{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T15:19:32Z","timestamp":1769181572037,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013270","name":"Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["776905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["776905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Happiness Stud"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Purpose: the aim of the article is to show the role of dating and dating violence victimisation, different socioeconomic characteristics, personal experiences of abuse, perceived social support, and the ability to resolve social problems in happiness among adolescents in Europe.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods: the study had a cross-sectional design. The study participants were 1.528 students from secondary schools (age 13\u201316) in Spain, Italy, Romania, Portugal, Poland, and the UK. In order to understand which variables were associated with happiness, we fit multiple regression models.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: the mean value of happiness is lower when teens are in a romantic or dating relationship and have suffered physical and\/or sexual violence [\u03b2 (CI 95%): -1.32(-2.41; -0.22)].<\/jats:p><jats:p>Both not being a victim of bullying and cyberbullying [\u03b2(CI 95%):0.90 (0.38; 1.41)] and not witnessing domestic violence against the mother \u03b2(CI 95%):1.97(1.06; 2.87)] is associated with relatively higher mean happiness value compared to having such experiences of violence. Also, problem-solving skills [\u03b2 (CI 95%):0.13 (0.11; 0.14)] and perception of social support [\u03b2 (CI 95%): 0.03 (0.02, 0.03)] is positively associated with mean value of happiness.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: there is an association between dating violence victimisation, and happiness among adolescents in Europe. The results suggest the importance of creating healthy, non-violent romantic relationships to build happiness during adolescence, the importance of seeking social support and to provide educational interventions focused on the development of problem-solving skills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-022-00564-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T15:02:55Z","timestamp":1662390175000},"page":"3693-3712","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Will You Make Me Happy? The Role of Dating and Dating Violence Victimisation in Happiness Among Adolescents in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3454-7894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Jaskulska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Jankowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bel\u00e9n","family":"Sanz-Barbero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karen","family":"De Claire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Bowes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Estef\u00e2nia","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Albaladejo-Bl\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Py\u017calski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Waszy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Chmura-Rutkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Vives-Cases","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"564_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-018-9981-4","volume":"33","author":"ED Beatriz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beatriz, E. D., Lincoln, A. K., Alder, J., Daley, N., Simmons, F., Figueroa, C., & Molnar, B. E. (2018). Evaluation of a teen dating violence prevention intervention among rrban middle-school youth using youth participatory action research: Lessons learned from Start Strong Boston. J Fam Violence, 33, 563\u2013578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10896-018-9981-4","journal-title":"J Fam Violence"},{"key":"564_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/fare.12341","volume":"67","author":"J Beckmeyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beckmeyer, J., Coleman, M., & Proulx, C. (2018). Perceived romantic relationship quality: Associations with adolescents\u2019 depressive symptoms and externalizing behaviour. Family Relations, 67, 539\u2013551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/fare.12341","journal-title":"Family Relations"},{"key":"564_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-018-1108-2","volume":"27","author":"J Beckmeyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beckmeyer, J., & Malacane, M. (2018). Patterns of adolescents\u2019 romantic activities: Associations with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27, 2394\u20132403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-018-1108-2","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"564_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benson, P., Scales, P., Hamilton, S., & Sesma, A. (2007). Positive youth development: Theory, research, and applications. In W. Damon (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology. Wiley. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470147658.chpsy0116","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470147658.chpsy0116"},{"issue":"1","key":"564_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2010.01248.x","volume":"17","author":"SR Braithwaite","year":"2010","unstructured":"Braithwaite, S. R., Delevi, R., & Fincham, F. D. (2010). Romantic relationships and the physical and mental health of college students. Personal Relationships, 17(1), 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-6811.2010.01248.x","journal-title":"Personal Relationships"},{"key":"564_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooks-Russell, A., Foshee, V. A., & Luz McNaughton Reyes, H. (2015). Dating Violence. In T. P. Gullotta, R. W. Plant, & M. A. Evans (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Behavioural Problems: Evidence-Based (pp. 559\u2013576). Springer Science and Business Media","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7497-6_29"},{"issue":"1","key":"564_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1532-7795.1301001","volume":"13","author":"WA Collins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Collins, W. A. (2003). More than Myth: The Developmental Significance of Romantic Relationships During Adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13(1), 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1532-7795.1301001","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"564_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.46.020195.001405","volume":"46","author":"BE Compas","year":"1995","unstructured":"Compas, B. E., Hinden, B. R., & Gerhardt, C. A. (1995). Adolescent development: Pathways and processes of risk and resilience. