{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T04:30:25Z","timestamp":1766377825743,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":461,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Cell Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with cytokine storm and is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia problems. The respiratory system is a place of inappropriate activation of the immune system in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), and this may cause damage to the lung and worsen both MS and infections.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The concerns for patients with multiple sclerosis are because of an enhance risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The MS patients pose challenges in this pandemic situation, because of the regulatory defect of autoreactivity of the immune system and neurological and respiratory tract symptoms. In this review, we first indicate respiratory issues associated with both diseases. Then, the main mechanisms inducing lung damages and also impairing the respiratory muscles in individuals with both diseases is discussed. At the end, the leading role of physical exercise on mitigating respiratory issues inducing mechanisms is meticulously evaluated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-022-04610-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T04:32:04Z","timestamp":1669091524000},"page":"1533-1559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Respiratory issues in patients with multiple sclerosis as a risk factor during SARS-CoV-2 infection: a potential role for exercise"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"478","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6364-7309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Razi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1498-949X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4653-5620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bakhtyar","family":"Tartibian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9293-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nastaran","family":"Zamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2412-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beat","family":"Knechtle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"4610_CR1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract","author":"A Person","year":"2006","unstructured":"Person A, Mintz ML (2006) Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract. Springer, Disorders of the respiratory tract, pp 11\u201315"},{"key":"4610_CR2","volume-title":"The respiratory system at a glance","author":"JP Ward","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ward JP, Ward J, Leach RM (2010) The respiratory system at a glance. John Wiley & Sons"},{"key":"4610_CR3","volume-title":"Ross & Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness E-book","author":"A Waugh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waugh A, Grant A (2014) Ross & Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness E-book. Elsevier health sciences, Amsterdam"},{"key":"4610_CR4","first-page":"15","volume-title":"Respiratory anatomy and physiology","author":"N Credland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Credland N (2016) Respiratory anatomy and physiology. Routledge, Respiratory care, pp 15\u201328"},{"key":"4610_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10010139","volume":"10","author":"B Buyse","year":"1997","unstructured":"Buyse B, Demedts M, Meekers J, Vandegaer L, Rochette F, Kerkhofs L (1997) Respiratory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: a prospective analysis of 60 patients. Eur Respir J 10:139\u2013145","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"4610_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520350083020","volume":"45","author":"SC Smeltzer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Smeltzer SC, Utell MJ, Rudick RA, Herndon RM (1988) Pulmonary function and dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 45:1245\u20131249","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"4610_CR7","first-page":"49","volume":"20","author":"O Ronsen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ronsen O (2005) Prevention and management of respiratory tract infections in athletes. New Stud Athl 20:49","journal-title":"New Stud Athl"},{"key":"4610_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30628-0","volume":"395","author":"P Mehta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ (2020) COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet 395:1033\u20131034","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4610_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2620","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137244","volume":"130","author":"G Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, Cao Y, Huang D, Wang H, Wang T, Zhang X, Chen H, Yu H (2020) Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Clin Investig 130:2620\u20132629","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"4610_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859800400104","volume":"4","author":"H Link","year":"1998","unstructured":"Link H (1998) The cytokine storm in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J 4:12\u201315","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00346-0","volume":"118","author":"J Killestein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Killestein J, Rep MH, Barkhof F, Roos MT, Ad\u00e8r HJ, van Lier RA, Polman CH (2001) Active MRI lesion appearance in MS patients is preceded by fluctuations in circulating T-helper 1 and 2 cells. J Neuroimmunol 118:286\u2013294","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"4610_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1267","volume":"11","author":"K Kuba","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kuba K, Imai Y, Rao S, Gao H, Guo F, Guan B, Huan Y, Yang P, Zhang Y, Deng W (2005) A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus\u2013induced lung injury. Nat Med 