{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T08:38:03Z","timestamp":1776069483800,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008814","name":"Universidade do Minho","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Topogr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Interoception, the process of sensing and interpreting internal bodily signals, plays a crucial role in emotional regulation, decision-making, and overall well-being. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-reported interoceptive processes, assessed through the Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ), and psychophysiological measures of interoception, including cardiac autonomic markers (HF-HRV and RMSSD), cortical processing of cardiac signals (heartbeat-evoked potentials, HEPs), and EEG microstates. We recorded EEG and ECG from 64 healthy volunteers during open-eyed resting state. A positive association was found between the Subdiaphragmatic Reactivity subscale of the BPQ and the coverage of microstate A, a spatial configuration linked to the activation of temporal brain regions, arousal, and sensory processing. No associations were observed between BPQ scores and cardiac measures or HEP amplitudes, suggesting that subjective reports may not align with psychophysiological indices of interoception. Associations were found between HEP amplitudes and microstates A and B, as well as between HRV measures and microstate D, highlighting potential links between autonomic functioning and brain activity during resting state. Although the BPQ is a widely used tool to assess interoceptive sensibility, it may not fully capture the complexity of this construct. These findings provide insight into the complex interplay between self-reported interoception and psychophysiological markers, while emphasizing the need for further research to clarify these relationships and their implications for emotional and cognitive processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-025-01122-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T05:48:59Z","timestamp":1748929739000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Interplay Between Cortical and Neurocardiac Interoceptive Processes and its Association with Self-Reported Interoceptive Sensibility"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0223-2955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5315-9280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5218-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00eddia","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4589-8032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Ribeiro-Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9199-0940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7347-1282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1562-0099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0009-920X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1122_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.12.019","volume":"88","author":"F Adolfi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adolfi F, Couto B, Richter F, Decety J, Lopez J, Sigman M, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez A (2017) Convergence of interoception, emotion, and social cognition: a twofold fMRI meta-analysis and lesion approach. Cortex 88:124\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.12.019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"1122_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al E, Iliopoulos F, Forschack N, Nierhaus T, Grund M, Motyka P, Villringer A (2020) Heart\u2013brain interactions shape somatosensory perception and evoked potentials. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(19), 10575\u201310584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1915629117","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1915629117"},{"issue":"6","key":"1122_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.03.007","volume":"23","author":"D Azzalini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azzalini D, Rebollo I, Tallon-Baudry C (2019) Visceral signals shape brain dynamics and cognition. Trends Cogn Sci 23(6):488\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2019.03.007","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1122_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2017.10.008","volume":"130","author":"S Balzarotti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balzarotti S, Biassoni F, Colombo B, Ciceri MR (2017) Cardiac vagal control as a marker of emotion regulation in healthy adults: A review. Biol Psychol 130:54\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2017.10.008","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"1122_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.032","volume":"180","author":"M Baranauskas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baranauskas M, Grabauskait\u0117 A, Gri\u0161kova-Bulanova I (2017) Brain responses and self-reported indices of interoception: heartbeat evoked potentials are inversely associated with worrying about body sensations. Physiol Behav 180:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2017.07.032","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw154","volume":"12","author":"LF Barrett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barrett LF (2017) The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization. Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci 12(1):1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsw154","journal-title":"Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1122_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3950","volume":"16","author":"LF Barrett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barrett LF, Simmons WK (2015) Interoceptive predictions in the brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 16(7):419\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3950","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.09.011","volume":"44","author":"GG Berntson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berntson GG, Khalsa SS (2021) Neural circuits of interoception. Trends Neurosci 44(1):17\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2020.09.011","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1122_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.052","volume":"52","author":"J