{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T08:06:42Z","timestamp":1774080402422,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["2021.04837.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.04837.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Ther Res"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-026-10730-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T06:52:50Z","timestamp":1774075970000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Cognitive Network Approach to Exploring Semantic and Emotional Patterns in Anxiety and Depression Narratives"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Calaboi\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Meira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eug\u00e9nio","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreia Sofia","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiago Bento","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"10730_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108266","volume":"158","author":"K Abramski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abramski, K., Ciringione, L., Rossetti, G., & Stella, M. (2024). Voices of rape: Cognitive networks link passive voice usage to psychological distress in online narratives. Computers in Human Behavior, 158, Article 108266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108266","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10730_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702617747074","volume":"6","author":"M Al-Mosaiwi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Mosaiwi, M., & Johnstone, T. (2018). In an absolute state: Elevated use of absolutist words is a marker specific to anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Clinical Psychological Science, 6(4), 529\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2167702617747074","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"key":"10730_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"2","key":"10730_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440241241420","volume":"14","author":"L Avram","year":"2024","unstructured":"Avram, L., Cium\u0103geanu, M. D., & Sava, F. A. (2024). Written language: A promising gateway to anxiety disorders assessment. SAGE Open, 14(2), 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21582440241241420","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10730_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-021-01050-7","volume":"5","author":"KC Bathina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bathina, K. C., Ten Thij, M., Lorenzo-Luaces, L., Rutter, L. A., & Bollen, J. (2021). Individuals with depression express more distorted thinking on social media. Nature Human Behaviour, 5(4), 458\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01050-7","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"key":"10730_CR6","unstructured":"Benoit, K., Muhr, D., & Watanabe, K. (2021). Stopwords: Multilingual Stopword Lists. R package version 2.3. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=stopwords"},{"issue":"5","key":"10730_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.3390\/e12051264","volume":"12","author":"J Borge-Holthoefer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borge-Holthoefer, J., & Arenas, A. (2010). Semantic networks: Structure and dynamics. Entropy, 12(5), 1264\u20131302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e12051264","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"10730_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.07.014","volume":"156","author":"K Borodkin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Borodkin, K., Kenett, Y. N., Faust, M., & Mashal, N. (2016). When pumpkin is closer to onion than to squash: The structure of the second language lexicon. Cognition, 156, 60\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cognition.2016.07.014","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"10730_CR9","unstructured":"Boyd, R. L., Ashokkumar, A., Seraj, S., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2022). The development and psychometric properties of LIWC-22. Austin, TX: University of Texas at Austin. https:\/\/www.liwc.app"},{"key":"10730_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.131","volume":"366","author":"LA Cariola","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cariola, L. A., Sheeber, L. B., Allen, N., Bilalpur, M., Bird, T., Hinduja, S., Morency, L., & Cohn, J. F. (2024). Language use in depressed and non-depressed mothers and their adolescent offspring. Journal of Affective Disorders, 366, 290\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.131","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10730_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.1986.9990010","volume":"12","author":"K Carley","year":"1986","unstructured":"Carley, K. (1986). An approach for relating social structure to cognitive structure. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 12(2), 137\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0022250X.1986.9990010","journal-title":"The Journal of Mathematical Sociology"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10730_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1379(199711)18:1+<533::AID-JOB906>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"18","author":"K Carley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carley, K. (1997). Extracting team mental models through textual analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior: THe International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 18(S1), 533\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1379(199711)18:1+<533::AID-JOB906>3.0.CO;2-3","journal-title":"Journal of Organizational Behavior: THe International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10730_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046049","volume":"63","author":"D Cartwright","year":"1956","unstructured":"Cartwright, D., & Harary, F. (1956). Structural balance: A generalization of Heider\u2019s theory. Psychological Review, 63(5), 277\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0046049","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"10730_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.168","volume":"366","author":"D Castro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Castro, D., Cardoso, J., Araujo, A. S., Rodrigues, A. R., Ferreira, F., Ferreira-Santos, F., & Ferreira, T. B. (2024). Topological properties of psychopathological networks of healthy and disordered individuals across mental disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 366, 226\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.168","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10730_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000463","volume":"28","author":"AP Christensen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Christensen, A. P., & Kennet, Y. N. (2023). Semantic network analysis (SemNA): A tutorial on preprocessing, estimating, and analyzing semantic networks. Psychological Methods, 28(4), 860\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000463","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"10730_CR17","unstructured":"Cs\u00e1rdi, G., Nepusz, T., Traag, V., Horv\u00e1t, Sz., Zanini, F., Noom, D., & M\u00fcller, K. (2024). Igraph: Network analysis and visualization in R. R package version 2.0.3. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=igraph"},{"issue":"39","key":"10730_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19368","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1819529116","volume":"116","author":"AK Dey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dey, A. K., Gel, Y. R., & Poor, H. V. (2019). What network motifs tell us about resilience and reliability of complex networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(39), 19368\u201319373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1819529116","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10730_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fhumd.2022.1028393","volume":"4","author":"L Dinh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dinh, L., Rezapour, R., Jiang, L., & Diesner, J. (2023). Enhancing structural balance theory and measurement to analyze signed digraphs of real-world social networks. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 4, 1028393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fhumd.2022.1028393","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Dynamics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10730_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42005-022-00949-5","volume":"5","author":"TS Evans","year":"2022","unstructured":"Evans, T. S., & Chen, B. (2022). Linking the network centrality measures closeness and degree. Communications Physics, 5(1), 172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42005-022-00949-5","journal-title":"Communications Physics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10730_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.33525\/pprj.v1i2.36","volume":"1","author":"T Ferreira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferreira, T., Sousa, M., Meira, L., Cunha, C., Santos, A., Silva, S., Couto, A., Gomes, P., Costa, L., Barbosa, E., Basto, I., & Salgado, J. (2018). Brief assessment of depression: Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). The Psychologist: Practice & Research Journal, 1(2), 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33525\/pprj.v1i2.36","journal-title":"The Psychologist: Practice & Research Journal"},{"key":"10730_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2023.2176288","author":"AJ Flynn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Flynn, A. J., Herbers, J. E., Kurko, S. A., & Kan, I. P. (2023). Using spreading activation to understand repetitive negative thinking. Cognition and Emotion. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699931.2023.2176288","journal-title":"Cognition and Emotion"},{"issue":"2","key":"10730_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-010-0372-x","volume":"12","author":"J Go\u00f1i","year":"2011","unstructured":"Go\u00f1i, J., Arrondo, G., Sepulcre, J., Martincorena, I., V\u00e9lez De Mendiz\u00e1bal, N., Corominas-Murtra, B., Bejarano, B., Ardanza-Trevijano, S., Peraita, H., Wall, D. P., & Villoslada, P. (2011). The semantic organization of the animal category: Evidence from semantic verbal fluency and network theory. Cognitive Processing, 12(2), 183\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10339-010-0372-x","journal-title":"Cognitive Processing"},{"key":"10730_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hart, R. P. (2001). Redeveloping DICTION: Theoretical considerations. In M. West (Ed.), Theory, method and practice of computer content analysis. Ablex.","DOI":"10.5040\/9798216186847.ch-003"},{"key":"10730_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093436","volume":"12","author":"CR Hirsch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirsch, C. R., Meeten, F., Krah\u00e9, C., & Reeder, C. (2016). Resolving ambiguity in emotional disorders: The nature and role of interpretation biases. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 281\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093436","journal-title":"Annual Review of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10730_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.01.066","volume":"283","author":"A H\u00f8stm\u00e6lingen","year":"2021","unstructured":"H\u00f8stm\u00e6lingen, A., Ulvenes, P., Nissen-Lie, H. A., Eielsen, M., & Wampold, B. E. (2021). Do self-criticism and somatic symptoms play a key role in chronic depression? Exploring the factor structure of Beck Depression Inventory-II in a sample of chronically depressed inpatients. Journal of Affective Disorders, 283, 317\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2021.01.066","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"key":"10730_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.08.008","volume":"188","author":"KJ Hsu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hsu, K. J., Beard, C., Rifkin, L., Dillon, D. G., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Bj\u00f6rgvinsson, T. (2015). Transdiagnostic mechanisms in depression and anxiety: The role of rumination and attentional control. Journal of Affective Disorders, 188, 22\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2015.08.008","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"10730_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1177\/17456916211004899","volume":"17","author":"JC Jackson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jackson, J. C., Watts, J., List, J.-M., Puryear, C., Drabble, R., & Lindquist, K. A. (2022). From text to thought: How analyzing language can advance psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(3), 805\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17456916211004899","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"10730_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jockers, M. L. (2015). Syuzhet: Extract sentiment and plot arcs from text. https:\/\/github.com\/mjockers\/syuzhet","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.syuzhet"},{"key":"10730_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2022.128336","volume":"610","author":"SM Joseph","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joseph, S. M., Citraro, S., Morini, V., Rossetti, G., & Stella, M. (2023). Cognitive network neighborhoods quantify feelings expressed in suicide notes and Reddit mental health communities. Physica a: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 610, 128336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physa.2022.128336","journal-title":"Physica a: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"10730_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28513-3","volume":"13","author":"SW Kelley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kelley, S. W., & Gillan, C. M. (2022). Using language in social media posts to study the network dynamics of depression longitudinally. Nature Communications, 13(1), 870\u2013881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-28513-3","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10730_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00543","volume":"4","author":"YN Kenett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kenett, Y. N., Wechsler-Kashi, D., Kenett, D. Y., Schwartz, R. G., Ben-Jacob, E., & Faust, M. (2013). Semantic organization in children with cochlear implants: Computational analysis of verbal fluency. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00543","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10730_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-022-01479-5","volume":"273","author":"D Kriesche","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kriesche, D., Woll, C. F., Tschentscher, N., Engel, R. R., & Karch, S. (2023). Neurocognitive deficits in depression: A systematic review of cognitive impairment in the acute and remitted state. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 273(5), 1105\u20131128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-022-01479-5","journal-title":"European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"10730_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10730_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1037\/xlm0000793","volume":"46","author":"AA Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar, A. A., Balota, D. A., & Steyvers, M. (2020). Distant connectivity and multiple-step priming in large-scale semantic networks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition, 46(12), 2261\u20132276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/xlm0000793","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"10730_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2022.102575","volume":"89","author":"CJ Leung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leung, C. J., Yiend, J., Trotta, A., & Lee, T. M. (2022). The combined cognitive bias hypothesis in anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 89, 102575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2022.102575","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"10730_CR37","first-page":"151","volume":"52","author":"H Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu, H. (2011). Linguistic complex networks: A new approach to language exploration. Grundlagenstudien Aus Kybernetik und Geisteswissenschaft, 52(4), 151\u2013170.","journal-title":"Grundlagenstudien Aus Kybernetik und Geisteswissenschaft"},{"key":"10730_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.05.035","volume":"87","author":"M Lyons","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lyons, M., Aksayli, N. D., & Brewer, G. (2018). Mental distress and language use:Linguistic analysis of discussion forum posts. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 207\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2018.05.035","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10730_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.02.012","volume":"352","author":"M Malgaroli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malgaroli, M., Hull, T. D., Calderon, A., & Simon, N. M. (2024). Linguistic markers of anxiety and depression in somatic symptom and related disorders: Observational study of a digital intervention. Journal of Affective Disorders, 352, 133\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2024.02.012","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"10730_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.64.6.1306","volume":"64","author":"E Mergenthaler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mergenthaler, E. (1996). Emotion\u2013abstraction patterns in verbatim protocols: A new way of describing psychotherapeutic processes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1306\u20131315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.64.6.1306","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"10730_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2015.05.003","volume":"33","author":"BD Nelson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nelson, B. D., Hodges, A., Hajcak, G., & Shankman, S. A. (2015). Anxiety sensitivity and the anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threat: Evidence from the startle response and event-related potentials. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 33, 62\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2015.05.003","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"10730_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020147","volume":"11","author":"L Nu\u00f1o","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nu\u00f1o, L., G\u00f3mez-Benito, J., Carmona, V. R., & Pino, O. (2021). A systematic review of executive function and information processing speed in major depression disorder. Brain Sciences, 11(2), 147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci11020147","journal-title":"Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"19","key":"10730_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196351","volume":"12","author":"\u0130 \u00d6zdemir","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir, \u0130, & Kuru, E. (2023). Investigation of cognitive distortions in panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(19), 6351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12196351","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10730_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/0539018403042001798","volume":"42","author":"R Popping","year":"2003","unstructured":"Popping, R. (2003). Knowledge graphs and network text analysis. Social Science Information, 42(1), 91\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0539018403042001798","journal-title":"Social Science Information"},{"key":"10730_CR44","unstructured":"R Core Team (2023). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"10730_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v2i1.18623","volume":"2","author":"N Ramirez-Esparza","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramirez-Esparza, N., Chung, C. K., Kacewicz, E., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). The psychology of word use in depression forums in English and in Spanish: Testing two text analytic approaches. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 2(1), 102\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1609\/icwsm.v2i1.18623","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media"},{"issue":"2","key":"10730_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1086\/692757","volume":"123","author":"CM Rawlings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rawlings, C. M., & Friedkin, N. E. (2017). The structural balance theory of sentiment networks: Elaboration and test. American Journal of Sociology, 123(2), 510\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/692757","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10730_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00203","volume":"7","author":"OJ Robinson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robinson, O. J., Vytal, K., Cornwell, B. R., & Grillon, C. (2013). The impact of anxiety upon cognition: Perspectives from human threat of shock studies. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00203","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"10730_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104096","volume":"153","author":"A Roefs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roefs, A., Fried, E. I., Kindt, M., Martijn, C., Elzinga, B., Evers, A. W., Evers, A. W. M., Wiers, R. W., Borsboom, D., & Jansen, A. (2022). A new science of mental disorders: Using personalised, transdiagnostic, dynamical systems to understand, model, diagnose and treat psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 153, 104096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104096","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"10730_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fdgth.2022.779039","volume":"4","author":"L Rook","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rook, L., Mazza, M. C., Lefter, I., & Brazier, F. (2022). Toward linguistic recognition of generalized anxiety disorder. Frontiers in Digital Health, 4, 779039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fdgth.2022.779039","journal-title":"Frontiers in Digital Health"},{"issue":"81","key":"10730_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.04987","volume":"8","author":"D Schoch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schoch, D. (2023). Signnet: An R package for analyzing signed networks. Journal of Open-Source Software, 8(81), 4987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21105\/joss.04987","journal-title":"Journal of Open-Source Software"},{"issue":"1","key":"10730_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2108423","volume":"2019","author":"CS Siew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siew, C. S., Wulff, D. U., Beckage, N. M., & Kenett, Y. N. (2019). Cognitive network science: A review of research on cognition through the lens of network representations, processes, and dynamics. Complexity, 2019(1), 2108423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/2108423","journal-title":"Complexity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10730_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0244-2","volume":"13","author":"T Sousa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sousa, T., Viveiros, V., Chai, M., Vicente, F., Jesus, G., Carnot, G., Gordo, A., & Ferreira, P. (2015). Reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) scale. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 13(1), 50\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-015-0244-2","journal-title":"Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"10","key":"10730_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","volume":"166","author":"R Spitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer, R., Kroenke, K., Williams, J., & L\u00f6we, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092\u20131097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10730_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.295","volume":"6","author":"M Stella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stella, M. (2020). Text-mining forma mentis networks reconstruct public perception of the STEM gender gap in social media. Peer J Computer Science, 6, e295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj-cs.295","journal-title":"Peer J Computer Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10730_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bdcc4020014","volume":"4","author":"M Stella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stella, M., Restocchi, V., & De Deyne, S. (2020). # Lockdown: Network-enhanced emotional profiling in the time of COVID-19. Big Data and Cognitive Computing, 4(2), 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bdcc4020014","journal-title":"Big Data and Cognitive Computing"},{"key":"10730_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.917630","volume":"13","author":"M Stella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stella, M., Swanson, T. J., Li, Y., Hills, T. T., & Teixeira, A. S. (2022). Cognitive networks detect structural patterns and emotional complexity in suicide notes. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 917630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.917630","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10730_CR58","unstructured":"Stone, P. J., Dunphy, D., Smith, M. S., & Ogilvie, D. M. (1966). The General Inquirer: A computer approach to content analysis. The MIT Press"},{"key":"10730_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Swanson, T. J., Teixeira, A. S., Richson, B. N., Li, Y., Hills, T. T., Forbush, K., T., Watson, D., Ciringione, L., & Stella, M. (2024). Cognitive networks and text analysis identify anxiety as a key dimension of psychological distress in suicide notes. PsyArXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/m2k67","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/m2k67"},{"issue":"1","key":"10730_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98147-w","volume":"11","author":"AS Teixeira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teixeira, A. S., Talaga, S., Swanson, T. J., & Stella, M. (2021). Revealing semantic and emotional structure of suicide notes with cognitive network science. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 19423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-98147-w","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10730_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.24193\/jebp.2017.1.7","volume":"17","author":"RN Trifu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trifu, R. N., Nemes, B., Bodea-Ha\u021began, C., & Cozman, D. (2017). Linguistic indicators of language in major depressive disorder (MDD). an evidence-based research. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 17(1), 105\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24193\/jebp.2017.1.7","journal-title":"Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies"},{"key":"10730_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1355734","volume":"15","author":"RN Trifu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Trifu, R. N., Neme\u0219, B., Herta, D. C., Bodea-Hategan, C., Tala\u0219, D. A., & Coman, H. (2024). Linguistic markers for major depressive disorder: A cross-sectional study using an automated procedure. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1355734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1355734","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10730_CR64","unstructured":"Wijffels, J. (2023). UDPIPE: Tokenization, parts of speech tagging, lemmatization and dependency parsing with the 'UDPipe' 'NLP' Toolkit. R package version 0.8.11. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=udpipe"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Therapy and Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10608-026-10730-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10608-026-10730-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10608-026-10730-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T06:52:53Z","timestamp":1774075973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10608-026-10730-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["10730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10608-026-10730-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0147-5916","1573-2819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0147-5916","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}