11:875\u2013879","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"4610_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508097923","volume":"15","author":"M Kawajiri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kawajiri M, Mogi M, Higaki N, Matsuoka T, Ohyagi Y, Tsukuda K, Kohara K, Horiuchi M, Miki T, Kira J (2009) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J 15:262\u2013265","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2006.00520.x","volume":"16","author":"BK Pedersen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pedersen BK, Saltin B (2006) Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease. Scand J Med Sci Sports 16:3\u201363","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"4610_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25681","volume":"92","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Y, Liu Q, Guo D (2020) Emerging coronaviruses: genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J Med Virol 92:418\u2013423","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"4610_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-20-0382","volume":"161","author":"BH Maleki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maleki BH, Tartibian B (2021) COVID-19 and male reproductive function: a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Reproduction 161:319\u2013331","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"4610_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_763_20","volume":"9","author":"B Rahimi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahimi B, Vesal A, Edalatifard M (2020) Coronavirus and Its effect on the respiratory system: is there any association between pneumonia and immune cells. J Fam Med Prim Care 9:4729","journal-title":"J Fam Med Prim Care"},{"key":"4610_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5","volume":"395","author":"C Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 395:497\u2013506","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"4610_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","volume":"395","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y (2020) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet 395:507\u2013513","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4610_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.04.007","volume":"58","author":"C Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y et al (2020) Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: JAMA intern med. J Emerg Med 58:713","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"4610_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2008-3","volume":"579","author":"F Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu F, Zhao S, Yu B, Chen YM, Wang W, Song ZG, Hu Y, Tao ZW, Tian JH, Pei YY (2020) A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China. Nature 579:265\u2013269","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4610_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.4.9704088","volume":"157","author":"MD Zilberberg","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zilberberg MD, Epstein SK (1998) Acute lung injury in the medical ICU: comorbid conditions, age, etiology, and hospital outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:1159\u20131164","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2003.16","volume":"125","author":"B Krishnadasan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Krishnadasan B, Naidu BV, Byrne K, Fraga C, Verrier ED, Mulligan MS (2003) The role of proinflammatory cytokines in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 125:261\u2013272","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"4610_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314515","volume":"40","author":"SB Brosnahan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brosnahan SB, Jonkman AH, Kugler MC, Munger JS, Kaufman DA (2020) COVID-19 and respiratory system disorders: current knowledge, future clinical and translational research questions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 40:2586\u20132597","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0","author":"X Zou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zou X, Chen K, Zou J, Han P, Hao J, Han Z (2020) Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Front med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11684-020-0754-0","journal-title":"Front med"},{"key":"4610_CR26","first-page":"1843","volume":"323","author":"W Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, Lu R, Han K, Wu G, Tan W (2020) Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA 323:1843\u20131844","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4610_CR27","volume-title":"Medical reports and case studies","author":"A Biscardi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biscardi A (2020) Coronavirus impacts on respiratory system and its phases. In: Biscardi A (ed) Medical reports and case studies. Bologna, Italy"},{"key":"4610_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-0530-3","author":"S Yufang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yufang S, Ying W, Changsun S (2020) COVID-19 infection: the perspective on immune response. Cell Death Differ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-020-0530-3","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"4610_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.07.001","author":"MA Chowdhury","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chowdhury MA, Hossain N, Kashem MA, Shahid MA, Alam A (2020) Immune response in COVID-19: a review. J Infect Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.07.001","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"4610_CR30","first-page":"E005","volume":"36","author":"C Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen C, Zhang X, Ju Z, He W (2020) Research progress on the mechanism of cytokine storm induced by new coronavirus pneumonia and related immunotherapy [J\/OL]. Chinese J Burns 36:E005","journal-title":"Chinese J Burns"},{"issue":"15","key":"4610_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248","volume":"71","author":"Z