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 265\u2013293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ps.46.020195.001405","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"key":"564_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-007-9051-8","volume":"9","author":"M Demir","year":"2008","unstructured":"Demir, M. (2008). Sweetheart, you really make me happy: Romantic relationship quality and personality as predictors of happiness among emerging adults. Journal Of Happiness Studies, 9, 257\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-007-9051-8","journal-title":"Journal Of Happiness Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"564_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.34","volume":"55","author":"E Diener","year":"2000","unstructured":"Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.34","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"issue":"1","key":"564_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x","volume":"3","author":"E Diener","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diener, E., & Chan, M. (2011). Happy people live longer: Subjective well-being contributes to health and longevity. Appl Psychol Health Well-being, 3(1), 1\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Health Well-being"},{"key":"564_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1177\/1059840509334364","volume":"25","author":"E Dresler-Hawke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dresler-Hawke, E., & Whitehead, D. (2009). The behavioral ecological model as a framework for school-based anti-bullying health promotion interventions. Journal Of School Nursing, 25, 195\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1059840509334364","journal-title":"Journal Of School Nursing"},{"key":"564_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(98)00029-4","volume":"25","author":"TJ D\u2019Zurilla","year":"1998","unstructured":"D\u2019Zurilla, T. J., Maydeu, O. A., & Kant, G. L. (1998). Age and gender differences in social problem solving in college students, middle age and elderly adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 241\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0191-8869(98)00029-4","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"issue":"4","key":"564_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022882131610","volume":"14","author":"MM Feerick","year":"1999","unstructured":"Feerick, M. M., & Haugaard, J. J. (1999). Long-term effects of witnessing marital violence for women: The contribution of childhood physical and sexual abuse. Journal of Family Violence, 14(4), 377\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1022882131610","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"564_CR19","first-page":"107","volume":"3","author":"J Finkelstein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Finkelstein, J., & Yates, J. K. (2001). Traumatic symptomatology in children who witness marital violence. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 3(2), 107\u2013114","journal-title":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"564_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.88.1.158","volume":"88","author":"F Fujita","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fujita, F., & Diener, E. (2005). Life Satisfaction Set Point: Stability and Change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(1), 158\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.88.1.158","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"564_CR22","unstructured":"Furman, W., & Shaffer, L. (2003). The role of romantic relationships in adolescent development. In P. Florsheim (Ed.), Adolescent romantic relations and sexual behaviour: Theory, research and practical implications (pp. 3\u201322). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers"},{"key":"564_CR23","unstructured":"Furman, W., & Hand, L. S. (2006). The Slippery Nature of Romantic Relationships: Issues in Definition and Differentiation. In A. C. Crouter, & A. Booth (Eds.), Romance and sex in adolescence and emerging adulthood: Risks and opportunities (pp. 171\u2013178). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers"},{"key":"564_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12712","volume":"89","author":"WC Furman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Furman, W. C., & Collibee, C. (2018). The past is present: Representations of parents, friends, and romantic partners predict subsequent romantic representations. Child Development, 89, 188\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12712","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"564_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016918","volume":"79","author":"J Hefner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hefner, J., & Eisenberg, D. (2009). Social support and mental health among college students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 79(4), 491\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0016918","journal-title":"American Journal of Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"564_CR26","unstructured":"Giordano, P. C., Manning, W. D., & Longmore, M. A. (2006). Adolescent romantic relationships: An emerging portrait of their nature and developmental significance. In A. Booth, & A. C. Crouter (Eds.), Romance and Sex in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: Risks and Opportunities. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates"},{"issue":"3","key":"564_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.3.491","volume":"70","author":"P Glick","year":"1996","unstructured":"Glick, P., & Fiske, S. (1996). The ambivalent sexism inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. J Pers Soc Psychol, 70(3), 491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.70.3.491","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"564_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-016-9717-1","volume":"18","author":"M Gonz\u00e1lez-Carrasco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Carrasco, M., Casas, F., Malo, S., Vi\u00f1as, F., & Dinisman, T. (2017). Changes with Age in Subjective Well-Being Through the Adolescent Years: Differences by Gender. