and robustness analysis: The case of the technology achievement index. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 59(2), 239\u2013251.","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"1666_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1006\/jema.1997.0146","volume":"51","author":"Y Chung","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chung, Y., Fare, R., & Grosskopf, S. (1997). Productivity and undesirable outputs: A directional distance function approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 51(3), 229\u2013240.","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"},{"issue":"11","key":"1666_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.36.11.1302","volume":"36","author":"WD Cook","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cook, W. D., & Kress, M. (1990). A data envelopment model for aggregating preference rankings. Management Science, 36(11), 1302\u20131310.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"1666_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2601253","volume":"53","author":"DK Despotis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Despotis, D. K. (2002). Improving the discriminating power of DEA: Focus on globally efficient units. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 53(3), 314\u2013323.","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"8","key":"1666_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2601927","volume":"56","author":"DK Despotis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Despotis, D. K. (2004). A reassessment of the human development index via data envelopment analysis. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 56(8), 969\u2013980.","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"5","key":"1666_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2004.07.002","volume":"33","author":"DK Despotis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Despotis, D. K. (2005). Measuring human development via data envelopment analysis: The case of Asia and the Pacific. Omega, 33(5), 385\u2013390.","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"2","key":"1666_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(00)00149-1","volume":"132","author":"RG Dyson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dyson, R. G., Allen, R., Camanho, A. S., Podinovski, V. V., Sarrico, C. S., & Shale, E. A. (2001). Pitfalls and protocols in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, 132(2), 245\u2013259.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"1666_CR16","unstructured":"English Department for Communities and Local Government. (2006). State of the english cities: Liveability in english cities. Technical report, Department for Communities and Local Government, London, England."},{"key":"1666_CR17","unstructured":"European Communities. (2004). Urban audit methodological handbook. Technical report: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg."},{"key":"1666_CR18","unstructured":"European Communities. (2014). Urban development, Urban Audit. http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/regional_policy\/activity\/urban\/audit\/index_en.cfm . 21 April, 2014."},{"key":"1666_CR19","volume-title":"New directions: Efficiency and productivity","author":"R Fare","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fare, R., & Grosskopf, S. (2005). New directions: Efficiency and productivity (1st ed.). New York: Springer.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"1","key":"1666_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2307\/1928055","volume":"71","author":"R Fare","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fare, R., Grosskopf, S., Lovell, C. A. K., & Pasurka, C. (1989). Multilateral productivity comparisons when some outputs are undesirable: A nonparametric approach. Review of Economics and Statistics, 71(1), 90\u201398.","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1666_CR21","first-page":"66","volume":"84","author":"R Fare","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fare, R., Grosskopf, S., Norris, M., & Zhang, Z. (1994). Productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change in industrialized countries. American Economic Review, 84(1), 66\u201383.","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"issue":"7","key":"1666_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2006.09.005","volume":"32","author":"R Fare","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fare, R., Grosskopf, S., & Pasurka, C. A, Jr. (2007). Environmental production functions and environmental directional distance functions. Energy, 32(7), 1055\u20131066.","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"1666_CR23","volume-title":"The measurement of poductive efficiency and productivit growth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fried, H. O., Lovell, C. A. K., & Schmidt, S. S. (Eds.). (2008). The measurement of poductive efficiency and productivit growth. USA: Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"1666_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.15807\/jorsj.39.475","volume":"39","author":"A Hashimoto","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hashimoto, A. (1996). A DEA selection system for selective examinations. Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan, 39(4), 475\u2013485.","journal-title":"Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan"},{"issue":"11","key":"1666_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/1350485032000133381","volume":"10","author":"B Hollingsworth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hollingsworth, B., & Smith, P. (2003). Use of ratios in data envelopment analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 10(11), 733\u2013735.","journal-title":"Applied Economics Letters"},{"key":"1666_CR26","unstructured":"Koopmans, T. (1951). Analysis of production as an efficient combination of activities. In T. C. Koopmans (Ed.), Activity analysis of production and allocation (pp. 33\u201397). New York: Wiley."},{"issue":"5","key":"1666_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2010.10.008","volume":"39","author":"T Kuosmanen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuosmanen, T., & Matin, R. K. (2011). Duality of weakly disposable technology. Omega, 39(5), 504\u2013512.","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"1666_CR28","first-page":"177","volume":"173","author":"WB Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu, W. B., Meng, W., Li, X. X., & Zhang, D. Q. (2009). DEA models with undesirable inputs and outputs. Annals of Operations Research, 173(1), 177\u2013194.","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1666_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-5273(94)00067-K","volume":"39","author":"CAK Lovell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovell, C. A. K. (1995). Measuring the macroeconomic performance of the taiwanese economy. International Journal of Production Economics, 39(1\u20132), 165\u2013178.","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Economics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1666_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(95)00226-X","volume":"87","author":"CAK Lovell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lovell, C. A. K., Pastor, J. T., & Turner, J. A. (1995). Measuring macroeconomic performance in the OECD: A comparison of european and non-european countries. European Journal of Operational Research, 87(3), 507\u2013518.