{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T19:03:23Z","timestamp":1775934203934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":265,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]],"date-time":"2008-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]],"date-time":"2008-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Apoptosis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-008-0187-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]],"date-time":"2008-03-06T00:10:30Z","timestamp":1204762230000},"page":"463-482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Secondary necrosis in multicellular animals: an outcome of apoptosis with pathogenic implications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Manuel T.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"do Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno M. N.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"187_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(65)90099-5","volume":"11","author":"RA Lockshin","year":"1965","unstructured":"Lockshin RA, Williams CM (1965) Programmed cell death. I. Cytology of degeneration in the intersegmental muscles of the Pernyi Silkmoth. J Insect Physiol 11:123\u2013133","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"187_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1972.33","volume":"26","author":"JF Kerr","year":"1972","unstructured":"Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR (1972) Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 26:239\u2013257","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"187_CR3","first-page":"87","volume":"13","author":"JF Kerr","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kerr JF, Searle J (1973) Deletion of cells by apoptosis during castration-induced involution of the rat prostate. Virchows Arch 13:87\u2013102","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"187_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711160302","volume":"116","author":"J Searle","year":"1975","unstructured":"Searle J, Lawson TA, Abbott PJ, Harmon B, Kerr JFR (1975) An electron-microscopic study of the mode of cell death induced by cancer-chemotherapeutic agents in populations of proliferating and neoplastic cells. J Pathol 116:129\u2013138","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"187_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1977.38","volume":"55","author":"MM Don","year":"1977","unstructured":"Don MM, Ablett G, Bishop CJ et\u00a0al (1977) Death of cells by apoptosis following attachment of specifically allergized lymphocytes in vitro. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci 55:407\u2013417","journal-title":"Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci"},{"key":"187_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711260307","volume":"126","author":"AM Robertson","year":"1978","unstructured":"Robertson AM, Bird CC, Waddell AW, Currie AR (1978) Morphological aspects of glucocorticoid-induced cell death in human lymphoblastoid cells. J Pathol 126:181\u2013187","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"187_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62312-8","volume":"68","author":"AH Wyllie","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wyllie AH, Kerr JF, Currie AR (1980) Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. Int Rev Cytol 68:251\u2013306","journal-title":"Int Rev Cytol"},{"key":"187_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04868.x","volume":"58","author":"RD Silva","year":"2005","unstructured":"Silva RD, Sotoca R, Johansson B et\u00a0al (2005) Hyperosmotic stress induces metacaspase- and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 58:824\u2013834","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"187_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/15216540500090553","volume":"57","author":"P Ludovico","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ludovico P, Madeo F, Silva M (2005) Yeast programmed cell death: an intricate puzzle. IUBMB Life 57:129\u2013135","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"187_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400852","volume":"8","author":"W Bursch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bursch W (2001) The autophagosomal-lysosomal compartment in programmed cell death. Cell Death Differ 8:569\u2013581","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2006.06.014","volume":"1757","author":"N Festjens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Festjens N, Vanden Berghe T, Vandenabeele P (2006) Necrosis, a well-orchestrated form of cell demise: signalling cascades, important mediators and concomitant immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta 1757:1371\u20131387","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"187_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1038\/35085008","volume":"2","author":"M Leist","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leist M, Jaattela M (2001) Four deaths and a funeral: from caspases to alternative mechanisms. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2:589\u2013598","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"187_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401724","volume":"12","author":"G Kroemer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kroemer G, El-Deiry WS, Golstein P et\u00a0al (2005) Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death. Cell Death Differ 12(Suppl):1463\u20131467","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402148","volume":"14","author":"L Galluzzi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Galluzzi L, Maiuri MC, Vitale I et\u00a0al (2007) Cell death modalities: classification and pathophysiological implications. Cell Death Differ 14:1237\u20131243","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(06)78006-1","volume":"78","author":"D Gozuacik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gozuacik D, Kimchi A (2007) Autophagy and cell death. Curr Top Dev Biol 78:217\u2013245","journal-title":"Curr Top Dev Biol"},{"key":"187_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4827(02)00027-7","volume":"283","author":"SY Proskuryakov","year":"2003","unstructured":"Proskuryakov SY, Konoplyannikov AG, Gabai VL (2003) Necrosis: a specific form of programmed cell death? Exp Cell Res 283:1\u201316","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"187_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1376506","volume":"20","author":"WX Zong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zong WX, Thompson CB (2006) Necrotic death as a cell fate. Genes Dev 20:1\u201315","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"187_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2006.11.001","volume":"32","author":"P Golstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Golstein P, Kroemer G (2007) Cell death by necrosis: towards a molecular definition. Trends Biochem Sci 32:37\u201343","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"187_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207528","volume":"23","author":"M Castedo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Castedo M, Perfettini JL, Roumier T, Andreau K, Medema R, Kroemer G (2004) Cell death by mitotic catastrophe: a molecular definition. Oncogene 23:2825\u20132837","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"187_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.01036.x","volume":"9","author":"SL Fink","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fink SL, Cookson BT (2007) Pyroptosis and host cell death responses during Salmonella infection. Cell Microbiol 9:2562\u20132570","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"187_CR21","first-page":"G1","volume":"276","author":"JJV Lemasters","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lemasters JJV (1999) Necrapoptosis and the mitochondrial permeability transition: shared pathways to necrosis and apoptosis. Am J Physiol 276:G1\u2013G6","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"187_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio711","volume":"1","author":"A Degterev","year":"2005","unstructured":"Degterev A, Huang Z, Boyce M et\u00a0al (2005) Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury. Nat Chem Biol 1:112\u2013119","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"187_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2006.03.005","volume":"27","author":"PM Henson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Henson PM, Hume DA (2006) Apoptotic cell removal in development and tissue homeostasis. Trends Immunol 27:244\u2013250","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2007.05.009","volume":"17","author":"PM Domingos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Domingos PM, Steller H (2007) Pathways regulating apoptosis during patterning and development. Curr Opin Genet Devel 17:294\u2013299","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Devel"},{"key":"187_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.9.13.7557017","volume":"9","author":"G Kroemer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kroemer G, Petit P, Zamzami N, Vayssiere JL, Mignotte B (1995) The biochemistry of programmed cell death. FASEB J 9:1277\u20131287","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"187_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1070280408","volume":"28","author":"CM Payne","year":"1994","unstructured":"Payne CM, Glasser L, Tischler ME et\u00a0al (1994) Programmed cell death of the normal human neutrophil: an in vitro model of senescence. Microsc Res Tech 28:327\u2013344","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"187_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3105","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.7.3105","volume":"157","author":"MJ Hebert","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hebert MJ, Takano T, Holthofer H, Brady HR (1996) Sequential morphologic events during apoptosis of human neutrophils. Modulation by lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. J Immunol 157:3105\u20133115","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410000193","volume":"301","author":"G Hacker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hacker G (2000) The morphology of apoptosis. Cell Tissue Res 301:5\u201317","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"187_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000009880.94044.49","volume":"256\u2013257","author":"VP Skulachev","year":"2004","unstructured":"Skulachev VP, Bakeeva LE, Chernyak BV et\u00a0al (2004) Thread-grain transition of mitochondrial reticulum as a step of mitoptosis and apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 256\u2013257:341\u2013358","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"187_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04893.x","volume":"58","author":"A do Vale","year":"2005","unstructured":"do Vale A, Silva MT, dos Santos NM et\u00a0al (2005) AIP56, a novel plasmid-encoded virulence factor of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida with apoptogenic activity against sea bass macrophages and neutrophils. Mol Microbiol 58:1025\u20131038","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"187_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2006.00846.x","volume":"9","author":"A do Vale","year":"2007","unstructured":"do Vale A, Costa-Ramos C, Silva A et\u00a0al (2007) Systemic macrophage and neutrophil destruction by secondary necrosis induced by a bacterial exotoxin in a Gram-negative septicaemia. Cell Microbiol 9:988\u20131003","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"187_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-4648(02)00144-4","volume":"15","author":"A do Vale","year":"2003","unstructured":"do Vale A, Marques F, Silva MT (2003) Apoptosis of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) neutrophils and macrophages induced by experimental infection with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida. Fish Shellfish Immunol 15:129\u2013144","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990130802","volume":"13","author":"Z Darzynkiewicz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Darzynkiewicz Z, Bruno S, Del Bino G et\u00a0al (1992) Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry. Cytometry 13:795\u2013808","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"187_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0320(20010501)44:1<57::AID-CYTO1082>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"44","author":"L