{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T09:55:32Z","timestamp":1774691732408,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-021-01288-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]],"date-time":"2022-01-22T00:04:11Z","timestamp":1642809851000},"page":"1042-1054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Measuring Parental Reflective Functioning: Further Validation of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in Portuguese Mothers of Infants and Young Children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1487-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1288_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730500245906","volume":"7","author":"A Slade","year":"2005","unstructured":"Slade A (2005) Parental reflective functioning: an introduction. Attach Hum Dev 7(3):269\u2013281","journal-title":"Attach Hum Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1288_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0355(199123)12:3<201::AID-IMHJ2280120307>3.0.CO;2-7","volume":"12","author":"P Fonagy","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fonagy P et al (1991) The capacity for understanding mental states: the reflective self in parent and child and its significance for security of attachment. Infant Ment Health J 12(3):201\u2013218","journal-title":"Infant Ment Health J"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1288_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01727.x","volume":"48","author":"P Fonagy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fonagy P, Gergely G, Target M (2007) The parent-infant dyad and the construction of the subjective self. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48(3\u20134):288\u2013328","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1288_CR4","first-page":"639","volume":"72","author":"P Fonagy","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fonagy P (1991) Thinking about thinking: some clinical and theoretical considerations in the treatment of a borderline patient. Int J Psychoanal 72(4):639\u2013656","journal-title":"Int J Psychoanal"},{"issue":"5","key":"1288_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176218","volume":"12","author":"P Luyten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luyten P et al (2017) The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire: Development and preliminary validation. PLoS ONE 12(5):e0176218","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"1288_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2016.1193559","volume":"12","author":"HJ Rutherford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rutherford HJ et al (2017) Parental reflective functioning and the neural correlates of processing infant affective cues. Soc Neurosci 12(5):519\u2013529","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1288_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2013.06.008","volume":"36","author":"HJ Rutherford","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rutherford HJ et al (2013) Parental reflective functioning is associated with tolerance of infant distress but not general distress: evidence for a specific relationship using a simulated baby paradigm. Infant Behav Dev 36(4):635\u2013641","journal-title":"Infant Behav Dev"},{"key":"1288_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2015.04.005","volume":"40","author":"HJ Rutherford","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rutherford HJ et al (2015) Investigating the association between parental reflective functioning and distress tolerance in motherhood. Infant Behav Dev 40:54\u201363","journal-title":"Infant Behav Dev"},{"issue":"14","key":"1288_CR9","first-page":"14","volume":"8","author":"A Camoirano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Camoirano A (2017) Mentalizing makes parenting work: A review about parental reflective functioning and clinical interventions to improve it. Front Psychol 8(14):14","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1288_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730500245880","volume":"7","author":"A Slade","year":"2005","unstructured":"Slade A et al (2005) Maternal reflective functioning, attachment, and the transmission gap: a preliminary study. Attach Hum Dev 7(3):283\u2013298","journal-title":"Attach Hum Dev"},{"key":"1288_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21896","volume":"42","author":"J Barlow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barlow J, Sleed M, Midgley N (2021) Enhancing parental reflective functioning through early dyadic interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infant Ment Health J 42:21\u201334","journal-title":"Infant Ment Health J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1288_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579418001463","volume":"32","author":"A Slade","year":"2020","unstructured":"Slade A et al (2020) Minding the Baby\u00ae: enhancing parental reflective functioning and infant attachment in an attachment-based, interdisciplinary home visiting program. Dev Psychopathol 32(1):123\u2013137","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1288_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/infa.12263","volume":"24","author":"K Ensink","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ensink K et al (2019) Costs of not getting to know you: lower levels of parental reflective functioning confer risk for maternal insensitivity and insecure infant attachment. Infancy 24(2):210\u2013227","journal-title":"Infancy"},{"key":"1288_CR14","volume-title":"Department of psychology","author":"C George","year":"1985","unstructured":"George C, Kaplan N, Main M, Interview TAA (1985) Department of psychology. University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley"},{"key":"1288_CR15","volume-title":"The parent development interview: revised","author":"A Slade","year":"2004","unstructured":"Slade A et al (2004) The parent development interview: revised. The City University of New York, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"1288_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2013.27.1.3","volume":"27","author":"C Sharp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharp C et al (2013) Hypermentalizing in adolescent inpatients: treatment effects and association with borderline traits. J Pers Disord 27(1):3\u201318","journal-title":"J Pers Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1288_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-017-0856-8","volume":"27","author":"C Pazzagli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pazzagli C et al (2018) The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire in mothers and fathers of school-aged children. J Child Fam Stud 27(1):80\u201390","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"4","key":"1288_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579409990198","volume":"21","author":"P Fonagy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fonagy P, Luyten P (2009) A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Dev Psychopathol 21(4):1355\u20131381","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1288_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11561","DOI":"10.2196\/11561","volume":"2","author":"M De Roo","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Roo M et al (2019) Advancing optimal development in children: examining the construct validity of a Parent Reflective Functioning Questionnaire. