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The mission will exploit a unique region of the parameter space, between the narrow ultra-deep surveys with HST and JWST, and shallow wide-field surveys such as the Roman Space Telescope and EUCLID, and should yield by far the largest sample of any current or planned mission of very high redshift galaxies at z &gt; 10 which are sufficiently bright for detailed follow-up spectroscopy. Crucially, we propose a wide-field spectroscopic near-IR + mid-IR capability which will greatly enhance our understanding of the first galaxies by detecting and identifying a statistical sample of the first galaxies and the first supermassive black holes, and to chart the metal enrichment history of galaxies in the early Universe \u2013 potentially finding signatures of the very first stars to form from metal-free primordial gas. The wide-field and wavelength range of<jats:italic>SPACE<\/jats:italic>will also provide us a unique opportunity to study star formation by performing a wide survey of the Milky Way in the near-IR + mid-IR. This science project can be enabled either by a stand-alone ESA-led M mission or by an instrument for an L mission (with ESA and\/or NASA, JAXA and other international space agencies) with a wide-field (sub-)millimetre capability at \u03bb &gt; 500 \u03bcm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10686-021-09703-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T13:02:37Z","timestamp":1626613357000},"page":"625-660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Space Project for Astrophysical and Cosmological Exploration (SPACE), an ESA stand-alone mission and a possible contribution to the Origins Space Telescope"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4193-2539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis","family":"Burgarella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rychard","family":"Bouwens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hakim","family":"Atek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Audard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Cabrit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Caputi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laure","family":"Ciesla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Conselice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Asantha","family":"Cooray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cresci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Curti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nad\u00e8ge","family":"Lagarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jesus Gallego","family":"Maestro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Maiolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Mannucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Montillaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Oesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Pollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Reyl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Itsuki","family":"Sakon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schaerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Sharples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Sobral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Zamkotsian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"9703_CR1","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9, P. 2017CRGeo.349..187A"},{"key":"9703_CR2","unstructured":"Amorin, R. et al. 2017NatAs...1E..52A"},{"key":"9703_CR3","unstructured":"Bacon, R. et al. 2015A&A...575A..75B"},{"key":"9703_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldwin, J.A, Philips, M.M., Terlevich, R. 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