{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T20:24:32Z","timestamp":1774470272574,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Child Fam Stud"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Practitioners\u2019 characteristics and actions influence the implementation of evidence-based programs, but little is known about the practitioner\u2019s role in the implementation of parent-based programs. The present qualitative study is the first to explore the perceptions of parents and professionals regarding the practitioners\u2019 characteristics and actions which influence the implementation of a parent program directed at children\u2019s behavior problems. Using thematic analysis, data were examined from eight focus groups comprising 24 parents and 19 practitioners who have participated in the Incredible Years parent group program (IYPP). The analysis identified three groups of practitioners\u2019 characteristics perceived to impact the implementation of the IYPP: inferred interpersonal characteristics (genuine interest; empathy and warmth; positive regard; humbleness); inferred intrapersonal characteristics (objectivity; flexibility; well-being; reflexiveness) and objective characteristics (similar age; being a parent; clinical professional background; professional experience with children and the IYPP). These personal characteristics are perceived as serving to underpin practitioners\u2019 actions, and an integrated framework model is proposed where specific practitioners\u2019 actions are understood in relation to personal characteristics. Inferred characteristics are perceived as determinants in the intervention process while objective characteristics are seen as facilitators of parent engagement in the earliest stages of intervention. Finally, most of the characteristics and actions perceived as relevant in this study are contemplated in the IYPP model; however, the practitioners\u2019 intrapersonal well-being, self-reflexiveness and genuineness emerged as characteristics which may merit further consideration. The results from this study suggest that in the IYPP the person of the practitioner may indeed be worthy of more critical examination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-023-02553-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]],"date-time":"2023-03-04T07:02:46Z","timestamp":1677913366000},"page":"1452-1469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The person within: Parents and professionals\u2019 views about the practitioner\u2019s role in a parenting program"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7280-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9101-523X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Francisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6680-9289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5035-0816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Seabra-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2553_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychological Association [APA], Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice. (2005). Evidence-based practice in psychology. American Psychologist, 61(4), 271\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.61.4.271.","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.61.4.271"},{"key":"2553_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barlow, J., Smailagic, N., Huband, N., Roloff, V., & Bennett, C. (2014). Group-based parent training programmes for improving parental psychosocial health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 17(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002020.pub4.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002020.pub4"},{"issue":"1","key":"2553_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-010-0186-1","volume":"12","author":"C Berkel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berkel, C., Mauricio, A. M., Schoenfelder, E., & Sandler, I. N. (2011). Putting the pieces together: An integrated model of program implementation. Prevention Science, 12(1), 23\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11121-010-0186-1.","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"2553_CR4","unstructured":"Berlyn C., Wise S., & Soriano G. (2008). Engaging fathers in child and family services (Occasional Paper No.22). Australian Government, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Canberra, Australia. https:\/\/www.dss.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/op22.pdf."},{"key":"2553_CR5","unstructured":"Beutler, L. E., Malik, M. L., Alimohamed, S., Harwood, T. M., Talebi, H., Noble, S., & Wong. E. (2004). Therapist variables. In M. J. Lambert (Ed.), Bergin and Garfield\u2019s handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (pp. 227\u2013306)."},{"key":"2553_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-009-9277-7","volume":"18","author":"ML Bloomquist","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bloomquist, M. L., Horowitz, J. L., August, G. J., Lee, C.-Y. S., Realmuto, G. M., & Klimes-Dougan, B. (2009). Understanding parent participation in a going-to-scale implementation trial of the early risers conduct problems prevention program. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18, 710\u2013718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-009-9277-7.","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"2553_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.2007.00029.x","volume":"33","author":"AJ Blow","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blow, A. J., Sprenkle, D. H., & Davis, S. D. (2007). Is who delivers the treatment more important than the treatment itself? The role of the therapist in common factors. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 33(3), 298\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1752-0606.2007.00029.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Marital and Family Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2553_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"2553_CR9","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research: A practical guide for beginners. Sage."},{"issue":"2","key":"2553_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-017-0745-9","volume":"49","author":"S Buchanan-Pascall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buchanan-Pascall, S., Gray, K. M., Gordon, M., & Melvin, G. A. (2018). Systematic review and meta-analysis of parent group interventions for primary school children aged 4-12 years with externalizing and\/or internalizing problems. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 49(2), 244\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-017-0745-9.","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Human Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"2553_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-019-00307-y","volume":"23","author":"J Butler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butler, J., Gregg, L., Calam, R., & Wittkowski, A. (2020). Parents\u2019 perceptions and experiences of parenting programmes: A systematic review and metasynthesis of the qualitative literature. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 23(2), 176\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-019-00307-y.","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2553_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6427.12226","volume":"41","author":"A Carr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carr, A. (2019). Family therapy and systemic interventions for child-focused problems: The current evidence base. Journal of Family Therapy, 41(2), 153\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-6427.12226.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Therapy"},{"key":"2553_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50","volume":"4","author":"LJ Damschroder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Damschroder, L. J., Aron, D. C., Keith, R. E., Kirsh, S. R., Alexander, J. A., & Lowery, J. C. (2009). Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: A consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implementation Science, 4, 50 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1748-5908-4-50.","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"key":"2553_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-008-9165-0","volume":"41","author":"JA Durlak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Durlak, J. A., & DuPre, E. P. (2008). Implementation matters: A review of research on the influence of implementation on program outcomes and the factors affecting implementation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 327\u2013350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10464-008-9165-0.","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2553_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2009.00975.x","volume":"35","author":"C Eames","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eames, C., Daley, D., Hutchings, J., Whitaker, C. J., Jones, K., Hughes, J. C., & Bywater, T. (2009). Treatment fidelity as a predictor of behavior change in parents attending group-based parent training. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(5), 603\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2009.00975.x.","journal-title":"Child: Care, Health and Development"},{"key":"2553_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.07.011","volume":"48","author":"C Eames","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eames, C., Daley, D., Hutchings, J., Whitaker, C. J., Bywater, T., Jones, K., & Hughes, J. C. (2010). The impact of group leaders\u2019 behaviour on parents acquisition of key parenting skills during parent training. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 1221\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2010.07.011.","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"key":"2553_CR17","unstructured":"Fixsen, D., Naoom, S., Blase, K., Friedman, R., & Wallace, F. (2005). Implementation research: A synthesis of the literature. University of South Florida, Louis de la Parte Florida Mental Health Institute, National Implementation Research Network. https:\/\/nirn.fpg.unc.edu\/resources\/implementation-research-synthesis-literature."},{"issue":"6","key":"2553_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-014-9984-6","volume":"24","author":"M Furlong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Furlong, M., & McGilloway, S. (2014). Barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based parenting programs in disadvantaged settings: A qualitative study. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(6), 1809\u20131818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-014-9984-6.","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"2553_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008225.pub2","volume":"8","author":"M Furlong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Furlong, M., McGilloway, S., Bywater, T., Hutchings, J., Smith, S. M., & Donnelly, M. (2012). Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural group-based parenting programmes for early-onset conduct problems in children aged 3 to 12 years. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8(1), 1\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008225.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"2553_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.03.023","volume":"88","author":"AR Garcia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garcia, A. R., DeNard, C., Ohene, S., Morones, S. M., & Connaughton, C. (2018). \u201cI am more than my past\u201d: Parents\u2019 attitudes and perceptions of the Positive Parenting Program in Child Welfare. Children and Youth Services Review, 88, 286\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.03.023.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"2553_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gardner, F., Leijten, P., Mann, J., Landau, S., Harris, V., Beecham, J., Bonin, E. M., Hutchings, J., & Scott, S. (2017). Could scale-up of parenting programmes improve child disruptive behaviour and reduce social inequalities? Using individual participant data meta-analysis to establish for whom programmes are effective and cost-effective. NIHR Journals Library. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/phr05100.","DOI":"10.3310\/phr05100"},{"issue":"5","key":"2553_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31816765c2","volume":"47","author":"AF Garland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garland, A. F., Hawley, K. M., Brookman-Frazee, L., & Hurlburt, M. S. (2008). Identifying common elements of evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children\u2019s disruptive behavior problems. Journal of American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(5), 505\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CHI.0b013e31816765c2.","journal-title":"Journal of American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"2553_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hawes, D. J., & Dadds, M. R. (2021). Practitioner review: Parenting interventions for child conduct problems: Reconceptualising resistance to change. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13378.","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13378"},{"issue":"1","key":"2553_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/10497315211018509","volume":"32","author":"N Hua","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hua, N., & Leijten, P. (2021). Parenting programs for disruptive child behavior in China: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Research on Social Work Practice, 32(1), 32\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10497315211018509.","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"key":"2553_CR25","unstructured":"Incredible Years. (2022). Measures and forms for parent programs. https:\/\/incredibleyears.com\/for-researchers\/measures\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"2553_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-016-0210-5","volume":"19","author":"LA Kaehler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaehler, L. A., Jacobs, M., & Jones, D. J. (2016). Distilling common history and practice elements to inform dissemination: Hanf-model BPT programs as an example. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 19(3), 236\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-016-0210-5.","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2553_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2017.1310044","volume":"46","author":"JW Kaminski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaminski, J. W., & Claussen, A. H. (2017). Evidence base update for psychosocial treatments for disruptive behaviors in children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46(4), 477\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2017.1310044.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2553_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9201-9","volume":"36","author":"JW Kaminski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaminski, J. W., Valle, L. A., Filene, J. H., & Boyle, C. L. (2008). A meta-analytic review of components associated with parent training program effectiveness. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36(4), 567\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-007-9201-9.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2553_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-013-0401-2","volume":"22","author":"J Koerting","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koerting, J., Smith, E., Knowles, M. M., Latter, S., Elsey, H., McCann, D. C., Thompson, M., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2014). Barriers to, and facilitators of, parenting programmes for childhood behaviour problems: A qualitative synthesis of studies of parents\u2019 and professionals\u2019 perceptions. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 22(11), 653\u2013670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-013-0401-2.","journal-title":"European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2553_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2009.00939.x","volume":"35","author":"J Law","year":"2009","unstructured":"Law, J., Plunkett, C., Taylor, J., & Gunning, M. (2009). Developing policy in the provision of parenting programmes: Integrating a review of reviews with the perspectives of both parents and professionals. Child Care Health and Development, 35(3), 302\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2009.00939.x.","journal-title":"Child Care Health and Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"2553_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12781","volume":"59","author":"P Leijten","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leijten, P., Gardner, F., Landau, S., Harris, V., Mann, J., Hutchings, J., Beecham, J., Bonin, E., & Scott, S. (2018). Research review: Harnessing the power of individual participant data in a meta-analysis of the benefits and harms of the Incredible Years parenting program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(2), 99\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12781.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2553_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12550","volume":"60","author":"S Leit\u00e3o","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leit\u00e3o, S., Seabra-Santos, M. J., & Gaspar, M. F. (2020). Therapist factors matter: A systematic review of parent interventions directed at children\u2019s behavior problems. Family Process, 60(1), 84\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/famp.12550.","journal-title":"Family Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"2553_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6171.2008.00135.x","volume":"21","author":"AM Levac","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levac, A. M., McCay, E., Merka, P., & Reddon\u2010D\u2019Arcy, M. L. (2008). Exploring parent participation in a parent training program for children\u2019s aggression: Understanding and illuminating mechanisms of change. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 21(2), 78\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1744-6171.2008.00135.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"2553_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1037\/qup0000082","volume":"4","author":"HM Levitt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levitt, H. M., Motulsky, S. L., Wertz, F. J., Morrow, S. L., & Ponterotto, J. G. (2017). Recommendations for designing and reviewing qualitative research in psychology: Promoting methodological integrity. Qualitative Psychology, 4(1), 2\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/qup0000082.","journal-title":"Qualitative Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2553_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015013","volume":"40","author":"JE Lochman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lochman, J. E., Powell, N. P., Boxmeyer, C. L., Qu, L., Wells, K. C., & Windle, M. (2009). Implementation of a school-based prevention program: Effects of counselor and school characteristics. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 40(5), 476\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0015013.","journal-title":"Professional Psychology: Research and Practice"},{"key":"2553_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02917-1","volume":"20","author":"K McKay","year":"2020","unstructured":"McKay, K., Kennedy, E., Senior, R., Scott, S., Hill, J., Doolan, M., Woolgar, M., Peeren, S., & Young, B. (2020). Informing the personalisation of interventions for parents of children with conduct problems: A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry, 20, 513 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-020-02917-1.