{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T19:08:47Z","timestamp":1776107327454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Fusion Energ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The paper presents an overview of the design status of the Radial Neutron Camera (RNC), that, together with the Vertical Neutron Camera, will provide, through reconstruction techniques applied to the measured line-integrated neutron fluxes, the time resolved measurement of the ITER neutron and \u03b1-source profile (i.e. neutron emissivity, neutrons emitted per unit time and volume). The RNC is composed of two subsystems, the In-Port RNC and Ex-Port RNC located, respectively, inside and outside the Plug of Equatorial Port #01. The In-Port subsystem is in a more advanced design stage since it has recently undergone the Final Design Review in the ITER procurement process. The paper describes the diagnostic layout, the interfaces, the measurement capabilities and the main challenges in its realization. Prototyping and testing of neutron detectors and electronics components were carried out and led to the choice of the component solutions that can match the environmental and operational constraints in terms radiation hardness, high temperature and electromagnetic compatibility. The performance of the RNC in terms of neutron emissivity measurement capability was assessed through 1D and 2D reconstruction analysis. It is proven that the neutron emissivity can be reconstructed in real-time within the measurement requirements: 10% accuracy, 10\u00a0ms time resolution and a\/10 (a\u2009=\u2009plasma minor radius) space resolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10894-022-00333-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T17:02:39Z","timestamp":1663520559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Progress of Design and Development for the ITER Radial Neutron Camera"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0005-5680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Esposito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Marocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gandolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Belli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Bertalot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Blocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Bocian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Brolatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Cecconello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Centioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R. C.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Crescenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"de Bilbao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Domenicone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Ducasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Di Mambro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Dongiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Eletxigerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Etxeita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Ficker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gallina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Giacomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Ginoulhiac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Godlewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hjalmarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Imrisek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Kasprzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kotula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Krasilnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lewandowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Maffucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"U.","family":"Marotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D.","family":"Marzullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Mazzitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Mazzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Miklaszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Mikszuta-Michalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Maciocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Magagnino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Misano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Mlynar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Monti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Moro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Ortwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Passeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Pinna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Pirovano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Pisciotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Pompili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Podda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Swierblewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Szklarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Tat\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ventre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Villone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Virgili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zimbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"333_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10894-019-00220-w","volume":"38","author":"L Bertalot","year":"2019","unstructured":"L. Bertalot et al., Present status of ITER neutron diagnostics development. J. Fusion Energ. 38, 283 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Fusion Energ."},{"key":"333_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.13182\/FST08-A1681","volume":"53","author":"M Sasao","year":"2008","unstructured":"M. Sasao et al., Chapter 9 fusion product diagnostics. Fusion Sci. Technol. 53, 604 (2008)","journal-title":"Fusion Sci. Technol."},{"key":"333_CR3","unstructured":"D. Marocco, B. Esposito, F. Moro et al., System level design and performances of the ITER radial neutron camera, in FIP 524 Proceedings of the 26th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, 4\u201316 (2016)"},{"key":"333_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fusengdes.2021.112341","volume":"166","author":"R Rodionov","year":"2021","unstructured":"R. Rodionov et al., Optimization of the ITER vertical neutron camera detectors and collimators. Fusion Eng. Des. 166, 112341 (2021)","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"key":"333_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fusengdes.2018.10.020","volume":"137","author":"D Dongiovanni","year":"2018","unstructured":"D. Dongiovanni et al., Design space exploration for architecture selection: radial neutron camera nuclear fusion diagnostic study case. Fusion Eng. Des. 137, 378 (2018)","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"key":"333_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fusengdes.2018.12.028","volume":"146","author":"F Moro","year":"2019","unstructured":"F. Moro et al., The ITER radial neutron camera in-port system: nuclear analyses in support of its design development. Fusion Eng. Des. 146, 236 (2019)","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"key":"333_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fusengdes.2019.03.099","volume":"146B","author":"M Cecconello","year":"2019","unstructured":"M. Cecconello et al., Strategy and guidelines for the calibration of the ITER radial neutron camera. Fusion Eng. Des. 146B, 2049 (2019)","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"key":"333_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/ab0dc1","volume":"59","author":"M Scholz","year":"2019","unstructured":"M. Scholz et al., Conceptual design of the high resolution neutron spectrometer for ITER Nucl. Fusion 59, 065001 (2019)","journal-title":"Fusion"},{"key":"333_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-4326\/aa6f7d","volume":"57","author":"M