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However, being developed from renewable sources does not necessarily guarantee a better environmental profile for these materials, which justifies a detailed investigation of their environmental impacts. This paper presents a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of five recently developed bio-based UPR formulations comprising renewably sourced chemical compounds, namely fumaric acid, dimer fatty acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 1,3-propanediol, and isosorbide, as well as partially replacing styrene (50%) with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as reactive diluent, considering inventory data from literature and purpose-made processes. As a benchmark, a typical oil-based UPR composition was also considered. The bio-based UPRs show improved environmental performance in various categories (e.g., climate change total, ozone depletion), reducing environmental impacts up to 90%. On the other hand, worse environmental performance was found in acidification, eutrophication (freshwater, terrestrial), and renewable primary energy impact categories. The main contributors to the higher impacts of the bio-based UPRs were found to be 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 1,3-propanediol, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Fumaric acid and 1,3-propanediol have significant contributions to CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> sequestration. The single scores for the bio-based UPRs also show a reduction in impact ranging between 18 and 39% compared to the oil-based UPR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-025-03596-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T10:13:24Z","timestamp":1748513604000},"page":"3329-3347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Life Cycle Assessment of Novel Partially Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyester Resins"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"A. T.","family":"Shahid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. 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