{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T17:06:56Z","timestamp":1778000816369,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700611200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Occup Rehabil"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To evaluate benefits and harms of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic primary low back pain (CPLBP) in adults to inform a World Health Organization (WHO)\u00a0standard clinical guideline.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from various electronic databases from July 1, 2007 to March 9, 2022. Eligible RCTs targeted TENS compared to placebo\/sham, usual care, no intervention, or interventions with isolated TENS effects (i.e., combined TENS with treatment B versus treatment B alone) in adults with CPLBP. We extracted outcomes requested by the WHO Guideline Development Group, appraised the risk of bias, conducted meta-analyses where appropriate, and graded the certainty of evidence using GRADE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Seventeen RCTs (adults, n\u2009=\u20091027; adults\u2009\u2265\u200960 years, n\u2009=\u200928) out of 2010 records and 89 full text RCTs screened were included. The evidence suggested that TENS resulted in a marginal reduction in pain compared to sham (9 RCTs) in the immediate term (2 weeks) (mean difference (MD) = -0.90, 95% confidence interval \u2009-1.54 to -0.26), and a reduction in pain catastrophizing in the short term (3 months) with TENS versus no intervention or interventions with TENS specific effects (1 RCT) (MD = -11.20, 95% CI -17.88 to -3.52). For other outcomes, little or no difference was found between TENS and the comparison interventions. The certainty of the evidence for all outcomes was very low.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Based on very low certainty evidence, TENS resulted in brief and marginal reductions in pain (not deemed clinically important) and a short-term reduction in pain catastrophizing in adults with CPLBP, while little to no differences were found for other outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-023-10121-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T14:05:47Z","timestamp":1700661947000},"page":"651-660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Systematic Review to Inform a World Health Organization (WHO) Clinical Practice Guideline: Benefits and Harms of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for Chronic Primary Low Back Pain in Adults"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Leslie","family":"Verville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cesar A.","family":"Hincapi\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Southerst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hainan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Bussi\u00e8res","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silvano","family":"Mior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrea C.","family":"Tricco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Cedraschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ginny","family":"Brunton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margareta","family":"Nordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gaelan","family":"Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Heather M.","family":"Shearer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jessica J.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L\u00e9onie","family":"Hofstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Romanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Guist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"To","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Stuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"da Silva-Oolup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Stupar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Myrtos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joyce G.B.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"DeSouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mu\u00f1oz Laguna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kent","family":"Murnaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Cancelliere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10121_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200103000-00006","volume":"17","author":"A Wright","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wright A, Sluka KA. 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CC\u00a0(Carol Cancelliere), LV, DS, HY, GC, JJW, HMS report funding from the Canadian Chiropractic Guideline Initiative. ACT is funded by a Tier 2 Canada Research Chair in Knowledge Synthesis. JJW is funded by a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). CAH reports grants to the University of Zurich from the Foundation for the Education of Chiropractors in Switzerland, the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), and the European Centre for Chiropractic Research Excellence (ECCRE) outside the submitted work. SM reports grants from Canadian Chiropractic Association, Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation, and Canadian Institute of Health Research outside of submitted work. JJW reports grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation (paid to university), and travel reimbursement for research meetings from the Chiropractic Academy of Research Leadership outside the submitted work. JML reports a grant from the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) outside the submitted work.\u00a0AB reports grants from the Canadian Chiropractic Association, Canadian Chiropractic Research Foundation, and Health Canada outside the submitted work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}