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"1666_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2010.04.012","volume":"69","author":"AJ Macpherson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Macpherson, A. J., Principe, P. P., & Smith, E. R. (2010). A directional distance function approach to regional environmental-economic assessments. Ecological Economics, 69(10), 1918\u20131925.","journal-title":"Ecological Economics"},{"key":"1666_CR32","unstructured":"Mahlberg, B., & Obersteiner, M. (2001). Remeasuring the HDI by data envelopment analysis. Technical report, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria."},{"key":"1666_CR33","unstructured":"Merriam-Webster. (2013). Livability. http:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com . 19 July 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"1666_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2010.09.003","volume":"39","author":"P Morais","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morais, P., & Camanho, A. S. (2011). Evaluation of performance of European cities with the aim to promote quality of life improvements. Omega, 39(4), 398\u2013409.","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"4","key":"1666_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(99)00009-2","volume":"44","author":"PWG Newman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Newman, P. W. G. (1999). Sustainability and cities: Extending the metabolism model. Landscape and Urban Planning, 44(4), 219\u2013226.","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"1666_CR36","unstructured":"Newman, P. W. G., Birrell, B., Holmes, D., Mathers, C., Newton, P., Oakley, G., et al. (1996). Human settlements: Australia state of the environmental 1996. Technical report, Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO Publishing."},{"key":"1666_CR37","unstructured":"Newton, P., Baum, S., Bhatia, K., Brown, S., Cameron, S., Foran, B., Grant, T., Mak, S., Memmott, P., Mitchell, G., Neate, K., Smith, N., Stimson, R., Pears, A., Tucker, S., & Yencken, E. (2001). Human settlements: Australia state of the environment 2001. Technical report, CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Heritage, Canberra."},{"key":"1666_CR38","unstructured":"Oregon Department of Transportation. (2011). Livability and quality of life indicators. Technical report, Oregon Department of Transportation. http:\/\/www.oregon.gov\/ODOT\/TD\/TP\/docs\/LCP\/Livability.pdf?ga=t ."},{"issue":"2","key":"1666_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reseneeco.2004.07.001","volume":"27","author":"AJ Picazo-Tadeo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Picazo-Tadeo, A. J., Reig-Martinez, E., & Hernandez-Sancho, F. (2005). Directional distance functions and environmental regulation. Resource and Energy Economics, 27(2), 131\u2013142.","journal-title":"Resource and Energy Economics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1666_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-010-9134-2","volume":"6","author":"A Pichardo-Muiz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pichardo-Muiz, A. (2011). The role of diseconomies of transportation and public safety problems in the measurement of urban quality of life. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 6(4), 363\u2013386.","journal-title":"Applied Research in Quality of Life"},{"issue":"3","key":"1666_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2009.11.035","volume":"204","author":"BK Sahoo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sahoo, B. K., & Acharya, D. (2010). An alternative approach to monetary aggregation in DEA. European Journal of Operational Research, 204(3), 672\u2013682.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"1666_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1108\/01443581211192116","volume":"39","author":"BK Sahoo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sahoo, B. K., & Acharya, D. (2012). Constructing macroeconomic performance index of indian states using DEA. Journal of Economic Studies, 39(1), 63\u201383.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"1666_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2011.07.017","volume":"215","author":"BK Sahoo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sahoo, B. K., Luptacik, M., & Mahlberg, B. (2011). Alternative measures of environmental technology structure in DEA: An application. European Journal of Operational Research, 215(3), 750\u2013762.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"1666_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(00)00160-0","volume":"132","author":"H Scheel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scheel, H. (2001). Undesirable outputs in efficiency valuations. European Journal of Operational Research, 132(2), 400\u2013410.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"1666_CR45","unstructured":"Thanassoulis, E., Portela, M. C., & Allen, R. (2004). Incorporating value judgments in DEA. In W. W. Cooper, L. M. Seiford & J. Zhu (Eds.), Handbook on data envelopment analysis. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers."},{"key":"1666_CR46","unstructured":"Urban Audit. (2010). Urban audit glossary. Technical report, Urban Audit, Luxembourg."},{"issue":"9","key":"1666_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1990.120","volume":"41","author":"YHB Wong","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wong, Y. H. B., & Beasley, J. E. (1990). Restricting weight flexibility in data envelopment analysis. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 41(9), 829\u2013835.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"1666_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2006.12.020","volume":"62","author":"P Zhou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhou, P., Ang, B., & Poh, K. (2007). A mathematical programming approach to constructing composite indicators. Ecological Economics, 62(2), 291\u2013297.","journal-title":"Ecological Economics"}],"container-title":["Annals of Operations Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-014-1666-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10479-014-1666-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-014-1666-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T16:44:52Z","timestamp":1565714692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10479-014-1666-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1666"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-014-1666-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-5330","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9338","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,7]]}}}