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2553_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.07.006","volume":"33","author":"AT Menting","year":"2013","unstructured":"Menting, A. T., Orobio de Castro, B., & Matthys, W. (2013). Effectiveness of the Incredible Years parent training to modify disruptive and prosocial child behavior: a meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(8), 901\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2013.07.006.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"2553_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-013-0128-0","volume":"16","author":"D Michelson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michelson, D., Davenport, C., Dretzke, J., Barlow, J., & Day, C. (2013). Do evidence-based interventions work when tested in the \u201creal world?\u201d A systematic review and meta-analysis of parent management training for the treatment of child disruptive behavior. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 16(1), 18\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-013-0128-0.","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"9","key":"2553_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0202855","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202855","volume":"13","author":"T Mingebach","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mingebach, T., Kamp-Becker, I., Christiansen, H., & Weber, L. (2018). Meta-meta-analysis on the effectiveness of parent-based interventions for the treatment of child externalizing behavior problems. PLoS One, 13(9), e0202855 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0202855.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2553_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan, D. L., & Krueger, R. A. (1998). The focus group kit. Sage Publications.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483328164"},{"issue":"2","key":"2553_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198113485755","volume":"41","author":"J Mytton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mytton, J., Ingram, J., Manns, S., & Thomas, J. (2014). Facilitative and barriers to engagement in parenting programs: A qualitative systematic review. Health Education & Behavior, 41(2), 127\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1090198113485755.","journal-title":"Health Education & Behavior"},{"key":"2553_CR42","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence [NICE] (2013). Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people: Recognition, intervention and management (National clinical guideline 158). British Psychological Society, Royal College of Psychiatrists. http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/CG158."},{"issue":"1","key":"2553_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.1994.tb00006.x","volume":"1","author":"GR Patterson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Patterson, G. R., & Chamberlain, P. (1994). A functional analysis of resistance during parent training therapy. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 1(1), 53\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2850.1994.tb00006.x.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Science and Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"2553_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2005.00479.x","volume":"31","author":"J Patterson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patterson, J., Mockford, C., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2005). Parents\u2019 perceptions of the value of the Webster-Stratton Parenting Programme: A qualitative study of a general practice based initiative. Child: Care, Health & Development, 31(1), 53\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2005.00479.x.","journal-title":"Child: Care, Health & Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"2553_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12381","volume":"56","author":"GV Polanczyk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polanczyk, G. V., Salum, G. A., Sugaya, L. S., Caye, A., & Rohde, L. A. (2015). Annual research review: A meta\u2010analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(3), 345\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12381.","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2553_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psi.2016.03.004","volume":"25","author":"E Rodr\u00edguez-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Guti\u00e9rrez, E., Mart\u00edn-Quintana, J. C., & Cruz-Sosa, M. (2016). \u201cLiving Adolescence in Family\u201d parenting program: Adaptation and implementation in social and school contexts. Psychosocial Intervention, 25(2), 103\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psi.2016.03.004.","journal-title":"Psychosocial Intervention"},{"issue":"2","key":"2553_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1037\/h0045357","volume":"21","author":"CR Rogers","year":"1957","unstructured":"Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(2), 95\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0045357.","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting Psychology"},{"key":"2553_CR48","unstructured":"Rogers, C. R. (1980). A way of being. Houghton Mifflin Company."},{"key":"2553_CR49","unstructured":"Scott, S., Carby, A., & Rendu, A. (2008). Impact of therapists\u2019 skill on effectiveness of parenting groups for child antisocial behavior. King\u2019s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, University College London. http:\/\/www.incredibleyears.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/therapists-skill_08.