Britz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Britz J, Van De Ville D, Michel CM (2010) BOLD correlates of EEG topography reveal rapid resting-state network dynamics. NeuroImage 52(4):1162\u20131170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.052","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"5","key":"1122_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3214","volume":"13","author":"E Bullmore","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bullmore E, Sporns O (2012) The economy of brain network organization. Nat Rev Neurosci 13(5):336\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3214","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1122_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/a7wdj","author":"C Campos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Campos C, Rocha N, Barbosa F (2021) Untangling self-reported interoceptive attention and accuracy: evidence from the European Portuguese validation of the body perception questionnaire and the interoceptive accuracy scale. PsyArXiv Preprints. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/a7wdj","journal-title":"PsyArXiv Preprints"},{"key":"1122_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crneur.2022.100050","volume":"3","author":"D Candia-Rivera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Candia-Rivera D (2022) Brain-heart interactions in the neurobiology of consciousness. Curr Res Neurobiol 3:100050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crneur.2022.100050","journal-title":"Curr Res Neurobiol"},{"key":"1122_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105864","author":"D Candia-Rivera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Candia-Rivera D, Engelen T, Babo-Rebelo M, Salamone PC (2024) Interoception, network physiology, and the emergence of bodily self-awareness. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105864","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"17","key":"1122_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5846","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26480","volume":"44","author":"V Catrambone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Catrambone V, Valenza G (2023) Microstates of the cortical brain-heart axis. Hum Brain Mapp 44(17):5846\u20135857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.26480","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"1122_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.02.025","volume":"250","author":"M Chaumon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chaumon M, Bishop DV, Busch NA (2015) A practical guide to the selection of independent components of the electroencephalogram for artifact correction. J Neurosci Methods 250:47\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.02.025","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"1122_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.12.012","volume":"122","author":"MP Coll","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coll MP, Hobson H, Bird G, Murphy J (2021) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between the heartbeat-evoked potential and interoception. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 122:190\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.12.012","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"1122_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00090-4","volume":"13","author":"AD Craig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Craig AD (2003) Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body. Curr Opin Neurobiol 13(4):500\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0959-4388(03)00090-4","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2555","volume":"10","author":"AD Craig","year":"2009","unstructured":"Craig AD (2009) How do you feel\u2014now? The anterior Insula and human awareness. Nat Rev Neurosci 10(1):59\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2555","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1122_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.02.008","volume":"77","author":"HD Critchley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Critchley HD, Harrison NA (2013) Visceral influences on brain and behavior. Neuron 77(4):624\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.02.008","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"1122_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1176","volume":"7","author":"HD Critchley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Critchley HD, Wiens S, Rotshtein P, \u00d6hman A, Dolan RJ (2004) Neural systems supporting interoceptive awareness. Nat Neurosci 7(2):189\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn1176","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1122_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2016.0476","volume":"7","author":"A Custo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Custo A, Van De Ville D, Wells WM, Tomescu MI, Brunet D, Michel CM (2017) Electroencephalographic resting-state networks: source localization of microstates. Brain Connect 7(10):671\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/brain.2016.0476","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"1122_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00548","volume":"10","author":"A Damborsk\u00e1","year":"2019","unstructured":"Damborsk\u00e1 A, Tomescu MI, Honz\u00edrkov\u00e1 E, Barte\u010dek R, Ho\u0159\u00ednkov\u00e1 J, Fedorov\u00e1 S, Michel CM (2019) EEG resting-state large-scale brain network dynamics are related to depressive symptoms. Front Psychiatry 10:548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00548","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","volume":"134","author":"A Delorme","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delorme A, Makeig S (2004) EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J Neurosci Methods 134(1):9\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"1122_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.08.00","volume":"144","author":"OR Dobrushina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dobrushina OR, Arina GA, Dobrynina LA, Novikova ES, Gubanova MV, Belopasova AV, Krotenkova MV (2021) Sensory integration in interoception: interplay between top-down and bottom-up processing. Cortex 