QinC","year":"2020","unstructured":"QinC Z (2020) Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan China. Clin Infect Dis 71(15):762\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa248","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4610_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1159\/000453066","volume":"59","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Y, Li H, Fan R, Wen B, Zhang J, Cao X, Wang C, Song Z, Li S, Li X (2016) Coronavirus infections in the central nervous system and respiratory tract show distinct features in hospitalized children. Intervirology 59:163\u2013169","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"4610_CR33","volume-title":"Fatigue: biomedicine health &amp; behavior","author":"M Sorenson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sorenson M, Furst J, Mathews H, Jason LA (2017) Dysregulation of cytokine pathways in chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple sclerosis. In: Sorenson M (ed) Fatigue: biomedicine health & behavior"},{"key":"4610_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1177\/135245850100700302","volume":"7","author":"J Killestein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Killestein J, Den Drijver B, Van der Graaff W, Uitdehaag BM, Polman C, Van Lier RA (2001) Intracellular cytokine profile in T-cell subsets of multiple sclerosis patients: different features in primary progressive disease. Mult Scler J 7:145\u2013150","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1160\/TH07-11-0666","volume":"99","author":"M Wygrecka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wygrecka M, Jablonska E, Guenther A, Preissner KT, Markart P (2008) Current view on alveolar coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute inflammatory and chronic interstitial lung diseases. Thromb Haemost 99:494\u2013501","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"4610_CR36","first-page":"1649","volume":"354","author":"KJ Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith KJ, McDonald W (1999) The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis\u22ee the mechanisms underlying the production of symptoms and the natural history of the disease. Philosophical transactions of the royal society of London. Series B 354:1649\u20131673","journal-title":"Series B"},{"key":"4610_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458504ms991oa","volume":"10","author":"P Flachenecker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Flachenecker P, Bihler I, Weber F, Gottschalk M, Toyka KV, Rieckmann P (2004) Cytokine mRNA expression in patients with multiple sclerosis and fatigue. Mult Scler J 10:165\u2013169","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7264","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00737-08","volume":"82","author":"J Netland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Netland J, Meyerholz DK, Moore S, Cassell M, Perlman S (2008) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2. J Virol 82:7264\u20137275","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"4610_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061088","volume":"170","author":"J Gu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gu J, Korteweg C (2007) Pathology and pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Pathol 170:1136\u20131147","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"4610_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.04.044","volume":"437","author":"X-Y Mao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mao X-Y, Jin W-L (2020) The COVID-19 pandemic: consideration for brain infection. Neuroscience 437:130","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"4610_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25824","volume":"92","author":"YC Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li YC, Bai WZ, Hashikawa T (2020) Response to commentary on \u201cthe neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID19 patients.\u201d J Med Virol 92(7):707\u2013709","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"4610_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/v12010014","volume":"12","author":"M Desforges","year":"2020","unstructured":"Desforges M, Le Coupanec A, Dubeau P, Bourgouin A, Lajoie L, Dub\u00e9 M, Talbot PJ (2020) Human coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses: underestimated opportunistic pathogens of the central nervous system? Viruses 12:14","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"4610_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11337","volume":"488","author":"F Odoardi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Odoardi F, Sie C, Streyl K, Ulaganathan VK, Schl\u00e4ger C, Lodygin D, Heckelsmiller K, Nietfeld W, Ellwart J, Klinkert WE (2012) T cells become licensed in the lung to enter the central nervous system. Nature 488:675\u2013679","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4610_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00520","volume":"6","author":"AJ Steelman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steelman AJ (2015) Infection as an environmental trigger of multiple sclerosis disease exacerbation. Front Immunol 6:520","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122","volume":"11","author":"AM Baig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H (2020) Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host\u2013virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 11:995\u2013998","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4610_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25728","volume":"92","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Bai W, Hashikawa T (2020) The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may be at least partially responsible for the respiratory failure of patients with COVID-19. J Med Virol 92(6):552\u2013555","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"4610_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2012.00900.x","volume":"13","author":"M Mogi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mogi