Zamai","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zamai L, Canonico B, Luchetti F et\u00a0al (2001) Supravital exposure to propidium iodide identifies apoptosis on adherent cells. Cytometry 44:57\u201364","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"187_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/356397a0","volume":"356","author":"MC Raff","year":"1992","unstructured":"Raff MC (1992) Social controls on cell survival and cell death. Nature 356:397\u2013400","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"187_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1038\/35037710","volume":"407","author":"MO Hengartner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hengartner MO (2000) The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature 407:770\u2013776","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"187_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-5881-9","volume":"11","author":"VP Skulachev","year":"2006","unstructured":"Skulachev VP (2006) Bioenergetic aspects of apoptosis, necrosis, mitoptosis. Apoptosis 11:473\u2013485","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"187_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-6712-8","volume":"11","author":"N Hail Jr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hail N Jr, Carter BZ, Konopleva M, Andreeff M (2006) Apoptosis effector mechanisms: a requiem performed in different keys. Apoptosis 11:889\u2013904","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"187_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2239","volume":"8","author":"MC Maiuri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maiuri MC, Zalckvar E, Kimchi A, Kroemer G (2007) Self-eating and self-killing: crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:741\u2013752","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"187_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2005.01.009","volume":"1708","author":"A Atlante","year":"2005","unstructured":"Atlante A, Giannattasio S, Bobba A et\u00a0al (2005) An increase in the ATP levels occurs in cerebellar granule cells en route to apoptosis in which ATP derives from both oxidative phosphorylation and anaerobic glycolysis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1708:50\u201362","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"187_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.09.019","volume":"363","author":"MV Zamaraeva","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zamaraeva MV, Sabirov RZ, Manabe K, Okada Y (2007) Ca(2+)-dependent glycolysis activation mediates apoptotic ATP elevation in HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 363:687\u2013693","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"187_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207559","volume":"23","author":"P Nicotera","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nicotera P, Melino G (2004) Regulation of the apoptosis\u2013necrosis switch. Oncogene 23:2757\u20132765","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"187_CR43","first-page":"3","volume":"146","author":"G Majno","year":"1995","unstructured":"Majno G, Joris I (1995) Apoptosis, oncosis, and necrosis. An overview of cell death. Am J Pathol 146:3\u201315","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"187_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2005.00586.x","volume":"34","author":"Z Sladek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sladek Z, Rysanek D (2005) Tissue pool neutrophils of the bovine mammary gland: ultrastructural features during in vitro senescence. Anat Histol Embryol 34:159\u2013166","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embryol"},{"key":"187_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2005.09.012","volume":"312","author":"KA Orlando","year":"2006","unstructured":"Orlando KA, Stone NL, Pittman RN (2006) Rho kinase regulates fragmentation and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Exp Cell Res 312:5\u201315","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"187_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1039\/b108291d","volume":"1","author":"JM Sheehan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sheehan JM, Young AR (2002) The sunburn cell revisited: an update on mechanistic aspects. Photochem Photobiol Sci 1:365\u2013377","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol Sci"},{"key":"187_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.49.1.119","volume":"49","author":"JW Sheridan","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sheridan JW, Bishop CJ, Simmons RJ (1981) Biophysical and morphological correlates of kinetic change and death in a starved human melanoma cell line. J Cell Sci 49:119\u2013137","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"187_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/35037722","volume":"407","author":"J Savill","year":"2000","unstructured":"Savill J, Fadok V (2000) Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death. Nature 407:784\u2013788","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"187_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011384009787","volume":"4","author":"VA Fadok","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fadok VA (1999) Clearance: the last and often forgotten stage of apoptosis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 4:203\u2013211","journal-title":"J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia"},{"key":"187_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(00)88955-2","volume":"5","author":"M Rabinovitch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rabinovitch M (1995) Professional and non-professional phagocytes: an introduction. Trends Cell Biol 5:85\u201387","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"key":"187_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00598-4","volume":"10","author":"R Parnaik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parnaik R, Raff MC, Scholes J (2000) Differences between the clearance of apoptotic cells by professional and non-professional phagocytes. Curr Biol 10:857\u2013860","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"187_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2004.01959.x","volume":"113","author":"CD Gregory","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gregory CD, Devitt A (2004) The macrophage and the apoptotic cell: an innate immune interaction viewed simplistically? Immunology 113:1\u201314","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"187_CR53","first-page":"3","volume":"27","author":"R van Furth","year":"1981","unstructured":"van Furth R (1981) Current view of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Haematol Blood Transfus 27:3\u201310","journal-title":"Haematol Blood Transfus"},{"key":"187_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-7-143","volume":"7","author":"K Rydell-Tormanen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rydell-Tormanen K, Uller L, Erjefalt JS (2006) Neutrophil cannibalism\u2013a back up when the macrophage clearance system is insufficient. Respir Res 7:143","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"187_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400867","volume":"8","author":"UK Wiegand","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wiegand UK, Corbach S, Prescott AR, Savill J, Spruce BA (2001) The trigger to cell death determines the efficiency with which dying cells are cleared by neighbours. Cell Death Differ 8:734\u2013746","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2004.12.005","volume":"16","author":"PM Mangahas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mangahas PM, Zhou Z (2005) Clearance of apoptotic cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. Semin Cell Dev Biol 16:295\u2013306","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"187_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/32183","volume":"392","author":"ML Albert","year":"1998","unstructured":"Albert ML, Sauter B, Bhardwaj N (1998) Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. Nature 392:86\u201389","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"187_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1663::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"43","author":"P Rovere","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rovere P, Sabbadini MG, Fazzini F et\u00a0al (2000) Remnants of suicidal cells fostering systemic autoaggression. Apoptosis in the origin and maintenance of autoimmunity. Arthritis Rheum 43:1663\u20131672","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"187_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.3.423","volume":"191","author":"B Sauter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sauter B, Albert ML, Francisco L, Larsson M, Somersan S, Bhardwaj N (2000) Consequences of cell death: exposure to necrotic tumor cells, but not primary tissue cells or apoptotic cells, induces the maturation of immunostimulatory dendritic cells. J Exp Med 191:423\u2013434","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"187_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.9.4467","volume":"161","author":"P Rovere","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rovere P, Vallinoto C, Bondanza A et\u00a0al (1998) Bystander apoptosis triggers dendritic cell maturation and antigen-presenting function. J Immunol 161:4467\u20134471","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.3.359","volume":"192","author":"PR Taylor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Taylor PR, Carugati A, Fadok VA et\u00a0al (2000) A hierarchical role for classical pathway complement proteins in the clearance of apoptotic cells in vivo. J Exp Med 192:359\u2013366","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"187_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.1.189","volume":"173","author":"WK Ip","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ip WK, Lau YL (2004) Distinct maturation of, but not migration between, human monocyte-derived dendritic cells upon ingestion of apoptotic cells of early or late phases. J Immunol 173:189\u2013196","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nri11308","volume":"4","author":"ML Albert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Albert ML (2004) Death-defying immunity: do apoptotic cells influence antigen processing and presentation? Nat Rev 4:223\u2013231","journal-title":"Nat Rev"},{"key":"187_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d1298","DOI":"10.2741\/franc","volume":"7","author":"NC Franc","year":"2002","unstructured":"Franc NC (2002) Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in mammals, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster: molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences. Front Biosci 7:d1298\u2013d1313","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"187_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00422-7","volume":"113","author":"K Lauber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lauber K, Bohn E, Krober SM et\u00a0al (2003) Apoptotic cells induce migration of phagocytes via caspase-3-mediated release of a lipid attraction signal. Cell 113:717\u2013730","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"187_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701356911","volume":"40","author":"RB Mueller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mueller RB, Sheriff A, Gaipl US, Wesselborg S, Lauber K (2007) Attraction of phagocytes by apoptotic cells is mediated by lysophosphatidylcholine. Autoimmunity 40:342\u2013344","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"187_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(04)00237-0","volume":"14","author":"K Lauber","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lauber K, Blumenthal SG, Waibel M, Wesselborg S (2004) Clearance of apoptotic cells: getting rid of the corpses. Mol Cell 14:277\u2013287","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"187_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-9527-8","volume":"11","author":"DV Krysko","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krysko DV, D\u2019Herde K, Vandenabeele P (2006) Clearance of apoptotic and necrotic cells and its immunological consequences. Apoptosis 11:1709\u20131726","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"187_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402184","volume":"15","author":"LP Erwig","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erwig LP, Henson PM (2008) Clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytes. Cell Death Differ 15:243\u2013250","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR70","first-page":"964","volume":"7","author":"KS Ravichandran","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ravichandran KS, Lorenz U (2007) Engulfment of apoptotic cells: signals for a good meal. Nat Rev 7:964\u2013974","journal-title":"Nat Rev"},{"key":"187_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(96)10071-2","volume":"17","author":"AO Aliprantis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Aliprantis AO, Diez-Roux G, Mulder LC, Zychlinsky A, Lang RA (1996) Do macrophages kill through apoptosis? Immunol Today 17:573\u2013576","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"187_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.18.3633","volume":"124","author":"G Diez-Roux","year":"1997","unstructured":"Diez-Roux G, Lang RA (1997) Macrophages induce apoptosis in normal cells in vivo. Development (Cambridge, England) 124:3633\u20133638","journal-title":"Development (Cambridge, England)"},{"key":"187_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1997.3918","volume":"240","author":"F Durrieu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Durrieu F, Belloc F, Lacoste L et\u00a0al (1998) Caspase activation is an early event in anthracycline-induced apoptosis and allows detection of apoptotic cells before they are ingested by phagocytes. Exp Cell Res 240:165\u2013175","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"187_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.5.549","volume":"14","author":"D McIlroy","year":"2000","unstructured":"McIlroy D, Tanaka M, Sakahira H et\u00a0al (2000) An auxiliary mode of apoptotic DNA fragmentation provided by phagocytes. Genes Dev 14:549\u2013558","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"187_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4672","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.9.4672","volume":"171","author":"K Kurosaka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kurosaka K, Takahashi M, Watanabe N, Kobayashi Y (2003) Silent cleanup of very early apoptotic cells by macrophages. J Immunol 171:4672\u20134679","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.supplement_1.4","volume":"160","author":"C Haslett","year":"1999","unstructured":"Haslett C (1999) Granulocyte apoptosis and its role in the resolution and control of lung inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:S5\u2013S11","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E03-09-0668","volume":"15","author":"G Brouckaert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brouckaert G, Kalai M, Krysko DV et\u00a0al (2004) Phagocytosis of necrotic cells by macrophages is phosphatidylserine dependent and does not induce inflammatory cytokine production. Mol Biol Cell 15:1089\u20131100","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"187_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401900","volume":"13","author":"DV Krysko","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krysko DV, Denecker G, Festjens N et\u00a0al (2006) Macrophages use different internalization mechanisms to clear apoptotic and necrotic cells. Cell Death Differ 13:2011\u20132022","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1038\/35046585","volume":"2","author":"S Chung","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chung S, Gumienny TL, Hengartner MO, Driscoll M (2000) A common set of engulfment genes mediates removal of both apoptotic and necrotic cell corpses in C. elegans. Nat Cell Biol 2:931\u2013937","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"187_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6520","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.12.6520","volume":"164","author":"UA Hirt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hirt UA, Gantner F, Leist M (2000) Phagocytosis of nonapoptotic cells dying by caspase-independent mechanisms. J Immunol 164:6520\u20136529","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.52.3.269","volume":"52","author":"LC Meagher","year":"1992","unstructured":"Meagher LC, Savill JS, Baker A, Fuller RW, Haslett C (1992) Phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils does not induce macrophage release of thromboxane B2. J Leukoc Biol 52:269\u2013273","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"187_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/37022","volume":"390","author":"RE Voll","year":"1997","unstructured":"Voll RE, Herrmann M, Roth EA, Stach C, Kalden JR, Girkontaite I (1997) Immunosuppressive effects of apoptotic cells. Nature 390:350\u2013351","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"187_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI1112","volume":"101","author":"VA Fadok","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Konowal A, Freed PW, Westcott JY, Henson PM (1998) Macrophages that have ingested apoptotic cells in vitro inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production through autocrine\/paracrine mechanisms involving TGF-beta, PGE2, and PAF. J Clin Invest 101:890\u2013898","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"187_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38376","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M605146200","volume":"281","author":"CG Freire-de-Lima","year":"2006","unstructured":"Freire-de-Lima CG, Xiao YQ, Gardai SJ, Bratton DL, Schiemann WP, Henson PM (2006) Apoptotic cells, through transforming growth factor-beta, coordinately induce anti-inflammatory and suppress pro-inflammatory eicosanoid and NO synthesis in murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 281:38376\u201338384","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"187_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401286","volume":"10","author":"UA Hirt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hirt UA, Leist M (2003) Rapid, noninflammatory and PS-dependent phagocytic clearance of necrotic cells. Cell Death Differ 10:1156\u20131164","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6847","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.11.6847","volume":"166","author":"VA Fadok","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fadok VA, Bratton DL, Guthrie L, Henson PM (2001) Differential effects of apoptotic versus lysed cells on macrophage production of cytokines: role of proteases. J Immunol 166:6847\u20136854","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4663","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508342200","volume":"281","author":"VA Patel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patel VA, Longacre A, Hsiao K et\u00a0al (2006) Apoptotic cells, at all stages of the death process, trigger characteristic signaling events that are divergent from and dominant over those triggered by necrotic cells: Implications for the delayed clearance model of autoimmunity. J Biol Chem 281:4663\u20134670","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"187_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80425-4","volume":"9","author":"M Chautan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chautan M, Chazal G, Cecconi F, Gruss P, Golstein P (1999) Interdigital cell death can occur through a necrotic and caspase-independent pathway. Curr Biol 9:967\u2013970","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"187_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701356721","volume":"40","author":"K Polzer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Polzer K, Schett G, Zwerina J (2007) The lonely death: chondrocyte apoptosis in TNF-induced arthritis. Autoimmunity 40:333\u2013336","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"187_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-401-8_11","volume":"135","author":"SN Redman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Redman SN, Khan IM, Tew SR, Archer CW (2007) In situ detection of cell death in articular cartilage. Methods Mol Med 135:183\u2013200","journal-title":"Methods Mol Med"},{"key":"187_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8788","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M508135200","volume":"281","author":"Y Xu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xu Y, Huang S, Liu ZG, Han J (2006) Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 signaling to mitochondria in necrotic cell death requires RIP1\/TRAF2-mediated JNK1 activation. J Biol Chem 281:8788\u20138795","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"187_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402085","volume":"14","author":"N Festjens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Festjens N, Vanden Berghe T, Cornelis S, Vandenabeele P (2007) RIP1, a kinase on the crossroads of a cell\u2019s decision to live or die. Cell Death Differ 14:400\u2013410","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200511103","volume":"173","author":"M Artal-Sanz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Artal-Sanz M, Samara C, Syntichaki P, Tavernarakis N (2006) Lysosomal biogenesis and function is critical for necrotic cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Cell Biol 173:231\u2013239","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"187_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C817","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00139.2004","volume":"287","author":"PS Brookes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brookes PS, Yoon Y, Robotham JL, Anders MW, Sheu SS (2004) Calcium, ATP, and ROS: a mitochondrial love-hate triangle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 287:C817\u2013C833","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"187_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1150","volume":"4","author":"S Orrenius","year":"2003","unstructured":"Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P (2003) Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552\u2013565","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"187_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401372","volume":"11","author":"J Castro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Castro J, Bittner CX, Humeres A, Montecinos VP, Vera JC, Barros LF (2004) A cytosolic source of calcium unveiled by hydrogen peroxide with relevance for epithelial cell death. Cell Death Differ 11:468\u2013478","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401852","volume":"13","author":"J Castro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Castro J, Ruminot I, Porras OH et\u00a0al (2006) ATP steal between cation pumps: a mechanism linking Na+ influx to the onset of necrotic Ca2+ overload. Cell Death Differ 13:1675\u20131685","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvf138","volume":"3","author":"P Syntichaki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Syntichaki P, Tavernarakis N (2002) Death by necrosis. Uncontrollable catastrophe, or is there order behind the chaos? EMBO Rep 3:604\u2013609","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"187_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4160(98)90116-6","volume":"23","author":"P Nicotera","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nicotera P, Orrenius S (1998) The role of calcium in apoptosis. Cell Calcium 23:173\u2013180","journal-title":"Cell Calcium"},{"key":"187_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00184.x","volume":"10","author":"T Yamashima","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yamashima T, Kohda Y, Tsuchiya K et\u00a0al (1998) Inhibition of ischaemic hippocampal neuronal death in primates with cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074: a novel strategy for neuroprotection based on \u2018calpain-cathepsin hypothesis\u2019. Eur J Neurosci 10:1723\u20131733","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"187_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.23.2.665-676.2003","volume":"23","author":"K Ono","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ono K, Kim SO, Han J (2003) Susceptibility of lysosomes to rupture is a determinant for plasma membrane disruption in tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced cell death. Mol Cell Biol 23:665\u2013676","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"187_CR102","first-page":"1361","volume":"21","author":"G Zahrebelski","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zahrebelski G, Nieminen AL, al-Ghoul K, Qian T, Herman B, Lemasters JJ (1995) Progression of subcellular changes during chemical hypoxia to cultured rat hepatocytes: a laser scanning confocal microscopic study. Hepatology (Baltimore, MD) 21:1361\u20131372","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, MD)"},{"key":"187_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(97)00007-5","volume":"23","author":"UT Brunk","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brunk UT, Dalen H, Roberg K, Hellquist HB (1997) Photo-oxidative disruption of lysosomal membranes causes apoptosis of cultured human fibroblasts. Free Radic Biol Med 23:616\u2013626","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"187_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(01)00438-X","volume":"130","author":"LF Barros","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barros LF, Hermosilla T, Castro J (2001) Necrotic volume increase and the early physiology of necrosis. Comp Biochem Physiol 130:401\u2013409","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"187_CR105","first-page":"1208","volume":"117","author":"LM Buja","year":"1993","unstructured":"Buja LM, Eigenbrodt ML, Eigenbrodt EH (1993) Apoptosis and necrosis. Basic types and mechanisms of cell death. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117:1208\u20131214","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"187_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.9105","volume":"171","author":"J Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen J, Liu X, Mandel LJ, Schnellmann RG (2001) Progressive disruption of the plasma membrane during renal proximal tubule cellular injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 171:1\u201311","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"187_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400877","volume":"8","author":"Y Nishimura","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nishimura Y, Lemasters JJ (2001) Glycine blocks opening of a death channel in cultured hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells during chemical hypoxia. Cell Death Differ 8:850\u2013858","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.043406","volume":"304","author":"X Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu X, Schnellmann RG (2003) Calpain mediates progressive plasma membrane permeability and proteolysis of cytoskeleton-associated paxillin, talin, and vinculin during renal cell death. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 304:63\u201370","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"187_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.1.37","volume":"17","author":"E Bossy-Wetzel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bossy-Wetzel E, Newmeyer DD, Green DR (1998) Mitochondrial cytochrome c release in apoptosis occurs upstream of DEVD-specific caspase activation and independently of mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization. EMBO J 17:37\u201349","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"187_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02743-6","volume":"519","author":"B Gleiss","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gleiss B, Gogvadze V, Orrenius S, Fadeel B (2002) Fas-triggered phosphatidylserine exposure is modulated by intracellular ATP. FEBS Lett 519:153\u2013158","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"187_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401661","volume":"12","author":"MV Zamaraeva","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zamaraeva MV, Sabirov RZ, Maeno E, Ando-Akatsuka Y, Bessonova SV, Okada Y (2005) Cells die with increased cytosolic ATP during apoptosis: a bioluminescence study with intracellular luciferase. Cell Death Differ 12:1390\u20131397","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01209-5","volume":"125","author":"H Jaeschke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jaeschke H, Lemasters JJ (2003) Apoptosis versus oncotic necrosis in hepatic ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Gastroenterology 125:1246\u20131257","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"187_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00618-1","volume":"304","author":"JS Kim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim JS, He L, Lemasters JJ (2003) Mitochondrial permeability transition: a common pathway to necrosis and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 304:463\u2013470","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"187_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2004.02.008","volume":"30","author":"H Honda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Honda H, Kondo T, Zhao QL, Feril LB Jr, Kitagawa H (2004) Role of intracellular calcium ions and reactive oxygen species in apoptosis induced by ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol 30:683\u2013692","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"187_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43227","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403872200","volume":"279","author":"Z Assefa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Assefa Z, Bultynck G, Szlufcik K et\u00a0al (2004) Caspase-3-induced truncation of type 1 inositol trisphosphate receptor accelerates apoptotic cell death and induces inositol trisphosphate-independent calcium release during apoptosis. J Biol Chem 279:43227\u201343236","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"187_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401042","volume":"9","author":"BL Schwab","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schwab BL, Guerini D, Didszun C et\u00a0al (2002) Cleavage of plasma membrane calcium pumps by caspases: a link between apoptosis and necrosis. Cell Death Differ 9:818\u2013831","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6822","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109548200","volume":"277","author":"K Paszty","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paszty K, Verma AK, Padanyi R, Filoteo AG, Penniston JT, Enyedi A (2002) Plasma membrane Ca2+ATPase isoform 4b is cleaved and activated by caspase-3 during the early phase of apoptosis. J Biol Chem 277:6822\u20136829","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"187_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20051012","volume":"391","author":"K Paszty","year":"2005","unstructured":"Paszty K, Antalffy G, Penheiter AR et\u00a0al (2005) The caspase-3 cleavage product of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase 4b is activated and appropriately targeted. Biochem J 391:687\u2013692","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"187_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1387.003","volume":"1099","author":"K Paszty","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paszty K, Antalffy G, Hegedus L et\u00a0al (2007) Cleavage of the plasma membrane Ca+ATPase during apoptosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1099:440\u2013450","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"187_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400999","volume":"9","author":"B Tombal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tombal B, Denmeade SR, Gillis JM, Isaacs JT (2002) A supramicromolar elevation of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) is consistently required to induce the execution phase of apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 9:561\u2013573","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.2.599","volume":"154","author":"Y Oshimi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Oshimi Y, Miyazaki S (1995) Fas antigen-mediated DNA fragmentation and apoptotic morphologic changes are regulated by elevated cytosolic Ca2+ level. J Immunol 154:599\u2013609","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14162","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212255200","volume":"278","author":"RW Neumar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neumar RW, Xu YA, Gada H, Guttmann RP, Siman R (2003) Cross-talk between calpain and caspase proteolytic systems during neuronal apoptosis. J Biol Chem 278:14162\u201314167","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"187_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6505","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1203060","volume":"18","author":"Y Zhan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhan Y, van de Water B, Wang Y, Stevens JL (1999) The roles of caspase-3 and bcl-2 in chemically-induced apoptosis but not necrosis of renal epithelial cells. Oncogene 18:6505\u20136512","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"187_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20061738","volume":"403","author":"R Wattiaux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wattiaux R, Wattiaux-de Coninck S, Thirion J, Gasingirwa MC, Jadot M (2007) Lysosomes and Fas-mediated liver cell death. Biochem J 403:89\u201395","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"187_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(00)00233-7","volume":"243","author":"I Vermes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vermes I, Haanen C, Reutelingsperger C (2000) Flow cytometry of apoptotic cell death. J Immunol Methods 243:167\u2013190","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"187_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400883","volume":"8","author":"G Denecker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Denecker G, Vercammen D, Steemans M et\u00a0al (2001) Death receptor-induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death: differential role of caspases and mitochondria. Cell Death Differ 8:829\u2013840","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200111)44:11<2642::AID-ART444>3.0.CO;2-8","volume":"44","author":"X Wu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wu X, Molinaro C, Johnson N, Casiano CA (2001) Secondary necrosis is a source of proteolytically modified forms of specific intracellular autoantigens: implications for systemic autoimmunity. Arthritis Rheum 44:2642\u20132652","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"187_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2005.09.018","volume":"17","author":"JA Mahoney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mahoney JA, Rosen A (2005) Apoptosis and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 17:583\u2013588","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.02.005","volume":"28","author":"US Gaipl","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gaipl US, Munoz LE, Grossmayer G et\u00a0al (2007) Clearance deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). J Autoimmun 28:114\u2013121","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"187_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-007-0157-6","volume":"13","author":"CP Berg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Berg CP, Stein GM, Keppeler H et al (2008) Apoptosis-associated antigens recognized by autoantibodies in patients with the autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis. Apoptosis 13:63\u201375","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"187_CR131","first-page":"1835","volume":"57","author":"Y Eguchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eguchi Y, Shimizu S, Tsujimoto Y (1997) Intracellular ATP levels determine cell death fate by apoptosis or necrosis. Cancer Res 57:1835\u20131840","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"187_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.8.1481","volume":"185","author":"M Leist","year":"1997","unstructured":"Leist M, Single B, Castoldi AF, Kuhnle S, Nicotera P (1997) Intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration: a switch in the decision between apoptosis and necrosis. J Exp Med 185:1481\u20131486","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"187_CR133","first-page":"L1211","volume":"292","author":"M van der Toorn","year":"2007","unstructured":"van der Toorn M, Slebos DJ, de Bruin HG et\u00a0al (2007) Cigarette smoke-induced blockade of the mitochondrial respiratory chain switches lung epithelial cell apoptosis into necrosis. Am J Physiol 292:L1211\u2013L1218","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"187_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-006-0040-x","volume":"12","author":"A do Vale","year":"2007","unstructured":"do Vale A, Costa-Ramos C, Silva DS et\u00a0al (2007) Cytochemical and ultrastructural study of anoikis and secondary necrosis in enterocytes detached in vivo. Apoptosis 12:1069\u20131083","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"187_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00269095","volume":"100","author":"M