{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T22:23:43Z","timestamp":1769811823548,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,9]],"date-time":"2006-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["High Educ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-006-9023-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,8]],"date-time":"2006-07-08T12:43:26Z","timestamp":1152362606000},"page":"781-794","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Conceptions of learning and approaches to learning in Portuguese students"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio M.","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"9023_CR37","unstructured":"Bakeman, R., & Gottman J. (1986). Observing interaction: An introduction to sequential analysis. London: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9023_CR1","volume-title":"Student approaches to learning and studying","author":"J. B. Biggs","year":"1987","unstructured":"Biggs, J. B. (1987). Student approaches to learning and studying. Melbourne: Australian Council for Educational Research."},{"key":"9023_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2118-5_8","volume-title":"Learning strategies and learning styles","author":"J. B. Biggs","year":"1988","unstructured":"Biggs, J. B. (1988). Approaches to learning and to essay writing. In R. Schmeck (Ed.), Learning strategies and learning styles (pp. 185\u2013228). NY: Plenum."},{"key":"9023_CR3","first-page":"681","volume-title":"Handbook of educational ideas and practices","author":"J. B. Biggs","year":"1990","unstructured":"Biggs, J. B. (1990). Teaching for desired learning outcomes. In N. Entwistle (Ed.), Handbook of\u2423educational ideas and practices (pp. 681\u2013693). London and New York: Routledge."},{"key":"9023_CR4","volume-title":"Teaching for quality learning at university","author":"J. B. Biggs","year":"1999","unstructured":"Biggs, J. B. (1999). Teaching for quality learning at university. Buckingham: Open University Press."},{"key":"9023_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1348\/000709901158433","volume":"1","author":"J. B. Biggs","year":"2001","unstructured":"Biggs, J. B., Kember, D., & Leung, D. Y. P. (2001). The revised two factor study process questionnaire: R-SPQ-2F. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 1, 133\u2013149.","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"9023_CR6","first-page":"93","volume":"31","author":"G. M. Boulton-Lewis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Boulton-Lewis, G. M., Wilss, L., & Mutch, S. (1994). Teachers as adult learners: Their knowledge of their own learning and implications for teaching. Higher Education, 31, 93\u2013106.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"9023_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1080\/0307507042000261571","volume":"29","author":"J. M. Case","year":"2004","unstructured":"Case, J. M., & Marshall, D. (2004). Between deep and surface: Procedural approaches to learning in engineering contexts. Studies in Higher Education, 29, 605\u2013615.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"9023_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cliff, A.F. (1998). Teacher-learners' conceptions of learning: Evidence of a ``communalist'' conception amongst postgraduate learners? Higher Education, 35(2), 205\u2013220","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003021132510"},{"key":"9023_CR8","unstructured":"Duarte, A. M. (1997). Approaches to learning and writing: Development of an inventory for secondary students (\u201cIPEs\u201d-2 v.), Presented at the 4th Conference on Psychological Assessment, Lisbon."},{"key":"9023_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1003145613005","volume":"35","author":"G. Eklund-Myrskog","year":"1998","unstructured":"Eklund-Myrskog, G. (1998). Students\u2019 conceptions of learning in different educational contexts\u2019. Higher Education, 35, 299\u2013316.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"9023_CR39","unstructured":"Entwistle, N. (1990). Handbook of educational ideas and practices. London and New York: Routledge"},{"issue":"1","key":"9023_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/0729436032000056562","volume":"22","author":"N. Entwistle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Entwistle, N., & Entwistle, D. (2003). Preparing for examinations: The interplay of memorizing and understanding, and the development of knowledge objects. Higher Education Research and Development, 22(1), 19\u201341.","journal-title":"Higher Education Research and Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"9023_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-004-0003-0","volume":"16","author":"N. Entwistle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Entwistle, N., & McCune, V. (2004). The conceptual bases of study strategy inventories. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 325\u2013345.","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"9023_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Entwistle, N. J., & Peterson, E.R. (2004). Conceptions of learning and knowledge in higher education: Relationships with study behaviour and influences of learning environments. International Journal of Educational Research, 41, 407\u2013428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijer.2005.08.009"},{"key":"9023_CR12","volume-title":"Understanding student learning","author":"N. J. Entwistle","year":"1983","unstructured":"Entwistle, N. J., & Ramsden, N. (1983). Understanding student learning. London and Canberra: Croom Helm."},{"key":"9023_CR13","volume-title":"An\u00e1lisis de datos cualitativos\u2014aplicaciones a la investigaci\u00f3n educativa","author":"J. G. Flores","year":"1994","unstructured":"Flores, J. G. (1994). An\u00e1lisis de datos cualitativos\u2014aplicaciones a la investigaci\u00f3n educativa. Barcelona: PPV."},{"key":"9023_CR14","unstructured":"Garcia, M. G. (1996). Dar sentido a los datos: la combinacion de perspectivas cualitativo y cuantitativo em el analisis de entrevistas. Technical report, Universidad de Sevilla."},{"key":"9023_CR15","volume-title":"Improving the quality of student learning: Theory and practice","author":"G. Gibbs","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gibbs, G. (1992). Improving the quality of student learning: Theory and practice. Bristol: TES."},{"key":"9023_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1080\/0141192032000057401","volume":"29","author":"T. Haggis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Haggis, T. (2003). Constructing images of ourselves? A critical investigation into \u2018approaches to learning\u2019 research in higher education. British Educational research Journal, 29, 89\u2013104.","journal-title":"British Educational research Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"9023_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/03075070500392433","volume":"31","author":"A. Heikkill\u00e4","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heikkill\u00e4, A., & Lonka, K. (2006). Studying in higher education: Students\u2019 approaches to learning, self-regulation, and cognitive strategies. Studies in Higher Education, 31(1), 99\u2013117.","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"9023_CR18","volume-title":"The experience of learning: Implications to teaching and studying in higher education","author":"D. Laurillard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Laurillard, D. (1997). Learning from problem-solving. In F. Marton, D. Hounsell, & N. Entwistle (Eds.), The experience of learning: Implications to teaching and studying in higher education (2nd\u2423ed.). Edinburgh: The Scottish Academic Press.