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"2553_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2006.00174.x","volume":"45","author":"GM Simon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Simon, G. M. (2006). The heart of the matter: a proposal for placing the self of the therapist at the center of family therapy research and training. Family process, 45(3), 331\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1545-5300.2006.00174.x.","journal-title":"Family process"},{"issue":"6","key":"2553_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731507308999","volume":"18","author":"SB Stern","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stern, S. B., Alaggia, R., Watson, K., & Morton, T. R. (2008). Implementing an evidence-based parenting program with adherence in the real world of community practice. Research on Social Work Practice, 18(6), 543\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049731507308999.","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"2553_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423616000281","volume":"18","author":"D Trivedi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trivedi, D. (2017). Cochrane review summary: Group-based parent training programmes for improving parental psychosocial health. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 18(1), 1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1463423616000281.","journal-title":"Primary Health Care Research & Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"2553_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-011-0240-1","volume":"32","author":"KM Turner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Turner, K. M., Nicholson, J. M., & Sanders, M. R. (2011). The role of practitioner self-efficacy, training, program and workplace factors on the implementation of an evidence-based parenting intervention in primary care. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 32(2), 95\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10935-011-0240-1.","journal-title":"The Journal of Primary Prevention"},{"key":"2553_CR55","volume-title":"The great psychotherapy debate: Models, methods, and findings","author":"BE Wampold","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wampold, B. E. (2001). The great psychotherapy debate: Models, methods, and findings. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"2553_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wampold, B. E., Baldwin, S. A., Holtforth, M. G., & Imel, Z. E. (2017). What characterizes effective therapists? In L. G. Castonguay & C. E. Hill (Eds.), How and why are some therapists better than others: Understanding therapist effects (pp. 37\u201353). American Psychological Association.","DOI":"10.1037\/0000034-003"},{"issue":"8","key":"2553_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1175-3","volume":"28","author":"L Weber","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weber, L., Kamp-Becker, I., Christiansen, H., & Mingebach, T. (2018). Treatment of child externalizing behavior problems: A comprehensive review and meta-meta-analysis on effects of parent-based interventions on parental characteristics. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(8), 1025\u20131036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-018-1175-3.","journal-title":"European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2553_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1177\/01454455930174002","volume":"17","author":"C Webster-Stratton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Webster-Stratton, C., & Herbert, M. (1993). What really happens in parent training? Behavior Modification, 17(4), 407\u2013456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/01454455930174002.","journal-title":"Behavior Modification"},{"issue":"6","key":"2553_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201200177","volume":"65","author":"C Webster-Stratton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, M., & Marsenich, L. (2014). Improving therapist fidelity during implementation of evidence-based practices: Incredible years program. Psychiatry Services, 65(6), 789\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.201200177.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Services"},{"key":"2553_CR60","unstructured":"Webster-Stratton, C. (2001). The parent and child series: A comprehensive course divided into four programs - Leaders\u2019 guide. The Incredible Years."},{"key":"2553_CR61","unstructured":"Webster-Stratton, C. (2006). Quality training, supervision, ongoing monitoring, and agency support: Key ingredients to implementing the Incredible Years programs with fidelity. Incredible Years Library of Research. http:\/\/67.199.123.90\/library\/items\/quality-key-ingredientsfidelity-04.pdf."},{"key":"2553_CR62","unstructured":"Webster-Stratton, C. (2012). Collaborating with parents to reduce children\u2019s behavior problems: A book for therapists using the Incredible Years programs (pp. 303\u2013377). The Incredible Years."},{"key":"2553_CR63","unstructured":"Webster-Stratton, C. (2020). Innovation of Incredible Years: Where we have been and where do we go from here? In M. E. Feinberg (Ed.), Designing evidence-based public health and prevention programs: Expert program developers explain the science and art. Routledge."},{"key":"2553_CR64","unstructured":"Webster-Stratton, C., & Hancock, L. (1998). Training for parents of young children with conduct problems: Content, methods, and therapeutic processes. In J. M. Briesmeister & C. E. Schaefer (Eds.), Handbook of parent training: Parents as co-therapists for children\u2019s behavior problems (pp. 98\u2013152). John Wiley & Sons Inc."},{"key":"2553_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Webster-Stratton, C., & Spitzer, A. (1996). Parenting a young child with conduct problems: New insights using qualitative methods. In T. H. Ollendick & R. J. Prinz (Eds.), Advances in clinical child psychology, Vol. 18, pp. 1\u201362. Plenum Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4613-0323-7_1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0323-7_1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Child and Family Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10826-023-02553-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10826-023-02553-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10826-023-02553-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T08:25:04Z","timestamp":1685089504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10826-023-02553-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-023-02553-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1062-1024","1573-2843"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1062-1024","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-2843","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"The present research was preliminarily approved by the Ethics Commission of the academic institution where the first researcher is conducting their Ph.D. studies and by the ethics committee of the practitioners\u2019 institutions, when this was required (one institution).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}