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18, 63\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-016-9717-1","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"564_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2008.36.2.145","volume":"36","author":"R Jankauskiene","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jankauskiene, R., Kardelis, K., Sukys, S., & Kardeliene, L. (2008). Associations between school bullying and psychosocial factors. Social Behaviour and Personality: An International Journal, 36(2), 145\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2224\/sbp.2008.36.2.145","journal-title":"Social Behaviour and Personality: An International Journal"},{"key":"564_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8935","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17238935","volume":"17","author":"B Jankowiak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jankowiak, B., Jaskulska, S., Sanz Barbero, B., Ayala, A., Py\u017calski, J., Bowes, N., De Claire, K., Neves, S., Topa, J., Rodriguez Blazquez, C., Carmen Dav\u00f3-Blanes, M., Rosati, N., Cinque, M., Mocanu, V., Ioan, B., Chmura-Rutkowska, I., Waszy\u0144ska, K., & Vives-Cases, C. (2020). The role of school social support and school social climate in dating violence prevention among adolescents in Europe. Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 8935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17238935","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"564_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11620","DOI":"10.3390\/su132111620","volume":"13","author":"B Jankowiak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jankowiak, B., Jaskulska, S., Sanz-Barbero, B., Waszy\u0144ska, K., Claire, K. D., Bowes, N., Silva, E., Neves, S., Albaladejo-Bl\u00e1zquez, N., Py\u017calski, J., Chmura-Rutkowska, I., & Vives-Cases, C. (2021). Will I Like Myself If You Hurt Me? Experiences of Violence and Adolescents\u2019 Self-Esteem. Sustainability, 13, 11620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su132111620","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"564_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2307\/2676292","volume":"41","author":"K Joyner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Joyner, K., & Udry, J. R. (2000). You don\u2019t bring me anything but down: Adolescent romance and depression. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 369\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2676292","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"564_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karney, B. R., Beckett, M. K., Collins, R. L., & Shaw, R. (2007). Adolescent romantic relationships as precursors of healthy adult marriages. A review of theory, research, and programs. RAND Corporation","DOI":"10.7249\/TR488"},{"key":"564_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/pits.10004","volume":"39","author":"CK Malecki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Malecki, C. K., & Demary, M. K. (2002). Measuring perceived social support: Development of the child and adolescent social support scale (CASSS). Psychology In The Schools, 39, 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pits.10004","journal-title":"Psychology In The Schools"},{"issue":"2","key":"564_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/18374905.2014.11081888","volume":"12","author":"M Lambert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lambert, M., Fleming, T., & Ameratunga, S. (2014). Looking on the bright side: An assessment of factors associated with adolescents\u2019 happiness. Advances in Mental Health, 12(2), 101\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/18374905.2014.11081888","journal-title":"Advances in Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"564_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2010.00792.x","volume":"25","author":"S Lepist\u00f6","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lepist\u00f6, S., Luukkaala, T., & Paavilainen, E. (2011). Witnessing and experiencing domestic violence: A descriptive study of adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 25(1), 70\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2010.00792.x","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"key":"564_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006824100041","volume":"46","author":"S Lyubomirsky","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1006824100041","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"key":"564_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0021-843X.108.4.606","volume":"108","author":"SM Monroe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Monroe, S. M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J. R., & Lewinsohn, P. M. (1999). Life events and depression in adolescence: Relationship loss as a prospective risk factor for first onset of major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 606\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/\/0021-843X.108.4.606","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"564_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v7.i1.60","volume":"7","author":"SE Moore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moore, S. E., Norman, R. E., Suetani, S., Thomas, H. J., Sly, P. D., & Scott, J. G. (2017). Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Psychiatry, 7, 60\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v7.i1.60","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"564_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-013-9292-0","volume":"10","author":"R Navarro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Navarro, R., Ruiz-Oliva, R., Larra\u00f1aga, E., & Yubero, S. (2015). The impact of cyberbullying and social bullying on optimism, global and school-related happiness and life satisfaction among 10-12-year-old schoolchildren. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 10(1), 15\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11482-013-9292-0","journal-title":"Applied Research in Quality of Life"},{"key":"564_CR41","unstructured":"Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (1987). Development through Life: A Psychosocial Approach. Brooks\/Cole Publishing Company"},{"key":"564_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-016-0099-7","author":"S Neves","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neves, S., Cameira, M., Machado, M., Duarte, V., & Machado, F. (2016). Beliefs on Marital Violence and Self-Reported Dating Violence: A Comparative Study of Cape Verdean and Portuguese Adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40653-016-0099-7","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"564_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.05.018","volume":"58","author":"JS Olson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olson, J. S., & Crosnoe, R. (2017). Are you still bringing me down? Romantic involvement and depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood. Journal Of Health And Social Behavior, 58(1), 102\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2009.05.018","journal-title":"Journal Of Health And Social Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"564_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716203260078","volume":"591","author":"N Park","year":"2004","unstructured":"Park, N. (2004). The Role of Subjective Wellbeing in Positive Youth Development. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 25\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002716203260078","journal-title":"The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"564_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.09.007","volume":"68","author":"V P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2020","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez, V., Sanz-Barbero, B., Ferrer-Cascales, R., Bowes, N., Ayala, A., S\u00e1nchez-SanSegundo, M., Albaladejo-Bl\u00e1zquez, N., Rosati, N., Neves, S., Pereira Vieira, C., Jankowiak, B., Waszynska, K., & Vives-Cases, C. (2020). The Role of Social Support in Machismo and Acceptance of Violence Among Adolescents in Europe. Lights4Violence Baseline Results. Journal of Adolescent Health, 68(5), 922\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.09.007","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"564_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.08.008","volume":"57","author":"A Peterman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peterman, A., Bleck, J., & Palermo, T. (2015). Age and intimate partner violence: An analysis of global trends among women experiencing victimization in 30 developing countries. Journal Of Adolescent Health, 57(6), 624\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.08.008","journal-title":"Journal Of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"564_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-014-9309-3","volume":"10","author":"A Pierewan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pierewan, A., & Tampubolon, G. (2015). Happiness and Health in Europe: A Multivariate Multilevel Model. Applied Research Quality Life, 10, 237\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11482-014-9309-3","journal-title":"Applied Research Quality Life"},{"key":"564_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-008-9110-9","volume":"10","author":"C Proctor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Proctor, C., Linley, P., & Maltby, J. (2009). Youth Life Satisfaction: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Happiness Studies, 10, 583\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-008-9110-9","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Studies"},{"key":"564_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/13632752.2012.704319","volume":"17","author":"J Py\u017calski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Py\u017calski, J. (2012). From cyberbullying to electronic aggression: Typology of the phenomenon. Emot Behav Diffic, 17, 305\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13632752.2012.704319","journal-title":"Emot Behav Diffic"},{"key":"564_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-012-9864-6","volume":"42","author":"HLM Reyes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reyes, H. L. M., & Foshee, V. (2013). Sexual dating aggression across grades 8 through 12: Timing and predictors of onset. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 581\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-012-9864-6","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"issue":"2","key":"564_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13135","volume":"90","author":"S Savahl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Savahl, S., Montserrat, C., Casas, F., Adams, S., Tiliouine, H., Benninger, E., et al. (2019). Children\u2019s experiences of bullying victimization and the influence on their subjective well-being: A multinational comparison. Child Development, 90(2), 414\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.13135","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"564_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007532718917","volume":"15","author":"N Shook","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shook, N., Gerrity, D., Jurich, J., & Segrist, A. (2000). Courtship violence among college students: A comparison of verbally and physically abusive couples. J Fam Violence, 15(1), 1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1007532718917","journal-title":"J Fam Violence"},{"issue":"4","key":"564_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1086\/339225","volume":"107","author":"RW Simon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Simon, R. W. (2002). Revisiting the Relationships among Gender, Marital Status, and Mental Health. American Journal of Sociology, 107(4), 1065\u20131096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/339225","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"13","key":"564_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512436387","volume":"27","author":"LG Simons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Simons, L. G., Simons, R. L., Lei, M. K., Hancock, D. L., & Fincham, F. D. (2012). Parental Warmth Amplifies the Negative Effect of Parental Hostility on Dating Violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(13), 2603\u20132626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260512436387","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"564_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3102_07","volume":"31","author":"SH Spence","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spence, S. H., Sheffield, J., & Donovan, C. (2002). Problem-solving orientation and attributional style: Moderators of the impact of negative life events on the development of depressive symptoms in adolescence? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31, 219\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3102_07","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"564_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20862","volume":"68","author":"LR Starr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Starr, L. R., Davila, J., Stroud, C. B., Li, P. C. C., Yoneda, A., Hershenberg, R., & Miller, M. R. (2012). Love hurts (in more ways than one): Specificity of psychological symptoms as predictors and consequences of romantic activity among early adolescent girls. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68, 403\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.20862","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"564_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-044150","volume":"40","author":"A Steptoe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steptoe, A. (2019). Happiness and Health. Annual Review of Public Health, 40, 339\u2013359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040218-044150","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"key":"564_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490309552162","volume":"40","author":"DL Tolman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tolman, D. L., Striepe, M. I., & Harmon, T. (2003). Gender matters: Constructing a model of adolescent sexual health. The Journal of Sex Research, 40, 4\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00224490309552162","journal-title":"The Journal of Sex Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"564_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2014.56064","volume":"5","author":"L Uusitalo-Malmivaara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uusitalo-Malmivaara, L. (2014). Happiness decreases during early adolescence\u2014A study on 12- and 15-year-old Finnish students. Psychology, 5(6), 541\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/psych.2014.56064","journal-title":"Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"564_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.2307\/1519794","volume":"44","author":"K Williams","year":"2003","unstructured":"Williams, K. (2003). Has the Future of Marriage Arrived? A Contemporary Examination of Gender, Marriage, and Psychological Well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44(4), 470\u2013487","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"564_CR62","first-page":"82","volume":"4","author":"T Wilson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilson, T., & Maloney, M. (2019). Dating Violence in Adolescent Relationships. Int J Whole Child, 4, 82\u201387","journal-title":"Int J Whole Child"},{"key":"564_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6726-0","volume":"19","author":"C Vives-Cases","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vives-Cases, C., Dav\u00f3-Blanes, M. C., Ferrer-Cascales, R., Sanz-Barbero, B., Albaladejo-Bl\u00e1zquez, N., S\u00e1nchez-San Segundo, M., & Carausu, E. M. (2019). Lights4Violence: A quasi-experimental educational intervention in six European countries to promote positive relationships among adolescents. Bmc Public Health, 19, 389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-6726-0","journal-title":"Bmc Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"564_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph1804141","volume":"18","author":"C Vives-Cases","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vives-Cases, C., Sanz-Barbero, B., Ayala, A., P\u00e9rez-Mart\u00ednez, V., S\u00e1nchez-Sansegundo, M., Jaskulska, S., Neves, S., Forjaz, M., Py\u017calski, J., Bowes, N., Costa, D., Waszy\u0144ska, K., Jankowiak, B., Mocanu, V., & Dav\u00f3-Blanes, M. C. (2021). Dating Violence Victimization among Adolescents in Europe: Baseline Results from the Lights4Violence Project. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph1804141","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Happiness Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10902-022-00564-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10902-022-00564-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10902-022-00564-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T15:13:22Z","timestamp":1668266002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10902-022-00564-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-022-00564-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-4978","1573-7780"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-4978","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7780","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This manuscript has not been published previously and will not be submitted to any other journal while under consideration by the Journal of Happiness Studies. All authors have approved the final manuscript. We declare no conflict of interest. The paper has been professionally proofread.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest\/Competing interests; Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"Data was collected by project partners based at universities in various countries and all the information gathered by the project partners and beneficiaries was confidential. Participation was voluntary. Each partner was required to obtain the permission of their own ethics committees along with a signed informed consent document from the school, headteachers, parents, and students. Participants created a unique participant code for themselves at the first data collection point. In cases in which a student reported having been abused by an adult, each country used its own protocol to inform the school. Due to the anonymity of participants responding to the questionnaire, it was impossible to identify the victims. However, it was possible to inform the school about the number of student reports of abuse. Each school was responsible for following the respective protocol to intervene. The Lights4Violence project protocol was approved by the ethical committee of the University of Alicante, the University Institute of Maia, Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Grigore T. Popa, and Adam Mickiewicz University. Waivers were obtained from the Libera Universita Maria SS. Assunta of Rome and Cardiff Metropolitan University. These ethics approvals covered the individual schools where the intervention was performed. It was also registered in ClinicalTrials.gov by the coordinator (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03411564. Unique Protocol ID: 776,905. Date registered: 18 January 2018).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors whose names appear on the submission: 1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in the work; 2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content; 3) approved the version to be published; and 4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate; Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The final findings highlight the importance of creating healthy, non-violent romantic relationships for building happiness in adolescence as well as the need to develop educational interventions focused on the development of problem-solving skills and seeking social support.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Implications and Contribution"}}]}}