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"4","key":"9023_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-004-0002-1","volume":"16","author":"K. Lonka","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lonka, K., Olkinuora, E., & M\u00e4kinen, J. (2004). Aspects and prospects of measuring studying and learning in higher education. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 301\u2013323.","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"9023_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00132516","volume":"10","author":"F. Marton","year":"1981","unstructured":"Marton, F. (1981). Phenomenography\u2014Describing conceptions of the world around us. Instructional Science, 10, 177\u2013200.","journal-title":"Instructional Science"},{"key":"9023_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2118-5_3","volume-title":"Learning strategies and learning styles","author":"F. Marton","year":"1988","unstructured":"Marton, F. (1988). Describing and improving learning. In R. Schmeck (Ed.), Learning strategies and learning styles (pp. 53\u201382). NY: Plenum."},{"key":"9023_CR22","volume-title":"Learning and awareness","author":"F. Marton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marton, F., & Booth, S. (1997). Learning and awareness. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"issue":"3","key":"9023_CR23","first-page":"277","volume":"19","author":"F. Marton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Marton, F., Dall\u2019Alba, G., & Beaty, E. (1993). Conceptions of learning. International Journal of\u2423educational Research, 19(3), 277\u2013300.","journal-title":"International Journal of educational Research"},{"key":"9023_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1976.tb02980.x","volume":"46","author":"F. Marton","year":"1976","unstructured":"Marton, F., & S\u00e4lj\u00f6, R. (1976). On qualitative differences in learning\u2014I. Outcome and process. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 46, 4\u201311.","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"9023_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(96)00009-6","volume":"7","author":"F. Marton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marton, F., Watkins, D., & Tang, C. (1997). Discontinuities and continuities in the experience of learning: An interview study of high school students in Hong Kong. Learning and Instruction, 7, 21\u201348.","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"9023_CR26","volume-title":"Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook","author":"M. B. Miles","year":"1994","unstructured":"Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd\u2423ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"9023_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8535.1982.tb00434.x","volume":"13","author":"A. Morgan","year":"1982","unstructured":"Morgan, A., Taylor, E., & Gibbs, G. (1982). Variations in students\u2019 approaches to studying. British Journal of Educational Technology, 13(2), 107\u2013113.","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"9023_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-004-0006-x","volume":"16","author":"P. R. Pintrich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pintrich, P. R. (2004). A conceptual framework for assessing motivation and self-regulated learning in college students. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 385\u2013407.","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"9023_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410500344720","volume":"25","author":"J. T. E. Richardson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Richardson, J. T. E. (2005). Students\u2019 approaches to learning and teachers\u2019 approaches to teaching in higher education. Educational Psychology, 25(6), 673\u2013680.","journal-title":"Educational Psychology"},{"key":"9023_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01680533","volume":"8","author":"R. S\u00e4lj\u00f6","year":"1979","unstructured":"S\u00e4lj\u00f6, R. (1979). Learning about learning. Higher Education, 8, 443\u2013451.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"9023_CR31","first-page":"71","volume":"2","author":"S\u00e4lj\u00f6","year":"1994","unstructured":"S\u00e4lj\u00f6 (1994). Minding action. Conceiving of the world versus participating in cultural practices. Nordisk Pedagogik, 2, 71\u201380.","journal-title":"Nordisk Pedagogik"},{"key":"9023_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00155616","volume":"11","author":"P. R. Thomas","year":"1982","unstructured":"Thomas, P. R., & Bain, J. D. (1982). Consistency in learning strategies. Higher Education, 11, 249\u2013259.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"9023_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-004-6387-4","volume":"51","author":"K. Trigwell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Trigwell, K., & Ashwin, P. (2006). An exploratory study of situated conceptions of learning and learning environments. Higher Education, 51, 243\u2013258.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"9023_CR34","unstructured":"van den Brink, K., Alemany, I., Plat, A., Duarte, A. Ericsson, L., & Slack, R. (2000). Students\u2019 learning with educational multimedia in school\u2014A multinational study. Presented at the X\u2423Coloque AFIRSE Portugaise, Lisbon."},{"key":"9023_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vermunt, J.D., & Vermetten, Y.J. (2004). Patterns in student learning: Relationships between learning strategies, conceptions of learning, and learning orientations. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 359\u2013384","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-004-0005-y"},{"key":"9023_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00136223","volume":"20","author":"D. Watkins","year":"1990","unstructured":"Watkins, D., & Regmi, M. (1990). An investigation of the approach to learning of Nepalese tertiary students. Higher Education 20, 459\u2013469.","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"9023_CR41","first-page":"101","volume":"35","author":"D. Watkins","year":"1992","unstructured":"Watkins, D., & Regmi, M. (1992). How universal are student conceptions of learning? A Nepalese investigation. Psychologia 35, 101\u2013110.","journal-title":"Psychologia"}],"container-title":["Higher Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10734-006-9023-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10734-006-9023-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10734-006-9023-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,30]],"date-time":"2019-05-30T22:54:41Z","timestamp":1559256881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10734-006-9023-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]]}},"alternative-id":["9023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10734-006-9023-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0018-1560","1573-174X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0018-1560","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-174X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,9]]}}}