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The impact of effluent disposal on water quality and the efficiency of the wastewater treatment process were also assessed. To correlate standard analytical method results with <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> results, a total of 16 physicochemical parameters, such as nutrients, pH, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids and metals, were determined in both raw and treated wastewater samples. Results revealed that the H9c2(2-1) cell-based SRB assay has an enormous potential to evaluate municipal wastewater quality over time and to discriminate influent and effluent toxic characteristics, as well as for water quality monitoring and surveillance of the efficacy of treatment processes. Finally, the gathered results alerted to the impact of phosphates in a biological system, leading us to recommend the selection of this parameter as a potential environmental health indicator.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-023-12017-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T08:02:32Z","timestamp":1698739352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The H9c2(2-1) cell-based sulforhodamine B assay is a non-animal alternative to evaluate municipal wastewater quality over time"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9541-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa T.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6046-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduarda","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5201-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo J.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6048-7007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Pardal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"12017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-008-0404-5","volume":"13","author":"C Andreini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andreini, C., Bertini, I., Cavallaro, G., Holliday, G. 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The authors warrant that the study has not been published before in any form. The authors transfer to the Publisher the copyright of the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1395"}}