Nocente","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Nocente, M. Tardocchi et al., Conceptual design of the radial gamma ray spectrometer system for a particle and runaway electron measurements at ITER. Nucl. Fusion 57, 076016 (2017)","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"333_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fusengdes.2021.112749","volume":"172","author":"C Centioli","year":"2021","unstructured":"C. Centioli et al., Interface definition and integration in the equatorial port 01 of the ITER In-port radial neutron camera. Fusion Eng. Des. 172, 112749 (2021)","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"key":"333_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0029-5515\/51\/5\/053011","volume":"51","author":"D Marocco","year":"2011","unstructured":"D. Marocco et al., Combined unfolding and spatial inversion of neutron camera measurements for ion temperature profile determination in ITER. Nucl. Fusion 51, 053011 (2011)","journal-title":"Nucl. Fusion"},{"key":"333_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C03033","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-0221\/7\/03\/C03033","volume":"7","author":"D Marocco","year":"2012","unstructured":"D. Marocco et al., Neutron measurements in ITER using the radial neutron camera. J. Instrum. 7, C03033 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Instrum."},{"key":"333_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2012.05.063","volume":"A686","author":"M Odstrcil","year":"2012","unstructured":"M. Odstrcil et al., Modern numerical methods for plasma tomography optimisation. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A686, 156 (2012)","journal-title":"Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res."},{"key":"333_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fusengdes.2020.111840","volume":"160","author":"K Mikszuta-Michalika","year":"2020","unstructured":"K. Mikszuta-Michalika et al., A total neutron yield constraint implemented to the RNC emissivity reconstruction on ITER tokamak. Fusion Eng. Des. 160, 111840 (2020)","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"key":"333_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2011.2120622","volume":"58","author":"A Neto","year":"2011","unstructured":"A. Neto et al., A survey of recent MARTe based systems. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 58, 1 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"333_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fusengdes.2017.03.096","volume":"123","author":"R Costa-Pereira","year":"2017","unstructured":"R. Costa-Pereira et al., Real-time data acquisition prototype proposal of the ITER radial neutron camera and gamma-ray spectrometer. Fusion Eng. Des. 123, 901 (2017)","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"issue":"7","key":"333_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2019.2907056","volume":"66","author":"N Cruz","year":"2019","unstructured":"N. Cruz, B. Santos et al., The design and performance of the real time software architecture for the ITER radial neutron camera. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 66(7), 1310 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"333_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2019.2903646","volume":"66","author":"A Fernandes","year":"2019","unstructured":"A. Fernandes et al., FPGA code for the data acquisition and real-time processing prototype of the ITER radial neutron camera. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 66(7), 1318 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"333_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2019.2899319","volume":"66","author":"B Santos","year":"2019","unstructured":"B. Santos et al., Real-time data compression for data acquisition systems applied to the ITER radial neutron camera. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 66(7), 1324 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"333_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fusengdes.2019.03.019","volume":"146B","author":"B Santos","year":"2019","unstructured":"B. Santos et al., Linux device driver for radial neutron camera in view of ITER long pulses with variable data throughput. Fusion Eng. Des. 146B, 1698\u20131702 (2019)","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"key":"333_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fusengdes.2017.03.109","volume":"123","author":"M Riva","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. Riva et al., Hardware architecture of the data acquisition and processing system for the JET neutron camera upgrade (NCU) project. Fusion Eng. Des. 123, 873 (2017)","journal-title":"Fusion Eng. Des."},{"key":"333_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2018.10.110","volume":"A936","author":"F Pompili","year":"2019","unstructured":"F. Pompili et al., Radiation and thermal stress test on diamond detectors for the radial neutron camera of ITER. Nuclear Inst. Methods Phys. Res. A936, 62 (2019)","journal-title":"Nuclear Inst. Methods Phys. Res."},{"key":"333_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1109\/TPS.2018.2795647","volume":"46","author":"M Riva","year":"2018","unstructured":"M. Riva et al., High-priority prototype testing in support of system-level design development of the ITER radial neutron camera. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 46, 1291 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"333_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2018.2807841","volume":"65","author":"S Baccaro","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Baccaro et al., Radiation damage tests on diamond and scintillation detector components for the ITER radial neutron camera. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 65(8), 2046 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"333_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2021.165574","volume":"A1010","author":"M Passeri","year":"2021","unstructured":"M. Passeri et al., Assessment of single crystal diamond detector radiation hardness to 14 MeV neutrons. Nuclear Inst. Methods Phys. Res. A1010, 165574 (2021)","journal-title":"Nuclear Inst. Methods Phys. Res."},{"key":"333_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Maffucci et al., EMC Issues and Signal Integrity Analysis of Neutron Diagnostics for Nuclear Fusion Machines, in Proceedings of the IEEE 26th Workshop on Signal and Power Integrity (IEEE SPI), Siegen, Germany, 22\u201325 May, 2022, paper ID #50","DOI":"10.1109\/SPI54345.2022.9874927"},{"key":"333_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9002(93)90947-G","volume":"A329","author":"M Adams","year":"1993","unstructured":"M. Adams et al., The JET neutron emission profile monitor. Nuclear Inst. Methods Phys. Res. A329, 277\u2013290 (1993)","journal-title":"Nuclear Inst. Methods Phys. Res."},{"key":"333_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nima.2021.165168","volume":"A998","author":"Q Ducasse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Q. Ducasse et al., Characterization of the response and the intrinsic efficiency of a 4He scintillation detector to fast mono-energetic neutrons. Nuclear Inst. Methods Phys. Res. A998, 165168 (2021)","journal-title":"Nuclear Inst. Methods Phys. Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Fusion Energy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10894-022-00333-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10894-022-00333-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10894-022-00333-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T03:33:54Z","timestamp":1668569634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10894-022-00333-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10894-022-00333-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0164-0313","1572-9591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0164-0313","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9591","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"22"}}