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2(1):e11561\u2013e11561","journal-title":"JMIR Pediatr Parent"},{"issue":"55","key":"1288_CR20","first-page":"5","volume":"2","author":"L Gordo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gordo L, Elejalde LI, Mart\u00ednez-Pampliega A (2020) Spanish version of the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (CFRP-18). Revista Iberoamericana de Diagn\u00f3stico y Evaluaci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica 2(55):5\u201317","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Diagn\u00f3stico y Evaluaci\u00f3n Psicol\u00f3gica"},{"key":"1288_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.21883","volume":"42","author":"Y Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee Y, Meins E, Larkin F (2021) Translation and preliminary validation of a Korean version of the parental reflective functioning questionnaire. Infant Ment Health J 42:47\u201359","journal-title":"Infant Ment Health J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1288_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-018-01326-z","volume":"28","author":"AM Schultheis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schultheis AM, Mayes LC, Rutherford HJV (2019) Associations between emotion regulation and parental reflective functioning. J Child Fam Stud 28(4):1094\u20131104","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"1288_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/13548500500524088","volume":"12","author":"J Pais-Ribeiro","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pais-Ribeiro J et al (2007) Validation study of a Portuguese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Psychol Health Med 12(2):225\u2013235","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1288_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67(6):361\u2013370","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"1288_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2011.01.005","volume":"71","author":"A Hinz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hinz A, Br\u00e4hler E (2011) Normative values for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in the general German population. J Psychosom Res 71(2):74\u201378","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1288_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-017-0759-9","volume":"15","author":"I Djukanovic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Djukanovic I, Carlsson J, \u00c5restedt K (2017) Is the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) a valid measure in a general population 65\u201380 years old? A psychometric evaluation study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 15(1):193","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1288_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-12-84","volume":"12","author":"L Iani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iani L, Lauriola M, Costantini M (2014) A confirmatory bifactor analysis of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in an Italian community sample. Health Qual Life Outcomes 12(1):84","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"3","key":"1288_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-015-9529-3","volume":"38","author":"EA Kaufman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaufman EA et al (2015) The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form (DERS-SF): validation and replication in adolescent and adult samples. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 38(3):443\u2013455","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"1288_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-019-00602-5","author":"H Moreira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moreira H, Gouveia MJ, Canavarro MC (2020) A bifactor analysis of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale - Short Form (DERS-SF) in a sample of adolescents and adults. Curr Psychol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-019-00602-5","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"1288_CR30","volume-title":"Mplus user's guide","author":"LK Muth\u00e9n","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO (2012) Mplus user\u2019s guide, 7th edn. Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n, Los Angeles","edition":"7"},{"key":"1288_CR31","volume-title":"Principals and practice of structural equation modelling","author":"R Kline","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kline R (2011) Principals and practice of structural equation modelling, 3rd edn. The Guildford Press, New York","edition":"3"},{"issue":"2","key":"1288_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2014-031","volume":"6","author":"S Korkmaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Korkmaz S, Goksuluk D, Zararsiz G (2014) MVN: an R package for assessing multivariate normality. R J 6(2):151\u2013162","journal-title":"R J"},{"key":"1288_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"61","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu L, Bentler P (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model 61:1\u201355","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"1288_CR34","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"BG Tabachnick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2007) Using multivariate statistics, 5th edn. Pearson, Boston","edition":"5"},{"key":"1288_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4513","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0753-5_2025","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research","author":"A Gadermann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gadermann A, Guhn M, Zumbo BD (2014) Ordinal alpha. In: Michalos AC (ed) Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 4513\u20134515"},{"issue":"3","key":"1288_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2016.1269606","volume":"24","author":"A Maydeu-Olivares","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maydeu-Olivares A (2017) Maximum likelihood estimation of structural equation models for continuous data: standard errors and goodness of fit. Struct Equ Model 