{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T06:30:26Z","timestamp":1769149826993,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/00173\/2014 and PD\/BD\/135196\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/00173\/2014 and PD\/BD\/135196\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Inf Technol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-019-10017-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T10:12:35Z","timestamp":1570702355000},"page":"1161-1179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Are you ready? Self-determined learning readiness of language MOOC learners"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1120-9515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikoletta","family":"Agon\u00e1cs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Filipe","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3262-6705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Bartalesi-Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David N.","family":"O\u2019Steen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"10017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON.2017.7943070","volume-title":"IEEE global engineering education conference, EDUCON","author":"A Antonaci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antonaci, A., Klemke, R., Stracke, C. M., & Specht, M. (2017). Gamification in MOOCs to enhance users\u2019 goal achievement. In IEEE global engineering education conference, EDUCON (pp. 1654\u20131662). Athens, Greece: IEEE Computer Society. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EDUCON.2017.7943070\n\n."},{"key":"10017_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agon\u00e1cs, N. & Matos, J.F. 2017, Perspectives on MOOCs as heutagogy instances, INTED2017 Conference Proceedings, (pp. 6655\u201364). Valencia, Spain: IATED. doi:\nhttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.21125\/inted.2017.1538","DOI":"10.21125\/inted.2017.1538"},{"key":"10017_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agon\u00e1cs, N. & Matos, J.F. 2019, Heutagogy and self-determined learning: A review of the published literature on the application and implementation of the theory, Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning , 1\u201318. \nhttp:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1080\/02680513.2018.1562329","DOI":"10.1080\/02680513.2018.1562329"},{"key":"10017_CR4","unstructured":"Authors (2017)."},{"key":"10017_CR5","unstructured":"Authors (2019)."},{"issue":"3","key":"10017_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1080\/01587919.2013.835768","volume":"34","author":"J Baggaley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baggaley, J. (2013). MOOC rampant. Distance Education, 34(3), 368\u2013378. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01587919.2013.835768\n\n.","journal-title":"Distance Education"},{"key":"10017_CR7","unstructured":"Basereh, N., & Pishkar, K. (2016). Self-Directed Learning and Self-Efficacy Belief among Iranian EFL Learners at the advanced Level of Language Proficiency. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 3(1), 232\u2013240. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.jallr.com\/index.php\/JALLR\/article\/view\/268\/pdf268\n\n. Accessed 26 June 2019."},{"key":"10017_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.01.685","volume":"174","author":"MH Baturay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baturay, M. H. (2015). An overview of the world of MOOCs. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 427\u2013433. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.01.685\n\n.","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"10017_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-61692-901-5.ch001","volume-title":"Fostering self-regulated learning through ICT","author":"ML Bernacki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bernacki, M. L., Aguilar, A. C., & Byrnes, J. P. (2011). Self-regulated learning and technology-enhanced learning environments: An opportunity propensity analysis. In G. Dettori & D. Persico (Eds.), Fostering self-regulated learning through ICT (pp. 1\u201326). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-61692-901-5.ch001\n\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"10017_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/07294360.2014.911260","volume":"13","author":"LM Blaschke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blaschke, L. M. (2012). Heutagogy and lifelong learning: A review of heutagogical practice and self-determined learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 13(1), 56\u201371. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07294360.2014.911260\n\n.","journal-title":"International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning"},{"key":"10017_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-47724-3_2","volume-title":"The Future of Ubiquitous Learning","author":"Lisa Marie Blaschke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blaschke, L. M., & Hase, S. (2016). Heutagogy: A holistic framework for creating twenty-first-century self-determined learners. In B. Gros, Kinshuk, & M. Maina (Eds.), The Future of Ubiquitous Learning: Learning Designs for Emerging Pedagogies (pp. 25\u201340). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-47724-3_2\n\n."},{"key":"10017_CR12","volume-title":"Self-direction for lifelong learning","author":"PC Candy","year":"1991","unstructured":"Candy, P. C. (1991). Self-direction for lifelong learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers."},{"issue":"1","key":"10017_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1177\/109442810141004","volume":"4","author":"G Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen, G., & Gully, S. (2001). Validation of a new general self-efficacy scale. Organizational Research Methods, 4(1), 62\u201383. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/109442810141004\n\n.","journal-title":"Organizational Research Methods"},{"key":"10017_CR14","volume-title":"Designing and conducting mixed methods research","author":"JW Creswell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Los Angeles, California, USA: SAGE Publications, Inc."},{"key":"10017_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.10.019","volume":"129","author":"R Deng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deng, R., Benckendorff, P., & Gannaway, D. (2019). Progress and new directions for teaching and learning in MOOCs. Computers in Education, 129(2019, 48\u201360. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.10.019\n\n.","journal-title":"Computers in Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10017_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/0001848191041002004","volume":"42","author":"L Field","year":"1989","unstructured":"Field, L. (1989). Guglielmino\u2019s self-directed learning readiness scale: Should it continue to be used? Adult Education Quarterly, 42(2), 100\u2013103. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0001848191041002004\n\n.","journal-title":"Adult Education Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10017_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2009.05.020","volume":"30","author":"MJ Fisher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fisher, M. J., & King, J. (2010). The self-directed learning readiness scale for nursing education revisited: A confirmatory factor analysis. Nurse Education Today, 30(1), 44\u201348. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2009.05.020\n\n.","journal-title":"Nurse Education Today"},{"issue":"7","key":"10017_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1054\/nedt.2001.0589","volume":"21","author":"M Fisher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fisher, M., King, J., & Tague, G. (2001). Development of a self-directed learning readiness scale for nursing education. Nurse Education Today, 21(7), 516\u2013525. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/nedt.2001.0589\n\n.","journal-title":"Nurse Education Today"},{"key":"10017_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garnett, F., & O\u2019Beirne, R. (2013). Putting heutagogy into learning. In S. Hase & C. Kenyon (Eds.), Self-determined learning: Heutagogy in action (pp. 131\u2013143). London: Bloomsbury Academic. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9781472553232.ch-010\n\n.","DOI":"10.5040\/9781472553232.ch-010"},{"issue":"8","key":"10017_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2002.30.8.821","volume":"30","author":"AM Grant","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grant, A. M., Franklin, J., & Langford, P. (2002). The self-reflection and insight scale: A new measure of private self-consciousness. Social Behavior and Personality, 30(8), 821\u2013835. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2224\/sbp.2002.30.8.821\n\n.","journal-title":"Social Behavior and Personality"},{"key":"10017_CR21","unstructured":"Guglielmino, L. M. (1977). Development of the self-directed learning readiness scale. University of Georgia."},{"issue":"3","key":"10017_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.93.3.477","volume":"93","author":"AF Hadwin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hadwin, A. F., Winne, P. H., Stockley, D. B., Nesbit, J. C., & Woszczyna, C. (2001). Context moderates students\u2019 self-reports about how they study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(3), 477\u2013487. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-0663.93.3.477\n\n.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"10017_CR23","unstructured":"Hase, S., & Kenyon, C. (2000). From andragogy to heutagogy. UltiBase, 1\u20137. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.psy.gla.ac.uk\/~steve\/pr\/Heutagogy.html\n\n. Accessed 26 September 2016."},{"key":"10017_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hase, S., & Kenyon, C. (2013). The nature of learning. In S. Hase & C. Kenyon (Eds.), Self-determined learning: Heutagogy in action (pp. 19\u201335). London: Bloomsbury Academic. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5040\/9781472553232.ch-003","DOI":"10.5040\/9781472553232.ch-003"},{"key":"10017_CR25","unstructured":"Hill, A. J. (2015). Social learning in massive open online courses: An analysis of pedagogical implications and students\u2019 Learning Experiences. University of California, Los Angeles."},{"key":"10017_CR26","unstructured":"Hodges, C. B. (2016). The development of learner self-efficacy in MOOCs. In Proceedings of the 2016 GlobalLearn conference. Limerick, Ireland. Retrieved from \nhttps:\/\/www.aace.org\/conf\/glearn\/\n\n. Accessed 24 June 2019."},{"issue":"2015","key":"10017_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.10.019","volume":"91","author":"N Hood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hood, N., Littlejohn, A., & Milligan, C. (2015). Context counts: How learners\u2019 contexts influence learning in a MOOC. Computers in Education, 91(2015), 83\u201391. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.10.019\n\n.","journal-title":"Computers in Education"},{"issue":"2000","key":"10017_CR28","first-page":"33","volume":"1","author":"K Klimkowski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klimkowski, K. (2012). Non-formal elements in academic translator education. Academic Journal of Modern Philology, 1(2000), 33\u201344.","journal-title":"Academic Journal of Modern Philology"},{"key":"10017_CR29","volume-title":"The modern practice of adult education. From pedagogy to andragogy","author":"MA Knowles","year":"1970","unstructured":"Knowles, M. A. (1970). The modern practice of adult education. From pedagogy to andragogy. New York: Association Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"10017_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.14742\/ajet.3749","volume":"35","author":"D Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee, D., Watson, S. L., & Watson, W. R. (2019). Systematic literature review on self-regulated learning in massive open online courses. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(1), 28\u201342. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.14742\/ajet.3749\n\n.","journal-title":"Australasian Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"10017_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2015.12.003","volume":"29","author":"A Littlejohn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Littlejohn, A., Hood, N., Milligan, C., & Mustain, P. (2016). Learning in MOOCs: Motivations and self-regulated learning in MOOCs. Internet and Higher Education, 29, 40\u201348. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2015.12.003\n\n.","journal-title":"Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10017_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-008-9082-7","volume":"20","author":"SMM Loyens","year":"2008","unstructured":"Loyens, S. M. M., Magda, J., & Rikers, R. M. J. P. (2008). Self-directed learning in problem-based learning and its relationships with self-regulated learning. Educational Psychology Review, 20(4), 411\u2013427. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-008-9082-7\n\n.","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"10017_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luckin, R., Clark, W., Garnett, F., Whitworth, A., Akass, J., Cook, J., Day, P., Ecclesfield, N., Hamilton, T., & Robertson, J. (2010). Learner-generated contexts: A framework to support the effective use of Technology for Learning. In M. J. W. Lee & C. McLoughlin (Eds.), Web 2.0-based e-learning: Applying social informatics for tertiary teaching (pp. 70\u201384). Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-60566-294-7.ch004\n\n.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-60566-294-7.ch004"},{"key":"10017_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25684-9_24","volume-title":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","author":"Kathryn Mac Callum","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mac Callum, K., Jeffery, L., & Kinshuk. (2015). Heutagogial Approaches in the Understanding and Modelling the Adoption of Mobile Learning. In T. H. Brown & H. J. van der Merwe (Eds.), The Mobile Learning Voyage - From Small Ripples to Massive Open Waters. mLearn 2015. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 560 (pp. 330\u2013342). Cham: Springer International Publishing. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-25684-9_24"},{"key":"10017_CR35","unstructured":"McAuley, A., Stewart, B., Siemens, G., & Cormier, D. (2010). The MOOC model for digital practice. Massive open online courses: Digital ways of knowing and learning. Charlottetown, Canada. Retrieved from \nwww.elearnspace.org\/Articles\/MOOC_Final.pdf\n\n. Accessed 06 June 2019."},{"key":"10017_CR36","unstructured":"Nielson, B. (2014). Learner-centered instruction in MOOCs. Your Training Edge. Retrieved from \nhttps:\/\/www.yourtrainingedge.com\/learner-centered-instruction-in-moocs\/"},{"key":"10017_CR37","unstructured":"Pappano, L. (2012, November 14). The year of the MOOC. The New York Times. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/11\/04\/education\/edlife\/massive-open-online-courses-are-multiplying-at-a-rapid-pace.html"},{"issue":"6423","key":"10017_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7958","volume":"363","author":"J Reich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reich, J., & Ruip\u00e9rez-Valiente, J. A. (2019). The MOOC pivot. Science Education, 363(6423), 130\u2013131. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aav7958\n\n.","journal-title":"Science Education"},{"key":"10017_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2008.03156.x","volume":"42","author":"C Roberts","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roberts, C., & Stark, P. (2008). Readiness for self-directed change in professional behaviours: Factorial validation of the self-reflection and insight scale. Medical Education, 42, 1054\u20131063. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2923.2008.03156.x\n\n.","journal-title":"Medical Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10017_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32093","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2903230","volume":"7","author":"LM Romero-Rodriguez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Romero-Rodriguez, L. M., Ramirez-Montoya, M. S., & Gonzalez, J. R. V. (2019). Gamification in MOOCs: Engagement application test in energy sustainability courses. IEEE Access, 7(2), 32093\u201332101. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2903230\n\n.","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10017_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.01.1155","volume":"112","author":"K Saks","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saks, K., & Leijen, \u00c4. (2014). Distinguishing self-directed and self-regulated learning and measuring them in the E-learning context. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 112(2014, 190\u2013198. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.01.1155\n\n.","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10017_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/09523987.2015.1053288","volume":"52","author":"L Schmid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmid, L., Manturuk, K., Simpkins, I., Goldwasser, M., & Whitfield, K. E. (2015). Fulfilling the promise: Do MOOCs reach the educationally underserved? Educational Media International, 52(2), 116\u2013128. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09523987.2015.1053288\n\n.","journal-title":"Educational Media International"},{"key":"10017_CR43","unstructured":"Shah, D. (2019, January 6). Year of MOOC-based degrees: A review of MOOC stats and trends in 2018. Class Central. Retrieved from \nhttps:\/\/www.classcentral.com\/report\/moocs-stats-and-trends-2018\/"},{"key":"10017_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1982.51.2.663","volume":"51","author":"M Sherer","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sherer, M., Maddux, J. E., Mercandante, B., Prentice-Dunn, S., Jacobs, B., & Rogers, R. W. (1982). The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports, 51, 663\u2013671. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pr0.1982.51.2.663\n\n.","journal-title":"Psychological Reports"},{"key":"10017_CR45","unstructured":"Siemens, G. (2002). What is learner-centered. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/www.elearnspace.org\/blog\/2002\/10\/11\/what-is-learner-centered\/\n\n."},{"issue":"1","key":"10017_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12102","volume":"50","author":"K Steffens","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steffens, K. (2015). Competences, learning theories and MOOCs: Recent developments in lifelong learning. European Journal of Education, 50(1), 41\u201359. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejed.12102\n\n.","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10017_CR47","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"J Stephenson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stephenson, J. (1994). Capability and competence: Are they the same and does it matter? Capability, 1(1), 3\u20134.","journal-title":"Capability"},{"key":"10017_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2016.09.001","volume":"32","author":"AE Stich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stich, A. E., & Reeves, T. D. (2017). Massive open online courses and underserved students in the United States. Internet and Higher Education, 32, 58\u201371. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2016.09.001\n\n.","journal-title":"Internet and Higher Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"10017_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.5430\/ijhe.v7n6p98","volume":"7","author":"MB Turan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Turan, M. B., & Ko\u00e7, K. (2018). The impact of self-directed learning readiness on critical thinking and self-efficacy among the students of the School of Physical Education and Sports. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(6), 98. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.5430\/ijhe.v7n6p98\n\n.","journal-title":"International Journal of Higher Education"},{"key":"10017_CR50","unstructured":"van Deursen, A. J. A. M., Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2014). Measuring digital skills. From digital skills to tangible outcomes project report. Retrieved from \nwww.oii.ox.ac.uk\/research\/projects\/?id=112\n\n. Accessed 25 June 2019."},{"issue":"6","key":"10017_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1078834","volume":"19","author":"AJAM van Deursen","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Deursen, A. J. A. M., Helsper, E. J., & Eynon, R. (2016). Development and validation of the internet skills scale (ISS). Information, Communication & Society, 19(6), 804\u2013823. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1369118X.2015.1078834\n\n.","journal-title":"Information, Communication & Society"},{"key":"10017_CR52","unstructured":"Waard, I. De. (2016). Self-directed learning of experienced adult online learners enrolled in FutureLearn MOOCs. The Open University, UK. Retrieved from \nhttp:\/\/oro.open.ac.uk\/49604\/\n\n. Accessed 7 August 2018."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10017_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1543084","volume":"35","author":"J Wong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wong, J., Baars, M., Davis, D., Van Der Zee, T., Houben, G. J., & Paas, F. (2019). Supporting self-regulated learning in online learning environments and MOOCs: A systematic review. International Journal of Human Computer Interaction, 35(4\u20135), 356\u2013373. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10447318.2018.1543084\n\n.","journal-title":"International Journal of Human Computer Interaction"},{"key":"10017_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zawacki-Richter, O., Bozkurt, A., Alturki, U., & Aldraiweesh, A. (2018). What research says about MOOCs - an explorative content analysis. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 19(1), 242\u2013259. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.19173\/irrodl.v19i1.3356\n\n.","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v19i1.3356"}],"container-title":["Education and Information Technologies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-019-10017-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10639-019-10017-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10639-019-10017-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,8]],"date-time":"2020-10-08T23:11:52Z","timestamp":1602198712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10639-019-10017-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-019-10017-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1360-2357","1573-7608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1360-2357","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}