M, Horiuchi M (2013) Effect of angiotensin II type 2 receptor on stroke, cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. Geriatr Gerontol Int 13:13\u201318","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"4610_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2007.040048","volume":"93","author":"Y Imai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Imai Y, Kuba K, Penninger JM (2008) The discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its role in acute lung injury in mice. Exp Physiol 93:543\u2013548","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.04.020","volume":"14","author":"I Astuti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Astuti I (2020) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): an overview of viral structure and host response. Diabetes Metab Syndr 14:407\u2013412","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"4610_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2020.03.005","volume":"24","author":"MA Shereen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shereen MA, Khan S, Kazmi A, Bashir N, Siddique R (2020) COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. J Adv Res 24:91\u201398","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"4610_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0868-6","volume":"26","author":"W Sungnak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sungnak W, Huang N, B\u00e9cavin C, Berg M, Queen R, Litvinukova M, Talavera-L\u00f3pez C, Maatz H, Reichart D, Sampaziotis F (2020) SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes. Nat Med 26:681\u2013687","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"4610_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25685","volume":"92","author":"G Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li G, Fan Y, Lai Y, Han T, Li Z, Zhou P, Pan P, Wang W, Hu D, Liu X (2020) Coronavirus infections and immune responses. J Med Virol 92:424\u2013432","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"4610_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00607-2020","author":"RJ Mason","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mason RJ (2020) Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective. Eur Respir J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00607-2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"4610_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.054460","volume":"51","author":"NLS Tang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tang NLS, Chan PKS, Wong CK, To KF, Wu AKL, Sung YM, Hui DSC, Sung JJY, Lam CWK (2005) Early enhanced expression of interferon-inducible protein-10 (CXCL-10) and other chemokines predicts adverse outcome in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Chem 51:2333\u20132340","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"4610_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa644","volume":"71","author":"JFW Chan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chan JFW, Zhang AJ, Yuan S, Poon VKM, Chan CCS, Lee ACY, Chan WM, Fan Z, Tsoi HW, Wen L (2020) Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility. Clin Infect Dis 71:2428\u20132446","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4610_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases4030026","volume":"4","author":"YX Lim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lim YX, Ng YL, Tam JP, Liu DX (2016) Human coronaviruses: a review of virus\u2013host interactions. Diseases 4:26","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"key":"4610_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2003.08.019","volume":"127","author":"BV Naidu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Naidu BV, Woolley SM, Farivar AS, Thomas R, Fraga CH, Goss CH, Mulligan MS (2004) Early tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 release from the pulmonary macrophage in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 127:1502\u20131508","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"4610_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10098","volume":"57","author":"WD Splettstoesser","year":"2002","unstructured":"Splettstoesser WD, Schuff-Werner P (2002) Oxidative stress in phagocytes\u2014\u201cthe enemy within.\u201d Microsc Res Tech 57:441\u2013455","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"4610_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42728","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M103074200","volume":"276","author":"NS Chandel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chandel NS, Schumacker PT, Arch RH (2001) Reactive oxygen species are downstream products of TRAF-mediated signal transduction. J Biol Chem 276:42728\u201342736","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4610_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.6.2320-2330.2005","volume":"25","author":"J-M Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li J-M, Fan LM, Christie MR, Shah AM (2005) Acute tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling via NADPH oxidase in microvascular endothelial cells: role of p47phox phosphorylation and binding to TRAF4. Mol Cell Biol 25:2320\u20132330","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9061383","volume":"9","author":"B Tomar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tomar B, Anders H-J, Desai J, Mulay SR (2020) Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps drive necroinflammation in COVID-19. Cells 9:1383","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4610_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00015607","volume":"31","author":"R Mussi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mussi R, Camargo E, Ferreira T, De Moraes C, Delbin M, Toro I, Brancher S, Landucci E, Zanesco A, Antunes E (2008) Exercise training reduces pulmonary ischaemia\u2013reperfusion-induced inflammatory responses. Eur Respir J 31:645\u2013649","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"4610_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200207-670SO","volume":"167","author":"M De Perrot","year":"2003","unstructured":"De