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In the present study, we analyzed the efficiency of four cryopreservation protocols applied either to isolated cell suspensions or to testes fragments from Senegalese sole. In testes fragments, the quality of cryopreserved germ cells was analyzed in vitro in terms of cell recovery, integrity and viability, DNA integrity (fragmentation and apoptosis), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde levels). Transplantation of cryopreserved germ cells was performed to check the capacity of cells to in vivo incorporate into the gonadal <jats:italic>primordium<\/jats:italic> of Senegalese sole early larval stages (6 days after hatching (dah), pelagic live), during metamorphosis (10 dah) and at post-metamorphic stages (16 dah and 20 dah, benthonic life). Protocols incorporating dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a cryoprotectant showed higher number of recovered spermatogonia, especially in samples cryopreserved with L-15 + DMSO (0.39 \u00b1 0.18 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> cells). Lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation were also significantly lower in this treatment compared with other treatments. An important increase in oxidation (MDA levels) was detected in samples containing glycerol as a cryoprotectant, reflected also in terms of DNA damage. Transplantation of L-15 + DMSO cryopreserved germ cells into larvae during early metamorphosis (10 dah, 5.2 mm) showed higher incorporation of cells (27.30 \u00b1 5.27%) than other larval stages (lower than 11%). Cryopreservation of germ cells using testes fragments frozen with L-15 + DMSO was demonstrated to be a useful technique to store Senegalese sole germline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-023-01232-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T22:01:45Z","timestamp":1693346505000},"page":"1971-1985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Post-thaw quality assessment of testicular fragments as a source of spermatogonial cells for surrogate production in the flatfish Solea senegalensis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Elsa","family":"Cabrita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Pacchiarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Fatsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Sarasquete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Paz","family":"Herr\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1232_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aitken RJ, Drevet JR (2020) The importance of oxidative stress in determining the functionality of mammalian spermatozoa: a two-edged sword. 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Procedures for the protection of animals used for experimentation with scientific purposes were approved previously by DGAV (Portuguese Direction for Veterinary and Food Services) under license 025459. Researchers were certified by FELASA B and C categories approved by DGAV to conduct experiments with live animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}