Vitale","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vitale M, Zamai L, Mazzotti G, Cataldi A, Falcieri E (1993) Differential kinetics of propidium iodide uptake in apoptotic and necrotic thymocytes. Histochemistry 100:223\u2013229","journal-title":"Histochemistry"},{"key":"187_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990170108","volume":"17","author":"F Belloc","year":"1994","unstructured":"Belloc F, Dumain P, Boisseau MR et\u00a0al (1994) A flow cytometric method using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide for simultaneous cell cycle analysis and apoptosis determination in unfixed cells. Cytometry 17:59\u201365","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"187_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4439(00)00098-3","volume":"1535","author":"F Sun","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sun F, Hamagawa E, Tsutsui C, Ono Y, Ogiri Y, Kojo S (2001) Evaluation of oxidative stress during apoptosis and necrosis caused by carbon tetrachloride in rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 1535:186\u2013191","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"187_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.4918","volume":"283","author":"H Hentze","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hentze H, Schwoebel F, Lund S et\u00a0al (2001) In vivo and in vitro evidence for extracellular caspase activity released from apoptotic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 283:1111\u20131117","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"187_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1368.043","volume":"1075","author":"S Holdenrieder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holdenrieder S, Eichhorn P, Beuers U et\u00a0al (2006) Nucleosomal DNA fragments in autoimmune diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci 1075:318\u2013327","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"187_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001850104","volume":"185","author":"NI Walker","year":"1989","unstructured":"Walker NI, Bennett RE, Kerr JF (1989) Cell death by apoptosis during involution of the lactating breast in mice and rats. Am J Anat 185:19\u201332","journal-title":"Am J Anat"},{"key":"187_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-007-9033-9","volume":"12","author":"FO Baxter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baxter FO, Neoh K, Tevendale MC (2007) The beginning of the end: death signaling in early involution. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 12:3\u201313","journal-title":"J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia"},{"key":"187_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010054526241","volume":"4","author":"J Erjefalt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Erjefalt J (2005) Transepithelial migration, necrosis and apoptosis as silent and pro-inflammatory fates of airway granulocytes. Curr Drug Targets 4:425\u2013431","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"187_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2006.07.006","volume":"27","author":"L Uller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uller L, Persson CG, Erjefalt JS (2006) Resolution of airway disease: removal of inflammatory cells through apoptosis, egression or both? Trends Pharmacol Sci 27:461\u2013466","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"187_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(02)00110-2","volume":"543","author":"S Huettenbrenner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Huettenbrenner S, Maier S, Leisser C et\u00a0al (2003) The evolution of cell death programs as prerequisites of multicellularity. Mut Res 543:235\u2013249","journal-title":"Mut Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"187_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401607","volume":"12","author":"P Golstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Golstein P, Kroemer G (2005) Redundant cell death mechanisms as relics and backups. Cell Death Differ 12(Suppl 2):1490\u20131496","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.7.1359","volume":"188","author":"ML Albert","year":"1998","unstructured":"Albert ML, Pearce SF, Francisco LM et\u00a0al (1998) Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via alphavbeta5 and CD36, and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 188:1359\u20131368","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"187_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12825","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605331103","volume":"103","author":"LP Erwig","year":"2006","unstructured":"Erwig LP, McPhilips KA, Wynes MW, Ivetic A, Ridley AJ, Henson PM (2006) Differential regulation of phagosome maturation in macrophages and dendritic cells mediated by Rho GTPases and ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:12825\u201312830","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"187_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012406121993","volume":"6","author":"R Misawa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Misawa R, Kawagishi C, Watanabe N, Kobayashi Y (2001) Infiltration of neutrophils following injection of apoptotic cells into the peritoneal cavity. Apoptosis 6:411\u2013417","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"187_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02256327","volume":"10","author":"CY Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu CY, Liu YH, Lin SM et\u00a0al (2003) Apoptotic neutrophils undergoing secondary necrosis induce human lung epithelial cell detachment. J Biomed Sci 10:746\u2013756","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"187_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0375OC","volume":"37","author":"EJ Naylor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Naylor EJ, Bakstad D, Biffen M et\u00a0al (2007) Haemophilus influenzae induces neutrophil necrosis: a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 37:135\u2013143","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"187_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1318","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00616.2005","volume":"291","author":"CW Bell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bell CW, Jiang W, Reich CF III, Pisetsky DS (2006) The extracellular release of HMGB1 during apoptotic cell death. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291:C1318\u2013C1325","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"187_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6495","volume":"178","author":"W Jiang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jiang W, Bell CW, Pisetsky DS (2007) The relationship between apoptosis and high-mobility group protein 1 release from murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. J Immunol 178:6495\u20136503","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00573.x","volume":"220","author":"L Apetoh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Apetoh L, Ghiringhelli F, Tesniere A et\u00a0al (2007) The interaction between HMGB1 and TLR4 dictates the outcome of anticancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Immunol Rev 220:47\u201359","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"187_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0306169","volume":"81","author":"N Ito","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ito N, DeMarco RA, Mailliard RB et\u00a0al (2007) Cytolytic cells induce HMGB1 release from melanoma cell lines. J Leukoc Biol 81:75\u201383","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"187_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4743","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.7.4743","volume":"166","author":"Y Ren","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ren Y, Stuart L, Lindberg FP et\u00a0al (2001) Nonphlogistic clearance of late apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages: efficient phagocytosis independent of beta 2 integrins. J Immunol 166:4743\u20134750","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR156","first-page":"911","volume":"149","author":"M Stern","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stern M, Savill J, Haslett C (1996) Human monocyte-derived macrophage phagocytosis of senescent eosinophils undergoing apoptosis. Mediation by alpha v beta 3\/CD36\/thrombospondin recognition mechanism and lack of phlogistic response. Am J Pathol 149:911\u2013921","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"187_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.66.2.345","volume":"66","author":"P Rovere","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rovere P, Sabbadini MG, Vallinoto C et\u00a0al (1999) Delayed clearance of apoptotic lymphoma cells allows cross-presentation of intracellular antigens by mature dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 66:345\u2013349","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"187_CR158","first-page":"7240","volume":"61","author":"MJ Gough","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gough MJ, Melcher AA, Ahmed A et\u00a0al (2001) Macrophages orchestrate the immune response to tumor cell death. Cancer Res 61:7240\u20137247","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"187_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2006.07.012","volume":"122","author":"IC Viorritto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Viorritto IC, Nikolov NP, Siegel RM (2007) Autoimmunity versus tolerance: can dying cells tip the balance? Clin Immunol (Orlando, FL) 122:125\u2013134","journal-title":"Clin Immunol (Orlando, FL)"},{"key":"187_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.06.010","volume":"27","author":"HS Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim HS, Han MS, Chung KW et\u00a0al (2007) Toll-like receptor 2 senses beta-cell death and contributes to the initiation of autoimmune diabetes. Immunity 27:321\u2013333","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"187_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/35075603","volume":"411","author":"RS Scott","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scott RS, McMahon EJ, Pop SM et\u00a0al (2001) Phagocytosis and clearance of apoptotic cells is mediated by MER. Nature 411:207\u2013211","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"187_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.F269","volume":"28","author":"RM Tuder","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tuder RM, Petrache I, Elias JA, Voelkel NF, Henson PM (2003) Apoptosis and emphysema: the missing link. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 28:551\u2013554","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"187_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280338","volume":"28","author":"JJ Maher","year":"1998","unstructured":"Maher JJ, Gores GJ (1998) Apoptosis: silent killer or neutron bomb? Hepatology (Baltimore, MD) 28:865\u2013867","journal-title":"Hepatology (Baltimore, MD)"},{"key":"187_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(03)00185-1","volume":"3","author":"H Farghali","year":"2003","unstructured":"Farghali H, Canova N, Kucera T, Martinek J, Masek K (2003) Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatocyte injury: dissociation between in vivo and in vitro effects. Int Immunopharmacol 3:1627\u20131638","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"187_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/364806a0","volume":"364","author":"J Ogasawara","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ogasawara J, Watanabe-Fukunaga R, Adachi M et\u00a0al (1993) Lethal effect of the anti-Fas antibody in mice. Nature 364:806\u2013809","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"187_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-008X(03)00154-6","volume":"190","author":"JS Gujral","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gujral JS, Farhood A, Jaeschke H (2003) Oncotic necrosis and caspase-dependent apoptosis during galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 190:37\u201346","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"187_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000136149.81831.c5","volume":"35","author":"I Unal-Cevik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Unal-Cevik I, Kilinc M, Can A, Gursoy-Ozdemir Y, Dalkara T (2004) Apoptotic and necrotic death mechanisms are concomitantly activated in the same cell after cerebral ischemia. Stroke 35:2189\u20132194","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"187_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6974","volume":"104","author":"MA Daemen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Daemen MA, van\u2019t Veer C, Denecker G et\u00a0al (1999) Inhibition of apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion prevents inflammation. J Clin Invest 104:541\u2013549","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"187_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00308-3","volume":"107","author":"TN James","year":"1999","unstructured":"James TN (1999) Apoptosis in cardiac disease. Am J Med 107:606\u2013620","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"187_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S144","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401544","volume":"11","author":"TM Scarabelli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Scarabelli TM, Gottlieb RA (2004) Functional and clinical repercussions of myocyte apoptosis in the multifaceted damage by ischemia\/reperfusion injury: old and new concepts after 10 years of contributions. Cell Death Differ 11(Suppl 2):S144\u2013S152","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"187_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1113\/eph8802549","volume":"88","author":"DF Goldspink","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goldspink DF, Burniston JG, Tan LB (2003) Cardiomyocyte death and the ageing and failing heart. Exp Physiol 88:447\u2013458","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"187_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1999.4514","volume":"249","author":"M Leist","year":"1999","unstructured":"Leist M, Single B, Naumann H et\u00a0al (1999) Inhibition of mitochondrial ATP generation by nitric oxide switches apoptosis to necrosis. Exp Cell Res 249:396\u2013403","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"187_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2000.tb00261.x","volume":"10","author":"P Nicotera","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nicotera P, Leist M, Fava E, Berliocchi L, Volbracht C (2000) Energy requirement for caspase activation, neuronal cell death. Brain Pathol (Zurich, Switzerland) 10:276\u2013282","journal-title":"Brain Pathol (Zurich, Switzerland)"},{"key":"187_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfg109","volume":"74","author":"P Nicotera","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nicotera P (2003) Molecular switches deciding the death of injured neurons. Toxicol Sci 74:4\u20139","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"187_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7127","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-18-07127.2001","volume":"21","author":"A Benchoua","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benchoua A, Guegan C, Couriaud C et\u00a0al (2001) Specific caspase pathways are activated in the two stages of cerebral infarction. J Neurosci 21:7127\u20137134","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"187_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(97)90039-3","volume":"28","author":"JP Veinot","year":"1997","unstructured":"Veinot JP, Gattinger DA, Fliss H (1997) Early apoptosis in human myocardial infarcts. Hum Pathol 28:485\u2013492","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"187_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90186-8","volume":"15","author":"M Ankarcrona","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ankarcrona M, Dypbukt JM, Bonfoco E et\u00a0al (1995) Glutamate-induced neuronal death: a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function. Neuron 15:961\u2013973","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"187_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000863","volume":"58","author":"G Denecker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Denecker G, Vercammen D, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P (2001) Apoptotic and necrotic cell death induced by death domain receptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 58:356\u2013370","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"187_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05293","volume":"443","author":"DE Bredesen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bredesen DE, Rao RV, Mehlen P (2006) Cell death in the nervous system. Nature 443:796\u2013802","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"187_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-2-127","volume":"109","author":"RI Lehrer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lehrer RI, Ganz T, Selsted ME, Babior BM, Curnutte JT (1988) Neutrophils and host defense. Ann Intern Med 109:127\u2013142","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"187_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.5.2103040","volume":"164","author":"WL Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee WL, Downey GP (2001) Leukocyte elastase: physiological functions and role in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:896\u2013904","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112869","volume":"79","author":"PM Henson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Henson PM, Johnston RB Jr (1987) Tissue injury in inflammation. Oxidants, proteinases, and cationic proteins. J Clin Invest 79:669\u2013674","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"187_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198902093200606","volume":"320","author":"SJ Weiss","year":"1989","unstructured":"Weiss SJ (1989) Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N Engl J Med 320:365\u2013376","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"187_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.6.672","volume":"56","author":"JA Smith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Smith JA (1994) Neutrophils, host defense, and inflammation: a double-edged sword. J Leukoc Biol 56:672\u2013686","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"187_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)02182-9","volume":"451","author":"K Kawabata","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kawabata K, Hagio T, Matsuoka S (2002) The role of neutrophil elastase in acute lung injury. Eur J Pharmacol 451:1\u201310","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"187_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00053906","volume":"28","author":"RA Stockley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stockley RA (2006) Neutrophilic inflammation: \u201cdon\u2019t you go to pieces on me! Eur Respir J 28:257\u2013258","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"187_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2003.09.008","volume":"5","author":"M Faurschou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faurschou M, Borregaard N (2003) Neutrophil granules and secretory vesicles in inflammation. Microbes Infect 5:1317\u20131327","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"187_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.65.2.137","volume":"65","author":"CA Owen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Owen CA, Campbell EJ (1999) The cell biology of leukocyte-mediated proteolysis. J Leukoc Biol 65:137\u2013150","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"187_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113970","volume":"83","author":"JS Savill","year":"1989","unstructured":"Savill JS, Wyllie AH, Henson JE, Walport MJ, Henson PM, Haslett C (1989) Macrophage phagocytosis of aging neutrophils in inflammation. Programmed cell death in the neutrophil leads to its recognition by macrophages. J Clin Invest 83:865\u2013875","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"187_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02231.x","volume":"35","author":"TJ Brazil","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brazil TJ, Dagleish MP, McGorum BC, Dixon PM, Haslett C, Chilvers ER (2005) Kinetics of pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and clearance in a natural and spontaneously resolving model of airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 35:854\u2013865","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"187_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200207-698OC","volume":"167","author":"S Knapp","year":"2003","unstructured":"Knapp S, Leemans JC, Florquin S et\u00a0al (2003) Alveolar macrophages have a protective antiinflammatory role during murine pneumococcal pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167:171\u2013179","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2003.00038.x","volume":"193","author":"HU Simon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Simon HU (2003) Neutrophil apoptosis pathways and their modifications in inflammation. Immunol Rev 193:101\u2013110","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"187_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20050178","volume":"110","author":"SM Bianchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bianchi SM, Dockrell DH, Renshaw SA, Sabroe I, Whyte MK (2006) Granulocyte apoptosis in the pathogenesis and resolution of lung disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 110:293\u2013304","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"187_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S49","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.supplement_1.13","volume":"160","author":"RA Stockley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stockley RA (1999) Neutrophils and protease\/antiprotease imbalance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:S49\u2013S52","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199708)24:2<137::AID-PPUL13>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"24","author":"MW Konstan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Konstan MW, Berger M (1997) Current understanding of the inflammatory process in cystic fibrosis: onset and etiology. Pediatr Pulmonol 24:137\u2013142; discussion 159\u2013161","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"187_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00268-X","volume":"374","author":"K Fujie","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fujie K, Shinguh Y, Inamura N, Yasumitsu R, Okamoto M, Okuhara M (1999) Release of neutrophil elastase and its role in tissue injury in acute inflammation: effect of the elastase inhibitor, FR134043. Eur J Pharmacol 374:117\u2013125","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"187_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.69.2.197","volume":"69","author":"U Bank","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bank U, Ansorge S (2001) More than destructive: neutrophil-derived serine proteases in cytokine bioactivity control. J Leukoc Biol 69:197\u2013206","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"187_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.4.1861","volume":"168","author":"LR Usher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Usher LR, Lawson RA, Geary I et\u00a0al (2002) Induction of neutrophil apoptosis by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin pyocyanin: a potential mechanism of persistent infection. J Immunol 168:1861\u20131868","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.038240","volume":"60","author":"AP Watt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Watt AP, Courtney J, Moore J, Ennis M, Elborn JS (2005) Neutrophil cell death, activation and bacterial infection in cystic fibrosis. Thorax 60:659\u2013664","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"187_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.61.6.647","volume":"61","author":"H Jaeschke","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jaeschke H, Smith CW (1997) Mechanisms of neutrophil-induced parenchymal cell injury. J Leukoc Biol 61:647\u2013653","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"187_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G1083","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00568.2005","volume":"290","author":"H Jaeschke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jaeschke H (2006) Mechanisms of Liver Injury. II. Mechanisms of neutrophil-induced liver cell injury during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and other acute inflammatory conditions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290:G1083\u2013G1088","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"187_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199908000-00001","volume":"19","author":"FC Barone","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barone FC, Feuerstein GZ (1999) Inflammatory mediators and stroke: new opportunities for novel therapeutics. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 19:819\u2013834","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"187_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.2741\/1920","volume":"11","author":"G Feuerstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Feuerstein G (2006) Inflammation and stroke: therapeutic effects of adenoviral expression of secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor. Front Biosci 11:1750\u20131757","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"187_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644","volume":"101","author":"RC Bone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB et\u00a0al (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP\/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians\/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 101:1644\u20131655","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"187_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2006.06.010","volume":"27","author":"JL Vincent","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vincent JL, Zambon M (2006) Why do patients who have acute lung injury\/acute respiratory distress syndrome die from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome? Implications for management. Clin Chest Med 27:725\u2013731; abstract x\u2013xi","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"187_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60604-7","volume":"369","author":"AP Wheeler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wheeler AP, Bernard GR (2007) Acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a clinical review. Lancet 369:1553\u20131564","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"187_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/150.6_Pt_2.S123","volume":"150","author":"M Jochum","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jochum M, Gippner-Steppert C, Machleidt W, Fritz H (1994) The role of phagocyte proteinases and proteinase inhibitors in multiple organ failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:S123\u2013S130","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14933","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.23.14933-14944.2005","volume":"79","author":"TM Tumpey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tumpey TM, Garcia-Sastre A, Taubenberger JK et\u00a0al (2005) Pathogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from the 1918 pandemic virus: functional roles of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in limiting virus replication and mortality in mice. J Virol 79:14933\u201314944","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"187_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.11.030","volume":"320","author":"K Shinya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shinya K, Hamm S, Hatta M, Ito H, Ito T, Kawaoka Y (2004) PB2 amino acid at position 627 affects replicative efficiency, but not cell tropism, of Hong Kong H5N1 influenza A viruses in mice. Virology 320:258\u2013266","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"187_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050466","volume":"168","author":"GF Rimmelzwaan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rimmelzwaan GF, van Riel D, Baars M et\u00a0al (2006) Influenza A virus (H5N1) infection in cats causes systemic disease with potential novel routes of virus spread within and between hosts. Am J Pathol 168:176\u2013183; quiz 364","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"187_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.5_suppl.151S","volume":"121","author":"RA Stockley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stockley RA (2002) Neutrophils and the pathogenesis of COPD. Chest 121:151S\u2013155S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"187_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.54.101601.152209","volume":"54","author":"PJ Barnes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Barnes PJ (2003) New concepts in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Annu Rev Med 54:113\u2013129","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"187_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.F296","volume":"32","author":"SD Shapiro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shapiro SD, Ingenito EP (2005) The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: advances in the past 100 years. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 32:367\u2013372","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"187_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/150.6_Pt_2.S109","volume":"150","author":"RA Stockley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stockley RA (1994) The role of proteinases in the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:S109\u2013S113","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.4.9812061","volume":"161","author":"CL Ordonez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ordonez CL, Shaughnessy TE, Matthay MA, Fahy JV (2000) Increased neutrophil numbers and IL-8 levels in airway secretions in acute severe asthma: Clinical and biologic significance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:1185\u20131190","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707263","volume":"151","author":"C Palmqvist","year":"2007","unstructured":"Palmqvist C, Wardlaw AJ, Bradding P (2007) Chemokines and their receptors as potential targets for the treatment of asthma. Brit J Pharmacol 151:725\u2013736","journal-title":"Brit J Pharmacol"},{"key":"187_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/150.6_Pt_2.S114","volume":"150","author":"G Doring","year":"1994","unstructured":"Doring G (1994) The role of neutrophil elastase in chronic inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:S114\u2013S117","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.1.7912987","volume":"150","author":"P Birrer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Birrer P, McElvaney NG, Rudeberg A et\u00a0al (1994) Protease-antiprotease imbalance in the lungs of children with cystic fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 150:207\u2013213","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-881PP","volume":"171","author":"CC Taggart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taggart CC, Greene CM, Carroll TP, O\u2019Neill SJ, McElvaney NG (2005) Elastolytic proteases: inflammation resolution and dysregulation in chronic infective lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 171:1070\u20131076","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1690","volume":"13","author":"D Hartl","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hartl D, Latzin P, Hordijk P et\u00a0al (2007) Cleavage of CXCR1 on neutrophils disables bacterial killing in cystic fibrosis lung disease. Nat Med 13:1423\u20131430","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"187_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2003.t01-1-01170.x","volume":"81","author":"S Hodge","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hodge S, Hodge G, Scicchitano R, Reynolds PN, Holmes M (2003) Alveolar macrophages from subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are deficient in their ability to phagocytose apoptotic airway epithelial cells. Immunol Cell Biol 81:289\u2013296","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"187_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0025OC","volume":"37","author":"S Hodge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hodge S, Hodge G, Ahern J et al (2007) Smoking alters alveolar macrophage recognition and phagocytic ability: implications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Amer J Resp Cell Mol Biol 37:748\u2013755","journal-title":"Amer J Resp Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"187_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.6.1673","volume":"129","author":"RW Vandivier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vandivier RW, Henson PM, Douglas IS (2006) Burying the dead: the impact of failed apoptotic cell removal (efferocytosis) on chronic inflammatory lung disease. Chest 129:1673\u20131682","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"187_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200612-1804OC","volume":"177","author":"SM Bianchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bianchi SM, Prince LR, McPhillips K et al (2008) Impairment of apoptotic cell engulfment by pyocyanin, a toxic metabolite of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Amer J Resp Crit Care Med 177:35\u201343","journal-title":"Amer J Resp Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10105","volume":"191","author":"D Medan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Medan D, Wang L, Yang X, Dokka S, Castranova V, Rojanasakul Y (2002) Induction of neutrophil apoptosis and secondary necrosis during endotoxin-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. J Cell Physiol 191:320\u2013326","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"187_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00126905","volume":"28","author":"K Rydell-Tormanen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rydell-Tormanen K, Uller L, Erjefalt JS (2006) Direct evidence of secondary necrosis of neutrophils during intense lung inflammation. Eur Respir J 28:268\u2013274","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"187_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.6182","volume":"46","author":"T Kodama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kodama T, Yukioka H, Kato T, Kato N, Hato F, Kitagawa S (2007) Neutrophil elastase as a predicting factor for development of acute lung injury. Intern Med (Tokyo, Japan) 46:699\u2013704","journal-title":"Intern Med (Tokyo, Japan)"},{"key":"187_CR228","unstructured":"Fujishima S, Morisaki H, Ishizaka A et\u00a0al (2007) Neutrophil elastase and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the initiation and development of acute lung injury among critically ill patients. Biomed Pharmacother. Available online July 31 2007"},{"key":"187_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0213572","volume":"109","author":"RW Vandivier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vandivier RW, Fadok VA, Hoffmann PR et\u00a0al (2002) Elastase-mediated phosphatidylserine receptor cleavage impairs apoptotic cell clearance in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. J Clin Invest 109:661\u2013670","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"187_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S281","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200205001-00018","volume":"30","author":"BG Zeiher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zeiher BG, Matsuoka S, Kawabata K, Repine JE (2002) Neutrophil elastase and acute lung injury: prospects for sivelestat and other neutrophil elastase inhibitors as therapeutics. Crit Care Med 30:S281\u2013S287","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"187_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.05.053","volume":"571","author":"A Sakashita","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sakashita A, Nishimura Y, Nishiuma T et\u00a0al (2007) Neutrophil elastase inhibitor (sivelestat) attenuates subsequent ventilator-induced lung injury in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 571:62\u201371","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"187_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.04.001","volume":"145","author":"Y Uchida","year":"2008","unstructured":"Uchida Y, Kaibori M, Hijikawa T et\u00a0al (2008) Protective effect of neutrophil elastase inhibitor (FR136706) in lethal acute liver failure induced by d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide in rats. J Surg Res 145:57\u201365","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"187_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-90","volume":"6","author":"L Uller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Uller L, Rydell-Tormanen K, Persson CG, Erjefalt JS (2005) Anti-Fas mAb-induced apoptosis and cytolysis of airway tissue eosinophils aggravates rather than resolves established inflammation. Respir Res 6:90","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"187_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00062752-200101000-00006","volume":"8","author":"GM