Perrot M, Liu M, Waddell TK, Keshavjee S (2003) Ischemia\u2013reperfusion\u2013induced lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167:490\u2013511","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0108OC","volume":"45","author":"J Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang J, Nikrad MP, Phang T, Gao B, Alford T, Ito Y, Edeen K, Travanty EA, Kosmider B, Hartshorn K (2011) Innate immune response to influenza A virus in differentiated human alveolar type II cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 45:582\u2013591","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.00093001","volume":"18","author":"M Chilvers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chilvers M, McKean M, Rutman A, Myint B, Silverman M, O\u2019Callaghan C (2001) The effects of coronavirus on human nasal ciliated respiratory epithelium. Eur Respir J 18:965\u2013970","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"4610_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6989.1225","volume":"310","author":"SL Johnston","year":"1995","unstructured":"Johnston SL, Pattemore PK, Sanderson G, Smith S, Lampe F, Josephs L, Symington P, O\u2019Toole S, Myint SH, Tyrrell DA (1995) Community study of role of viral infections in exacerbations of asthma in 9\u201311 year old children. BMJ 310:1225\u20131229","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4610_CR67","first-page":"355","volume":"128","author":"M Pedersen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Pedersen M, Sakakura Y, Winther B, Brofeldt S, Mygind N (1983) Nasal mucociliary transport, number of ciliated cells, and beating pattern in naturally acquired common colds. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 128:355\u2013365","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis Suppl"},{"key":"4610_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949210101204","volume":"101","author":"M Rautiainen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rautiainen M, Kiukaanniemi H, Nuutinen J, Collan Y (1992) Ultrastructural changes in human nasal cilia caused by the common cold and recovery of ciliated epithelium. Ann Otolo Rhinol Laryngol 101:982\u2013987","journal-title":"Ann Otolo Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"4610_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E156","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020201491","volume":"296","author":"HX Bai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bai HX, Wang R, Xiong Z, Hsieh B, Chang K, Halsey K, Tran TML, Choi JW, Wang D-C, Shi L-B (2020) Artificial intelligence augmentation of radiologist performance in distinguishing COVID-19 from pneumonia of other origin at chest CT. Radiology 296:E156\u2013E165","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4610_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2020.04.007","volume":"220","author":"C Magro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magro C, Mulvey JJ, Berlin D, Nuovo G, Salvatore S, Harp J, Baxter-Stoltzfus A, Laurence J (2020) Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases. Transl Res 220:1\u201313","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"4610_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30937-5","volume":"395","author":"Z Varga","year":"2020","unstructured":"Varga Z, Flammer AJ, Steiger P, Haberecker M, Andermatt R, Zinkernagel AS, Mehra MR, Schuepbach RA, Ruschitzka F, Moch H (2020) Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19. Lancet 395:1417\u20131418","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4610_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.093245","volume":"126","author":"AJ Flammer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Flammer AJ, Anderson T, Celermajer DS, Creager MA, Deanfield J, Ganz P, Hamburg NM, L\u00fcscher TF, Shechter M, Taddei S (2012) The assessment of endothelial function: from research into clinical practice. Circulation 126:753\u2013767","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4610_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1570","volume":"203","author":"I Hamming","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hamming I, Timens W, Bulthuis M, Lely A, Gv N, van Goor H (2004) Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis. J Pathol 203:631\u2013637","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"4610_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20160517","volume":"214","author":"JD Glenn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Glenn JD, Smith MD, Xue P, Chan-Li Y, Collins S, Calabresi PA, Horton MR, Whartenby KA (2017) CNS-targeted autoimmunity leads to increased influenza mortality in mice. J Exp Med 214:297\u2013307","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"4610_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.783251","author":"O Razi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razi O, Tartibian B, Laher I, Govindasamy K, Zamani N, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Suzuki K, Zouhal H (2022) Multimodal benefits of exercise in patients with multiple sclerosis and COVID-19. Front Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2022.783251","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR76","first-page":"245","volume":"25","author":"O Razi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razi O, Parnow A, Rashidi I, Pakravan N, Nedaei SE, Motl RW (2022) Aerobic training improves blood-brain barrier and neuronal apoptosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Iran J Basic Med Sci 25:245","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7370-3","volume":"261","author":"S Jick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jick S, Li L, Falcone G, Vassilev Z, Wallander M-A (2014) Mortality of patients with multiple sclerosis: a cohort study in UK primary care. J Neurol 261:1508\u20131517","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"4610_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03668.x","volume":"19","author":"A Lalmohamed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lalmohamed