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Here, we investigated the antimicrobial and tumoral anti-proliferative bioactivities of twenty-three marine and estuarine bacteria of the fascinating phylum <jats:italic>Planctomycetota<\/jats:italic>. This was achieved through extraction of compounds produced by the <jats:italic>Planctomycetota<\/jats:italic> cultured in oligotrophic medium followed by an antimicrobial screening against ten relevant human pathogens including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Cytotoxic effects of the extracts were also evaluated against five tumoral cell lines. Moderate to potent activities were obtained against <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis,<\/jats:italic> methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and vancomycin-sensitive and vancomycin-resistant <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>. Anti-fungal effects were observed against <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>. The highest cytotoxic effects were observed against human breast, pancreas and melanoma tumoral cell lines. <jats:italic>Novipirellula caenicola<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Rhodopirellula<\/jats:italic> spp. strains displayed the widest spectrum of bioactivities while <jats:italic>Rubinisphaera margarita<\/jats:italic> ICM_H10<jats:sup>T\u00a0<\/jats:sup>affected all Gram-positive bacteria tested. LC-HRMS analysis of the extracts did not reveal the presence of any known bioactive natural product, suggesting that the observed activities are most likely caused by novel molecules, that need identification. In summary, we expanded the scope of planctomycetal species investigated for bioactivities and demonstrated that various strains are promising sources of novel bioactive compounds, which reenforces the potential biotechnological prospects offered by <jats:italic>Planctomycetota<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10482-023-01923-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T13:02:12Z","timestamp":1706014932000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Uncovering the biotechnological capacity of marine and brackish water Planctomycetota"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"In\u00eas R.","family":"Vitorino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eug\u00e9nia","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Mackenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"de la Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisca","family":"Vicente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Olga M.","family":"Lage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1923_CR1","first-page":"277","volume":"127","author":"D Acehan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Acehan D, Santarella-Mellwig R, Devos DP (2014) A bacterial tubulovesicular network. 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