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Analysing population structure and connectivity is key to informing effective conservation management. We expand knowledge of Atlantic-wide connectivity of green turtles (\n                    <jats:italic>Chelonia mydas<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) by characterising the genetic structure of the Ascension Island nesting population, one of the largest in the Atlantic Ocean, and carrying out Atlantic population structure and mixed stock analyses using high-resolution genetic markers. We amplified a\u2009~\u2009738\u00a0bp fragment (extended D-loop) and a highly polymorphic mitochondrial short tandem repeat (mtSTR) fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region, designating haplotypes based on (1) extended D-loop and (2) the extended D-loop and mtSTR combined. Overall, 11 extended D-loop and 33 combined haplotypes were found, the dominant haplotypes being CM-A8.1 and CM-A8.1\/7-12-4-4. Population structure analysis found three main genetic groups: Northwest Atlantic, Northern South America, and South and East Atlantic. Mixed stock analyses indicate Ascension Island as a major source for juvenile foraging aggregations in the Southwest Atlantic (34\u201355%) and Central Africa (18\u201378%), with some contribution to West Africa (3\u201320%). Green turtles are vulnerable to fishery bycatch in the coastal waters of the South and East Atlantic. Our study underlines how improving sample sizes of Atlantic mtSTR haplotypes could further elucidate green turtle connectivity across threatened regions. We urge international collaboration to minimise mtSTR data gaps, in order to enhance connectivity assessments and improve conservation measures between countries that share populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10592-025-01720-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T16:54:57Z","timestamp":1755881697000},"page":"1029-1047","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Atlantic-wide connectivity of Ascension Island green turtles revealed by finer-scale mitochondrial DNA markers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6331-7895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia A.","family":"Coveney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9592-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Guri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5147-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Mianseko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1444-1782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette C.","family":"Broderick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3845-0034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan J.","family":"Godley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6171-8273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana M.","family":"Hancock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Welton Quirino","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1522-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aissa","family":"Regalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4410-3648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita Gomes","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cheibani","family":"Senhoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8420-5112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benoit","family":"de Thoisy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5427-191X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8042-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Maria","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1447-4082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam B.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4963-2343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Patr\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1720_CR1","unstructured":"Abreu-Grobois A, Horrock J, Formia A, Dutton P, LeRoux R, V\u00e9lez-Zuazo X, Soares L, Meylan P (2006) New mtDNA Dloop primers which work for a variety of marine turtles species may increase the resolution of mixed stock analyses. 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These procedures were executed by trained personnel following established guidelines (NMFS-SFC, 2008) to minimise stress on the animals and enhance their well-being. Research permits were secured from the Ascension Island Government Conservation and Fisheries Directorate (AIGCFD) and fieldwork was carried out in partnership with and under the oversight of AIGCFD technicians. Tissue samples were legally transported from Ascension Island, UK, to mainland Great Britain under CITES permit 552619\/01. Brazilian samples were collected under the Biodiversity Authorization and Information System license from Chico Mendes Biodiversity Institute (SISBIO\/ICMBio), number 65833. Institutional approval for animal care and use was obtained, and the relevant application number for study tracking is 28\/2022. Access to Genetic Heritage was registered under SisGen (#A32C980).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}