A, Bazelier M, Van Staa T, Uitdehaag B, Leufkens H, De Boer A, De Vries F (2012) Causes of death in patients with multiple sclerosis and matched referent subjects: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Neurol 19:1007\u20131014","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"4610_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510379244","volume":"16","author":"ML Sumelahti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sumelahti ML, Hakama M, Elovaara I, Pukkala E (2010) Causes of death among patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J 16:1437\u20131442","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001718","volume":"85","author":"RA Marrie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marrie RA, Elliott L, Marriott J, Cossoy M, Blanchard J, Leung S, Yu N (2015) Effect of comorbidity on mortality in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 85:240\u2013247","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4610_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.4.1143","volume":"175","author":"BS Bender","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bender BS, Croghan T, Zhang L, Small P Jr (1992) Transgenic mice lacking class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted T cells have delayed viral clearance and increased mortality after influenza virus challenge. J Exp Med 175:1143\u20131145","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"4610_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1201.051237","volume":"12","author":"PG Thomas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomas PG, Keating R, Hulse-Post DJ, Doherty PC (2006) Cell-mediated protection in influenza infection. Emerg Infect Dis 12:48","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"4610_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5228","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.8.5228","volume":"179","author":"B Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu B, Bando Y, Xiao S, Yang K, Anderson AC, Kuchroo VK, Khoury SJ (2007) CD11b+ Ly-6Chi suppressive monocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 179:5228\u20135237","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2506","volume":"9","author":"DI Gabrilovich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gabrilovich DI, Nagaraj S (2009) Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 9:162\u2013174","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.2.977","volume":"179","author":"P Sinha","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sinha P, Clements VK, Bunt SK, Albelda SM, Ostrand-Rosenberg S (2007) Cross-talk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages subverts tumor immunity toward a type 2 response. J Immunol 179:977\u2013983","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000753","volume":"83","author":"RA Marrie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marrie RA, Elliott L, Marriott J, Cossoy M, Blanchard J, Tennakoon A, Yu N (2014) Dramatically changing rates and reasons for hospitalization in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 83:929\u2013937","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4610_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00139-7","volume":"159","author":"J De Keyser","year":"1998","unstructured":"De Keyser J, Zwanikken C, Boon M (1998) Effects of influenza vaccination and influenza illness on exacerbations in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 159:51\u201353","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12130","volume":"20","author":"S Montgomery","year":"2013","unstructured":"Montgomery S, Hillert J, Bahmanyar S (2013) Hospital admission due to infections in multiple sclerosis patients. Eur J Neurol 20:1153\u20131160","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"4610_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510394397","volume":"17","author":"M Oikonen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oikonen M, Laaksonen M, Aalto V, Ilonen J, Salonen R, Er\u00e4linna JP, Panelius M, Salmi A (2011) Temporal relationship between environmental influenza A and epstein-barr viral infections and high multiple sclerosis relapse occurrence. Mult Scler J 17:672\u2013680","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9051468","author":"Z Pavelek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pavelek Z, Angelucci F, Sou\u010dek O, Krejsek J, Sob\u00ed\u0161ek L, Kl\u00edmov\u00e1 B, \u0160arl\u00e1kov\u00e1 J, Hal\u00faskov\u00e1 S, Ku\u010da K, Vali\u0161 M (2020) Innate immune system and multiple sclerosis. Granulocyte numbers are reduced in patients affected by relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis during the remission phase. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9051468","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4610_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102382","volume":"110","author":"V Saferding","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saferding V, Bl\u00fcml S (2020) Innate immunity as the trigger of systemic autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 110:102382","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"4610_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000205","volume":"28","author":"SK Yadav","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yadav SK, Mindur JE, Ito K, Dhib-Jalbut S (2015) Advances in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol 28:206\u2013219","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"4610_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.2009.01147.x","volume":"32","author":"E Cadman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cadman E, Lawrence R (2010) Granulocytes: effector cells or immunomodulators in the immune response to helminth infection? Parasite Immunol 32:1\u201319","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14027","volume":"75","author":"S Eyerich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eyerich S, Metz M, Bossios A, Eyerich K (2020) New biological treatments for asthma and