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The corruption index for countries is used as the moderator, because it represents both the instrumental ethical climate and the employee displacement of responsibility embedded in society\u2019s ethical standards. A total of 175 participants comprising 41 teams (134 dyads) across 13 countries participated in a dyadic two-wave survey. The findings show that ethical leadership has an indirect influence on the avoidance of unethical behaviour by reducing the instrumental ethical climate and by negating the displacement of individuals\u2019 responsibility. In addition, the results also show that this process is not sensitive to the countries\u2019 corruption levels. Such findings suggest that organizations are less prone to adjust their ethical standards to the environment than is usually expected. Accordingly, ethical leaders of MNCs may be instrumental in counteracting any corruptive pressure in the social environment, and likewise, non-ethical leaders may be a contributing factor to fostering corrupt organizations in a society that otherwise values ethical principles in business.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-023-05520-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T07:02:26Z","timestamp":1694156546000},"page":"307-322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Context Matters Less Than Leadership in Preventing Unethical Behaviour in International Business"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"192","author":[{"given":"Marlond","family":"Antunez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5364-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson","family":"Ramalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0492-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia M. 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G. Marques was corrected to T\u00e2nia M. G. Marques.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Yes.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research Involving Human Participants"}},{"value":"Participants were informed about the aim of the study, anonymity, aim of the research and the voluntary participation, by the responsible for data collection.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}