Walsh","year":"2001","unstructured":"Walsh GM (2001) Eosinophil granule proteins and their role in disease. Curr Opin Hematol 8:28\u201333","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"187_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.4.1286","volume":"146","author":"EJ Campbell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Campbell EJ, Cury JD, Shapiro SD, Goldberg GI, Welgus HG (1991) Neutral proteinases of human mononuclear phagocytes. Cellular differentiation markedly alters cell phenotype for serine proteinases, metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. J Immunol 146:1286\u20131293","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.07.293","volume":"44","author":"MI Reis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reis MI, do Vale A, Pinto C et\u00a0al (2007) First molecular cloning and characterisation of caspase-9 gene in fish and its involvement in a gram negative septicaemia. Mol Immunol 44:1754\u20131764","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6299","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6299-6310.2005","volume":"73","author":"MS Oliveira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oliveira MS, Fraga AG, Torrado E et\u00a0al (2005) Infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans induces persistent inflammatory responses in mice. Infect Immun 73:6299\u20136310","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"187_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5403.854","volume":"283","author":"KM George","year":"1999","unstructured":"George KM, Chatterjee D, Gunawardana G et\u00a0al (1999) Mycolactone: a polyketide toxin from Mycobacterium ulcerans required for virulence. Science 283:854\u2013857","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"187_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62360-7","volume":"166","author":"F Sebbane","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sebbane F, Gardner D, Long D, Gowen BB, Hinnebusch BJ (2005) Kinetics of disease progression and host response in a rat model of bubonic plague. Am J Pathol 166:1427\u20131439","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"187_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1114580","volume":"309","author":"MM Marketon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marketon MM, DePaolo RW, DeBord KL, Jabri B, Schneewind O (2005) Plague bacteria target immune cells during infection. Science (New York, NY) 309:1739\u20131741","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"187_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(01)00467-9","volume":"84","author":"SK Narayanan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Narayanan SK, Nagaraja TG, Chengappa MM, Stewart GC (2002) Leukotoxins of gram-negative bacteria. Vet Microbiol 84:337\u2013356","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"187_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1023\/B:APPT.0000031448.64969.fa","volume":"9","author":"FR DeLeo","year":"2004","unstructured":"DeLeo FR (2004) Modulation of phagocyte apoptosis by bacterial pathogens. Apoptosis 9:399\u2013413","journal-title":"Apoptosis"},{"key":"187_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.04.007","volume":"112","author":"MJ Kaplan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaplan MJ (2004) Apoptosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol (Orlando, FL) 112:210\u2013218","journal-title":"Clin Immunol (Orlando, FL)"},{"key":"187_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2005.11.009","volume":"366","author":"P Decker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Decker P (2006) Nucleosome autoantibodies. Clin Chim Acta 366:48\u201360","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"187_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2007.11.009","volume":"30","author":"IR Mackay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mackay IR, Leskovsek NV, Rose NR (2008) Cell damage and autoimmunity: a critical appraisal. J Autoimmun 30:5\u201311","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"187_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200410057","volume":"167","author":"A Devitt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Devitt A, Parker KG, Ogden CA et\u00a0al (2004) Persistence of apoptotic cells without autoimmune disease or inflammation in CD14\u2212\/\u2212 mice. J Cell Biol 167:1161\u20131170","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"187_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.6.3220","volume":"174","author":"LM Stuart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stuart LM, Takahashi K, Shi L, Savill J, Ezekowitz RA (2005) Mannose-binding lectin-deficient mice display defective apoptotic cell clearance but no autoimmune phenotype. J Immunol 174:3220\u20133226","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040342","volume":"200","author":"K Asano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Asano K, Miwa M, Miwa K et\u00a0al (2004) Masking of phosphatidylserine inhibits apoptotic cell engulfment and induces autoantibody production in mice. J Exp Med 200:459\u2013467","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"187_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199807)41:7<1241::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-H","volume":"41","author":"M Herrmann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Herrmann M, Voll RE, Zoller OM, Hagenhofer M, Ponner BB, Kalden JR (1998) Impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cell material by monocyte-derived macrophages from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 41:1241\u20131250","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"187_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200201)46:1<191::AID-ART10027>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"46","author":"I Baumann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baumann I, Kolowos W, Voll RE et\u00a0al (2002) Impaired uptake of apoptotic cells into tingible body macrophages in germinal centers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 46:191\u2013201","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"187_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11237","volume":"48","author":"Y Ren","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ren Y, Tang J, Mok MY, Chan AW, Wu A, Lau CS (2003) Increased apoptotic neutrophils and macrophages and impaired macrophage phagocytic clearance of apoptotic neutrophils in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 48:2888\u20132897","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"187_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1094359","volume":"304","author":"R Hanayama","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hanayama R, Tanaka M, Miyasaka K et\u00a0al (2004) Autoimmune disease and impaired uptake of apoptotic cells in MFG-E8-deficient mice. Science (New York, NY) 304:1147\u20131150","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"187_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2004.10.007","volume":"4","author":"US Gaipl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gaipl US, Voll RE, Sheriff A, Franz S, Kalden JR, Herrmann M (2005) Impaired clearance of dying cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 4:189\u2013194","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"187_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.5.2538","volume":"168","author":"DA Mitchell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mitchell DA, Pickering MC, Warren J et\u00a0al (2002) C1q deficiency and autoimmunity: the effects of genetic background on disease expression. J Immunol 168:2538\u20132543","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20012094","volume":"196","author":"PL Cohen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cohen PL, Caricchio R, Abraham V et\u00a0al (2002) Delayed apoptotic cell clearance and lupus-like autoimmunity in mice lacking the c-mer membrane tyrosine kinase. J Exp Med 196:135\u2013140","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"187_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00571.x","volume":"220","author":"S Nagata","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nagata S (2007) Autoimmune diseases caused by defects in clearing dead cells and nuclei expelled from erythroid precursors. Immunol Rev 220:237\u2013250","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"187_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh693","volume":"44","author":"LE Munoz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Munoz LE, Gaipl US, Franz S et\u00a0al (2005) SLE\u2014a disease of clearance deficiency? Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 44:1101\u20131107","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford, England)"},{"key":"187_CR258","first-page":"173","volume":"9","author":"US Gaipl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gaipl US, Kuhn A, Sheriff A et\u00a0al (2006) Clearance of apoptotic cells in human SLE. Curr Dir Autoimmun 9:173\u2013187","journal-title":"Curr Dir Autoimmun"},{"key":"187_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-29714-6_8","volume":"305","author":"US Gaipl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gaipl US, Sheriff A, Franz S et\u00a0al (2006) Inefficient clearance of dying cells and autoreactivity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 305:161\u2013176","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2005.06.002","volume":"17","author":"JJ Oppenheim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oppenheim JJ, Yang D (2005) Alarmins: chemotactic activators of immune responses. Curr Opin Immunol 17:359\u2013365","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"187_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1104648","volume":"78","author":"H Yang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yang H, Wang H, Czura CJ, Tracey KJ (2005) The cytokine activity of HMGB1. J Leukoc Biol 78:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"187_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00858","volume":"418","author":"P Scaffidi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scaffidi P, Misteli T, Bianchi ME (2002) Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation. Nature 418:191\u2013195","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"187_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2004.04.012","volume":"30","author":"JC Hall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hall JC, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A (2004) Altered structure of autoantigens during apoptosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 30:455\u2013471, vii","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"187_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1957","volume":"6","author":"A Marshak-Rothstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marshak-Rothstein A (2006) Toll-like receptors in systemic autoimmune disease. Nature Rev 6:823\u2013835","journal-title":"Nature Rev"},{"key":"187_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00572.x","volume":"220","author":"Krieg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krieg AM, Vollmer J (2007) Toll-like receptors 7, 8, and 9: linking innate immunity to autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 220:251\u2013269","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"}],"container-title":["Apoptosis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10495-008-0187-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10495-008-0187-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10495-008-0187-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10495-008-0187-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T02:19:09Z","timestamp":1744165149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10495-008-0187-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]]},"references-count":265,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10495-008-0187-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-8185","1573-675X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-8185","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-675X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2008","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2008","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2008","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}