144:185\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.08.00","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"469","key":"1122_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1198\/0162145050000000331","volume":"100","author":"B Efron","year":"2005","unstructured":"Efron B (2005) Bayesians, frequentists, and scientists. J Am Stat Assoc 100(469):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1198\/0162145050000000331","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1122_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.11.004","volume":"15","author":"A Etkin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Etkin A, Egner T, Kalisch R (2011) Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Trends Cogn Sci 15(2):85\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2010.11.004","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1122_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00710","volume":"13","author":"G Forte","year":"2019","unstructured":"Forte G, Favieri F, Casagrande M (2019) Heart rate variability and cognitive function: a systematic review. Front NeuroSci 13:710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.00710","journal-title":"Front NeuroSci"},{"key":"1122_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2014.11.004","volume":"104","author":"SN Garfinkel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garfinkel SN, Seth AK, Barrett AB, Suzuki K, Critchley HD (2015) Knowing your own heart: distinguishing interoceptive accuracy from interoceptive awareness. Biol Psychol 104:65\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2014.11.004","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"1122_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garfinkel SN, Manassei MF, den Hamilton-Fletcher G (2016) Bosch, Y., Critchley, H. D., & Engels, M. Interoceptive dimensions across cardiac and respiratory axes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 371(1708), 20160014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2016.0014","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0014"},{"issue":"2","key":"1122_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-022-09974-9","volume":"34","author":"L Garrett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garrett L, Tr\u00fcmbach D, Spielmann N, Wurst W, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Angelis MH, H\u00f6lter SM (2023) A rationale for considering heart\/brain axis control in neuropsychiatric disease. Mamm Genome 34(2):331\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00335-022-09974-9","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-019-0193-2","volume":"38","author":"J Hayano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hayano J, Yuda E (2019) Pitfalls of assessment of autonomic function by heart rate variability. J Physiol Anthropol 38(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40101-019-0193-2","journal-title":"J Physiol Anthropol"},{"key":"1122_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/637ym","author":"J Heathers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heathers J, Goodwin M (2017) Dead science in live psychology: A case study from heart rate variability (HRV). OSF. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/637ym","journal-title":"OSF"},{"key":"1122_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812624","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.812624","volume":"16","author":"W Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu W, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Huang G, Li L, Liang Z (2022) Microstate detection in naturalistic electroencephalography data: A systematic comparison of topographical clustering strategies on an emotional database. Front NeuroSci 16:812624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.812624","journal-title":"Front NeuroSci"},{"key":"1122_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ibanez A, Northoff G (2023) Intrinsic timescales and predictive allostatic interoception in brain health and disease. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 105510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105510"},{"key":"1122_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.12.010","volume":"49","author":"A Khanna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khanna A, Pascual-Leone A, Michel CM, Farzan F (2015) Microstates in resting-state EEG: current status and future directions. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 49:105\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.12.010","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"1122_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kleckner IR, Zhang J, Touroutoglou A, Chanes L, Xia C, Simmons WK, Quigley KS, Dickerson BC, Barrett LF (2017) Evidence for a large-scale brain system supporting allostasis and interoception in humans. Nat Hum Behav 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-017-0069","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-017-0069"},{"key":"1122_CR37","unstructured":"Kolacz J, Holmes L, Porges SW (2018) Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ) Manual. Traumatic Stress Research Consortium."},{"issue":"4","key":"1122_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsv137","volume":"11","author":"M Kuhn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuhn M, Scharfenort R, Sch\u00fcmann D, Schiele MA, M\u00fcnsterk\u00f6tter AL, Deckert J, Lonsdorf TB (2016) Mismatch or allostatic load? Timing of life adversity differentially shapes Gray matter volume and anxious temperament. Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci 11(4):537\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsv137","journal-title":"Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"1122_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-019-00299-3","volume":"11","author":"K Kutscheidt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kutscheidt K, Dresler T, Hudak J, Barth B, Blume F, Ethofer T, Ehlis AC (2019) Interoceptive awareness in patients with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD Atten Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders 11:395\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12402-019-00299-3","journal-title":"ADHD Atten Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.07.054","volume":"49","author":"D Lehmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lehmann D, Pascual-Marqui RD, Strik WK, Koenig T (2010) Core networks for visual-concrete and abstract thought content: a brain electric microstate analysis. NeuroImage 49(1):1073\u20131079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.07.054","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2006.10.001","volume":"4","author":"DS Levine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Levine DS (2007) Neural network modeling of emotion. Phys Life Rev 4(1):37\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plrev.2006.10.001","journal-title":"Phys Life Rev"},{"key":"1122_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612445","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.612445","volume":"14","author":"A Lischke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lischke A, Pahnke R, Mau-Moeller A, Weippert M (2021) Heart rate variability modulates interoceptive accuracy. Front NeuroSci 14:612445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2020.612445","journal-title":"Front NeuroSci"},{"issue":"22","key":"1122_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.08.036","volume":"109","author":"Y Livneh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Livneh Y, Andermann ML (2021) Cellular activity in insular cortex across seconds to hours: sensations and predictions of bodily States. Neuron 109(22):3576\u20133593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.08.036","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15717","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15717","volume":"5","author":"CDB Luft","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luft CDB, Bhattacharya J (2015) Aroused with heart: modulation of heartbeat evoked potential by arousal induction and its oscillatory correlates. Sci Rep 5(1):15717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep15717","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1037\/emo0001270","volume":"24","author":"JK MacCormack","year":"2024","unstructured":"MacCormack JK, Bonar AS, Lindquist KA (2024) Interoceptive beliefs moderate the link between physiological and emotional arousal during an acute stressor. Emotion 24(1):269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/emo0001270","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"key":"1122_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2018.06.007","volume":"137","author":"S Mai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mai S, Wong CK, Georgiou E, Pollatos O (2018) Interoception is associated with heartbeat-evoked brain potentials (HEPs) in adolescents. Biol Psychol 137:24\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2018.06.007","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"1122_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01162","volume":"5","author":"N Mallorqu\u00ed-Bagu\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mallorqu\u00ed-Bagu\u00e9 N, Garfinkel SN, Engels M, Eccles JA, Pailhez G, Bulbena A, Critchley HD (2014) Neuroimaging and Psychophysiological investigation of the link between anxiety, enhanced affective reactivity and interoception in people with joint hypermobility. Front Psychol 5:1162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01162","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1122_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5614","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005614","volume":"4","author":"WE Mehling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mehling WE, Gopisetty V, Daubenmier J, Price CJ, Hecht FM, Stewart A (2009) Body awareness: construct and self-report measures. PLoS ONE 4(5):e5614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0005614","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1122_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.062","volume":"180","author":"CM Michel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Michel CM, Koenig T (2018) EEG microstates as a tool for studying the Temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: a review. NeuroImage 180:577\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.11.062","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"1122_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2022.08.005","volume":"45","author":"JA Migeot","year":"2022","unstructured":"Migeot JA, Duran-Aniotz CA, Signorelli CM, Piguet O, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez A (2022) A predictive coding framework of allostatic\u2013interoceptive overload in frontotemporal dementia. Trends Neurosci 45(11):838\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2022.08.005","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1122_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-008-0054-5","volume":"20","author":"MM Murray","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murray MM, Brunet D, Michel CM (2008) Topographic ERP analyses: a step-by-step tutorial review. Brain Topogr 20(4):249\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-008-0054-5","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"1122_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-020-00744-8","volume":"31","author":"M Nagai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nagai M, Scheper V, Lenarz T, F\u00f6rster CY (2021) The insular cortex as a vestibular area in relation to autonomic function. Clin Auton Res 31:179\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-020-00744-8","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"1122_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.01.001","volume":"210","author":"AP Owens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Owens AP, Friston KJ, Low DA, Mathias CJ, Critchley HD (2018) Investigating the relationship between cardiac interoception and autonomic cardiac control using a predictive coding framework. Auton Neurosci 210:65\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2018.01.001","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1122_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.02.002","volume":"23","author":"HD Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park HD, Blanke O (2019) Coupling inner and outer body for self-consciousness. Trends Cogn Sci 23(5):377\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2019.02.002","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1122_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1109\/10.391164","volume":"42","author":"RD