{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T11:13:42Z","timestamp":1762254822277,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COV20\/ 00470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COV20\/ 00470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015068","name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015068","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inflammopharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To assess the impact of prior chronic treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)\/ angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), both as a group and by active ingredient, on severity (risk of hospitalization and mortality), progression of and susceptibility to COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We conducted a multiple population-based case\u2013control study in Galicia (north-west Spain). The study data were sourced from medical, administrative and clinical databases. We assessed: (1) risk of hospitalization, by selecting all patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 with PCR\u2009+\u2009as cases, and a random sample of subjects without a PCR\u2009+\u2009as controls; (2) COVID-19 mortality risk; (3) risk of disease progression; and (4) susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, considering all patients with PCR\u2009+\u2009as cases, and the same subjects used in the previous model as controls. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ACEIs and ARBs were shown to decrease the risk of hospitalization (aOR\u2009=\u20090.78 [95%CI 0.69\u20130.89] and aOR\u2009=\u20090.80 [95%CI 0.72\u20130.90] respectively), risk of mortality (aOR\u2009=\u20090.71 [95%CI 0.52\u20130.98] and aOR\u2009=\u20090.69 [95%CI 0.52\u20130.91] respectively), and susceptibility to the virus (aOR\u2009=\u20090.88 [95%CI 0.82\u20130.94] and aOR\u2009=\u20090.92 [95%CI 0.86\u20130.97] respectively). By active ingredient: use of <jats:bold><jats:italic>enalapril<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> was associated with a significantly lower risk of hospitalization (aOR\u2009=\u20090.72 [95%CI 0.61\u20130.85]), mortality (aOR\u2009=\u20090.59 [95%CI 0.38\u20130.92]) and susceptibility to COVID-19 (aOR\u2009=\u20090.86 [95%CI 0.79\u20130.94]); and use of <jats:bold><jats:italic>candesartan<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> was associated with a decreased risk of hospitalization (aOR\u2009=\u20090.76 [95%CI 0.60\u20130.95]), mortality (aOR\u2009=\u20090.36 [95%CI 0.17\u20130.75]) and disease progression (aOR\u2009=\u20090.73 [95%CI 0.56\u20130.95]).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This large-scale real-world data study suggest that <jats:bold><jats:italic>enalapril<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold><jats:italic>candesartan<\/jats:italic><\/jats:bold> are associated with a considerable reduction in risk of severe COVID19 outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-024-01475-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T13:01:56Z","timestamp":1713186116000},"page":"1805-1815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of prior antihypertensive treatment on COVID-19 outcomes, by active ingredient"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4703-0234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0648-7716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maruxa","family":"Zapata-Cachafeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6466-6213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Visos-Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3350-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almudena","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8315-6463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Pintos-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3655-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pi\u00f1eiro-Lamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0500-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa M.","family":"Herdeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5766-8672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adolfo","family":"Figueiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4349-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel","family":"Salgado-Barreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"COVID-Drug Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rosendo","family":"Bugar\u00edn-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Carracedo-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Barcala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Lema-Oreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Narmeen","family":"Mallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Portela-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Prieto-Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Saez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Taracido-Trunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1475_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2021.106330","volume":"103","author":"V Ajmera","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ajmera V et al (2021) RAMIC: design of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of ramipril in patients with COVID-19. 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