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Nonetheless, growth conditions of this species at an early development phase still require optimization. The present study addresses, under controlled laboratory conditions, the effects of photoperiod (long vs. short-day) and light spectra (white, blue, and red light) on growth and pigment composition of <jats:italic>C. tomentosum.<\/jats:italic> Relative growth rate was approximately 2\u00d7 higher under long-day photoperiod (average of 39.2 and 20.1% week<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for long and short-day, respectively). Concentrations per dry weight of major pigments such as chlorophyll <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic> (Chl<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>) and siphonoxanthin (Siph) were significantly higher under long-day photoperiod. Relative growth rates were higher under red light, intermediate under white light, and lower under blue light. These last results were rather surprising, as Siph-Chl<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\/Chl<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> light harvesting complexes of <jats:italic>Codium<\/jats:italic> have increased absorption in the blue-green region of the light spectra. Changes in carbon allocation patterns caused by the spectral composition of light and overgrowth of green microalgae in blue light cultures could explain the differences recorded for relative growth rate. Long-day photoperiod and light sources with preferential emission at the red region of the light spectra were identified as optimal for growth of <jats:italic>C. tomentosum<\/jats:italic> at early development stages. These lighting conditions can reduce the time required to reach the necessary biomass before transfer to grow-out systems. Overall, these findings can shorten production time, increase macroalgal productivity, and enhance aquaculture revenues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02289-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]],"date-time":"2020-10-24T11:02:34Z","timestamp":1603537354000},"page":"471-480","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of photoperiod and light spectra on growth and pigment composition of the green macroalga Codium tomentosum"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"R\u00faben","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Calado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Lilleb\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Pitarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jorge Marques","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5088-843X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Cartaxana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2289_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1080\/09670262.2011.633174","volume":"46","author":"MH Abreu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abreu MH, Pereira R, Sousa-Pinto I, Yarish C (2011) Ecophysiological studies of the non-indigenous species Gracilaria vermiculophylla (Rhodophyta) and its abundance patterns in Ria de Aveiro lagoon, Portugal. 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