24(3):383\u2013394","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"1288_CR37","volume-title":"Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming","author":"B Byrne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Byrne B (2010) Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming, 2nd edn. Taylor & Francis, New York","edition":"2"},{"key":"1288_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022898","volume":"23","author":"RC Fraley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fraley RC et al (2011) The Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures questionnaire: a method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships. Psychol Assess 23:615\u2013625","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"1288_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2014.950377","volume":"97","author":"H Moreira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moreira H et al (2015) Assessing adult attachment across different contexts: validation of the Portuguese version of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures questionnaire. J Pers Assess 97(1):22\u201330","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"1288_CR40","first-page":"319","volume-title":"Handbook of family measurement techniques: instruments & index","author":"C Robinson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Robinson C et al (2001) The parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ). In: Perlmutter B, Touliatos J, Holden G (eds) Handbook of family measurement techniques: instruments & index. Sage, Thousand Oaks, pp 319\u2013321"},{"issue":"2","key":"1288_CR41","first-page":"302","volume":"28","author":"M Pedro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pedro M, Carapito E, Ribeiro I (2015) Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire - vers\u00e3o portuguesa de autorrelato. Psicologia: Reflex\u00e3o e Cr\u00edtica. 28(2):302\u2013312","journal-title":"Psicologia: Reflex\u00e3o e Cr\u00edtica."},{"issue":"2","key":"1288_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.12.003","volume":"34","author":"H Katznelson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katznelson H (2014) Reflective functioning: a review. Clin Psychol Rev 34(2):107\u2013117","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1288_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2015.05.016","volume":"64","author":"BT Antonsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antonsen BT et al (2016) Is reflective functioning associated with clinical symptoms and long-term course in patients with personality disorders? Compr Psychiatry 64:46\u201358","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1288_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2008.11.002","volume":"29","author":"T Dix","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dix T, Meunier LN (2009) Depressive symptoms and parenting competence: an analysis of 13 regulatory processes. Dev Rev 29(1):45\u201368","journal-title":"Dev Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1288_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.156","volume":"107","author":"RE Ingram","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ingram RE (1990) Self-focused attention in clinical disorders: review and a conceptual model. Psychol Bull 107(2):156\u2013176","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"1288_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.40.6.1212","volume":"40","author":"T Dix","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dix T et al (2004) The affective structure of supportive parenting: depressive symptoms, immediate emotions, and child-oriented motivation. Dev Psychol 40(6):1212\u20131227","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1288_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.6.1144","volume":"81","author":"K Salmela-Aro","year":"2001","unstructured":"Salmela-Aro K et al (2001) Goal reconstruction and depressive symptoms during the transition to motherhood: evidence from two cross-lagged longitudinal studies. J Pers Soc Psychol 81(6):1144\u20131159","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1288_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.07.003","volume":"68","author":"H Moreira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moreira H, Canavarro MC (2018) Does the association between mindful parenting and adolescents\u2019 dispositional mindfulness depend on the levels of anxiety and depression symptomatology in mothers? J Adolesc 68:22\u201331","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"1288_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2014.12.008","volume":"36","author":"H Rutherford","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rutherford H et al (2015) Emotion regulation in parenthood. Dev Rev 36:1\u201314","journal-title":"Dev Rev"},{"key":"1288_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739","volume":"11","author":"G Sheppes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sheppes G, Suri G, Gross JJ (2015) Emotion regulation and psychopathology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 11:379\u2013405","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1288_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.387","volume":"117","author":"MH van Ijzendoorn","year":"1995","unstructured":"van Ijzendoorn MH (1995) Adult attachment representations, parental responsiveness, and infant attachment: a meta-analysis on the predictive validity of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychol Bull 117(3):387\u2013403","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"1288_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-018-1029-0","volume":"27","author":"L Nijssens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nijssens L et al (2018) Parental attachment dimensions and parenting stress: the mediating role of parental reflective functioning. J Child Fam Stud 27(6):2025\u20132036","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"}],"container-title":["Child Psychiatry &amp; Human Development"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01288-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01288-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01288-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,15]],"date-time":"2023-06-15T15:08:02Z","timestamp":1686841682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01288-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-021-01288-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-398X","1573-3327"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-398X","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3327","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 November 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 January 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}