Pascual-Marqui","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pascual-Marqui RD, Michel CM, Lehmann D (1995) Segmentation of brain electrical activity into microstates: model Estimation and validation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 42(7):658\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/10.391164","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1122_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.001","volume":"134","author":"G Pezzulo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pezzulo G, Rigoli F, Friston K (2015) Active inference, homeostatic regulation and adaptive behavioural control. Prog Neurobiol 134:17\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2015.09.001","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"1122_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-016-0522-2","volume":"30","author":"E Pipinis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pipinis E, Melynyte S, Koenig T, Jarutyte L, Linkenkaer-Hansen K, Ruksenas O, Griskova-Bulanova I (2017) Association between resting-state microstates and ratings on the Amsterdam resting-state questionnaire. Brain Topogr 30:245\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-016-0522-2","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"1122_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Poulsen AT, Pedroni A, Langer N, Hansen LK (2018) Microstate EEGlab toolbox: an introductory guide. BioRxiv 289850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/289850","DOI":"10.1101\/289850"},{"key":"1122_CR82","unstructured":"Porges, S. W. (1993). Body perception questionnaire. Laboratory of Developmental Assessment: University of Maryland."},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.09.008","volume":"44","author":"KS Quigley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quigley KS, Kanoski S, Grill WM, Barrett LF, Tsakiris M (2021) Functions of interoception: from energy regulation to experience of the self. Trends Neurosci 44(1):29\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2020.09.008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1122_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.064","volume":"158","author":"R Ronchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ronchi R, Bernasconi F, Pfeiffer C, Bello-Ruiz J, Kaliuzhna M, Blanke O (2017) Interoceptive signals impact visual processing: cardiac modulation of visual body perception. NeuroImage 158:176\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.06.064","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"18","key":"1122_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5115","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4262-15.2016","volume":"36","author":"R Salomon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salomon R, Ronchi R, D\u00f6nz J, Bello-Ruiz J, Herbelin B, Martet R, Blanke O (2016) The Insula mediates access to awareness of visual stimuli presented synchronously to the heartbeat. J Neurosci 36(18):5115\u20135127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4262-15.2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1122_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.06.024","author":"H Santamar\u00eda-Garc\u00eda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santamar\u00eda-Garc\u00eda H, Migeot J, Medel V, Hazelton JL, Teckentrup V, Romero-Ortuno R, Ibanez A (2024) Allostatic interoceptive overload across psychiatric and neurological conditions. Biol Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2024.06.024","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"1122_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2019.07.010","volume":"42","author":"J Schulkin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schulkin J, Sterling P (2019) Allostasis: a brain-centered, predictive mode of physiological regulation. Trends Neurosci 42(10):740\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2019.07.010","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"1122_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007","volume":"27","author":"WW Seeley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Seeley WW, Menon V, Schatzberg AF, Keller J, Glover GH, Kenna H, Greicius MD (2007) Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control. J Neurosci 27(9):2349\u20132356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1122_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.002","volume":"146","author":"BA Seitzman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seitzman BA, Abell M, Bartley SC, Erickson MA, Bolbecker AR, Hetrick WP (2017) Cognitive manipulation of brain electric microstates. NeuroImage 146:533\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.10.002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"1122_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2021.108242","volume":"167","author":"E Sennesh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sennesh E, Theriault J, Brooks D, van de Meent J-W, Barrett LF, Quigley KS (2022) Interoception as modeling, allostasis as control. Biol Psychol 167:108242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2021.108242","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1122_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.03.006","volume":"18","author":"AK Seth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seth AK (2014) Response to Gu and FitzGerald: interoceptive inference: from decision-making to organism integrity. Trends Cogn Sci 18(6):270\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2014.03.006","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1122_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258","volume":"5","author":"F Shaffer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shaffer F, Ginsberg JP (2017) An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Front Public Health 5:258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2017.00258","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1122_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104655","volume":"137","author":"LI Skora","year":"2022","unstructured":"Skora LI, Livermore JJA, Roelofs K (2022) The functional role of cardiac activity in perception and action. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 137:104655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104655","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"1122_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.003","volume":"75","author":"R Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith R, Thayer JF, Khalsa SS, Lane RD (2017) The hierarchical basis of neurovisceral integration. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 75:274\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.003","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"11","key":"1122_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11111216","volume":"11","author":"P Tarailis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tarailis P, \u0160imkut\u0117 D, Koenig T, Gri\u0161kova-Bulanova I (2021) Relationship between Spatiotemporal dynamics of the brain at rest and self-reported spontaneous thoughts: an EEG microstate approach. J Personalized Med 11(11):1216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm11111216","journal-title":"J Personalized Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1122_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-023-00958-9","volume":"37","author":"P Tarailis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tarailis P, Koenig T, Michel CM, Gri\u0161kova-Bulanova I (2024) The functional aspects of resting EEG microstates: a systematic review. Brain Topogr 37(2):181\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-023-00958-9","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"1122_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thanapaisal S, Mosher S, Trejo B, Robbins K (2020) EEG-Beats: automated analysis of heart rate variability (HVR) from EEG-EKG. BioRxiv 2020\u20132007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.07.21.211862","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.07.21.211862"},{"issue":"1","key":"1122_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1366.014","volume":"1088","author":"JF Thayer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thayer JF, Sternberg E (2006) Beyond heart rate variability: vagal regulation of allostatic systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1088(1):361\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1366.014","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1122_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-009-9101-z","volume":"37","author":"JF Thayer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Thayer JF, Hansen AL, Saus-Rose E, Johnsen BH (2009) Heart rate variability, prefrontal neural function, and cognitive performance: the neurovisceral integration perspective on self-regulation, adaptation, and health. Ann Behav Med 37(2):141\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12160-009-9101-z","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1122_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","volume":"36","author":"JF Thayer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thayer JF, \u00c5hs F, Fredrikson M, Sollers III, J. J., Wager TD (2012) A meta-analysis of heart rate variability and neuroimaging studies: implications for heart rate variability as a marker of stress and health. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 36(2):747\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.11.009","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"1122_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.39","volume":"105","author":"L Van Oudenhove","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Oudenhove L, Vandenberghe J, Dupont P, Geeraerts B, Vos R, Dirix S, Tack J (2010) Abnormal regional brain activity during rest and (anticipated) gastric distension in functional dyspepsia and the role of anxiety: a H215O-PET study. Official J Am Coll Gastroenterology| ACG 105(4):913\u2013924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2010.39","journal-title":"Official J Am Coll Gastroenterology| ACG"},{"issue":"8","key":"1122_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0273299","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273299","volume":"17","author":"L Vig","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vig L, K\u00f6teles F, Ferentzi E (2022) Questionnaires of interoception do not assess the same construct. PLoS ONE 17(8):e0273299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0273299","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1122_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Virjee RI, Kandasamy R, Garfinkel S, Carmichael D, Yogarajah M (2024) Methodological approaches to derive the heartbeat-evoked potential: past practices and future recommendations. BioRxiv 2024\u20132007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.07.23.604405","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.07.23.604405"},{"key":"1122_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2019.107772","volume":"148","author":"PG Williams","year":"2019","unstructured":"Williams PG, Cribbet MR, Tinajero R, Rau HK, Thayer JF, Suchy Y (2019) The association between individual differences in executive functioning and resting high-frequency heart rate variability. Biol Psychol 148:107772. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2019.107772","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1122_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.05.003","volume":"141","author":"F Zeng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zeng F, Qin W, Liang F, Liu J, Tang Y, Liu X, Tian J (2011) Abnormal resting brain activity in patients with functional dyspepsia is related to symptom severity. Gastroenterology 141(2):499\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.05.003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Brain Topography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10548-025-01122-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10548-025-01122-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10548-025-01122-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,5]],"date-time":"2025-07-05T14:38:42Z","timestamp":1751726322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10548-025-01122-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10548-025-01122-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-0267","1573-6792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-0267","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6792","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"48"}}