skin allergies. Allergy 75:546\u2013560","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"4610_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041419","volume":"201","author":"Y Ueda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ueda Y, Kondo M, Kelsoe G (2005) Inflammation and the reciprocal production of granulocytes and lymphocytes in bone marrow. J Exp Med 201:1771\u20131780","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4610_CR96","first-page":"296","volume":"15","author":"MR Javan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Javan MR, Aslani S, Zamani MR, Rostamnejad J, Asadi M, Farhoodi M, Nicknam MH (2016) Downregulation of immunosuppressive molecules, PD-1 and PD-L1 but not PD-L2, in the patients with multiple sclerosis. Iranian J Allergy, Asthma Immunol 15(4):296\u2013302","journal-title":"Iranian J Allergy, Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0771-9","volume":"17","author":"E Grebenciucova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grebenciucova E, Berger JR (2017) Immunosenescence: the role of aging in the predisposition to neuro-infectious complications arising from the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 17:1\u201310","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"4610_CR98","volume-title":"Neurolog\u00eda (English edition)","author":"AO Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez AO, Lavi\u00f1eta JC, Blanco TA (2022) Immunosenescence: the role of age in multiple sclerosis. In: Ostolaza Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez A (ed) Neurolog\u00eda (English edition). Navarra, Spain"},{"key":"4610_CR99","first-page":"S15","volume":"19","author":"MJ Tullman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tullman MJ (2013) Overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and disease progression associated with multiple sclerosis. Am J Manag Care 19:S15-20","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"4610_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.829331","author":"MC Buscarinu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Buscarinu MC, Reni\u00e8 R, Morena E, Romano C, Bellucci G, Marrone A, Bigi R, Salvetti M, Ristori G (2022) Late-onset MS: disease course and safety-efficacy of DMTS. Front Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.829331","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"4610_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100122","volume":"2","author":"V Appay","year":"2010","unstructured":"Appay V, Sauce D, Prelog M (2010) The role of the thymus in immunosenescence: lessons from the study of thymectomized individuals. Aging (Albany NY) 2:78","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"4610_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3502683","author":"H Algahtani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Algahtani H, Subahi A, Shirah B (2016) Neurological complications of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of two cases and review of the literature. Case rep neurol med 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/3502683","journal-title":"Case rep neurol med 2016"},{"key":"4610_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.6.736","volume":"64","author":"S Edwards","year":"1998","unstructured":"Edwards S, Zvartau M, Clarke H, Irving W, Blumhardt L (1998) Clinical relapses and disease activity on magnetic resonance imaging associated with viral upper respiratory tract infections in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 64:736\u2013741","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"4610_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90281-8","volume":"326","author":"S Narod","year":"1985","unstructured":"Narod S, Johnson-Lussenburg C, Zheng Q, Nelson R, Alperovitch A, Berr C, Sibley W (1985) Clinical viral infections and multiple sclerosis. Lancet (London, England) 326:165","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"4610_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00867354","volume":"240","author":"O Andersen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Andersen O, Lygner P-E, Bergstr\u00f6m T, Andersson M, Vablne A (1993) Viral infections trigger multiple sclerosis relapses: a prospective seroepidemiological study. J Neurol 240:417\u2013422","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"4610_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7403860","volume":"209","author":"JS Burks","year":"1980","unstructured":"Burks JS, DeVald B, Jankovsky LD, Gerdes JC (1980) Two coronaviruses isolated from central nervous system tissue of two multiple sclerosis patients. Science 209:933\u2013934","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4610_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071397","volume":"204","author":"K Hirota","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hirota K, Yoshitomi H, Hashimoto M, Maeda S, Teradaira S, Sugimoto N, Yamaguchi T, Nomura T, Ito H, Nakamura T (2007) Preferential recruitment of CCR6-expressing Th17 cells to inflamed joints via CCL20 in rheumatoid arthritis and its animal model. J Exp Med 204:2803\u20132812","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"4610_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/003693309504000207","volume":"40","author":"BE Souberbielle","year":"1995","unstructured":"Souberbielle BE, Szawlowski PW, Russell WC (1995) Is there a case for a virus aetiology in multiple sclerosis? Scott Med J 40:55\u201362","journal-title":"Scott Med J"},{"key":"4610_CR109","volume-title":"Loneliness and social isolation in older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic: implications for gerontological social work","author":"M Berg-Weger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berg-Weger M, Morley JE (2020) Loneliness and social isolation in older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic: implications for gerontological social work. Springer, Cham"},{"key":"4610_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12589","volume":"11","author":"JE Morley","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morley JE, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Anker SD (2020) COVID-19: a major cause of cachexia and sarcopenia? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 11:863\u2013865","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"4610_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0993-7","volume":"19","author":"G Hermans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hermans G, Van den Berghe G (2015) Clinical review: intensive care unit acquired weakness. Crit Care 19:1\u20139","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"4610_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.03.007","volume":"153","author":"LE Ferrante","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferrante LE, Pisani MA, Murphy TE, Gahbauer EA, Leo-Summers LS, Gill TM (2018) The association of frailty with post-ICU disability, nursing home admission, and mortality: a longitudinal study. Chest 153:1378\u20131386","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","volume":"395","author":"F Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X (2020) Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 395:1054\u20131062","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4610_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-1992-2","volume":"22","author":"M Dres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dres M, Demoule A (2018) Diaphragm dysfunction during weaning from mechanical ventilation: an underestimated phenomenon with clinical implications. Crit Care 22:1\u20138","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"4610_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2650-z","volume":"23","author":"M Dres","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dres M, Jung B, Molinari N, Manna F, Dub\u00e9 B-P, Chanques G, Similowski T, Jaber S, Demoule A (2019) Respective contribution of intensive care unit-acquired limb muscle and severe diaphragm weakness on weaning outcome and mortality: a post hoc analysis of two cohorts. Crit Care 23:1\u20139","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"4610_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0536OC","volume":"197","author":"EC Goligher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goligher EC, Dres M, Fan E, Rubenfeld GD, Scales DC, Herridge MS, Vorona S, Sklar MC, Rittayamai N, Lanys A (2018) Mechanical ventilation\u2013induced diaphragm atrophy strongly impacts clinical outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:204\u2013213","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-51908-1_24","volume":"2017","author":"A Jonkman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jonkman A, Jansen D, Heunks LM (2017) Novel insights in ICU-acquired respiratory muscle dysfunction: implications for clinical care. Ann Update Intensive Care Emerg Med 2017:291\u2013301","journal-title":"Ann Update Intensive Care Emerg Med"},{"key":"4610_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201209-1668OC","volume":"188","author":"A Demoule","year":"2013","unstructured":"Demoule A, Jung B, Prodanovic H, Molinari N, Chanques G, Coirault C, Matecki S, Duguet A, Similowski T, Jaber S (2013) Diaphragm dysfunction on admission to the intensive care unit. Prevalence, risk factors, and prognostic impact\u2014a prospective study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188:213\u2013219","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070447","volume":"358","author":"S Levine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levine S, Nguyen T, Taylor N, Friscia ME, Budak MT, Rothenberg P, Zhu J, Sachdeva R, Sonnad S, Kaiser LR (2008) Rapid disuse atrophy of diaphragm fibers in mechanically ventilated humans. N Engl J Med 358:1327\u20131335","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4610_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0234OC","volume":"182","author":"SN Hussain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hussain SN, Mofarrahi M, Sigala I, Kim HC, Vassilakopoulos T, Maltais F, Bellenis I, Chaturvedi R, Gottfried SB, Metrakos P (2010) Mechanical ventilation\u2013induced diaphragm disuse in humans triggers autophagy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 182:1377\u20131386","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200838020-00001","volume":"38","author":"LJ White","year":"2008","unstructured":"White LJ, Castellano V (2008) Exercise and brain health\u2014implications for multiple sclerosis. Sports Med 38:91\u2013100","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"4610_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201004-0670OC","volume":"183","author":"S Jaber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jaber S, Petrof BJ, Jung B, Chanques G, Berthet J-P, Rabuel C, Bouyabrine H, Courouble P, Koechlin-Ramonatxo C, Sebbane M (2011) Rapidly progressive diaphragmatic weakness and injury during mechanical ventilation in humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183:364\u2013371","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201412-2214OC","volume":"191","author":"PE Hooijman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hooijman PE, Beishuizen A, Witt CC, de Waard MC, Girbes AR, Spoelstra-de Man AM, Niessen HW, Manders E, van Hees HW, van den Brom CE (2015) Diaphragm muscle fiber weakness and ubiquitin\u2013proteasome activation in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 191:1126\u20131138","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR124","first-page":"1","volume":"34","author":"P Conti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Conti P, Ronconi G, Caraffa A, Gallenga C, Ross R, Frydas I, Kritas S (2020) Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 34:1","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"4610_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R337","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00469.2004","volume":"288","author":"SK Powers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Powers SK, Kavazis AN, DeRuisseau KC (2005) Mechanisms of disuse muscle atrophy: role of oxidative stress. Am J Physiol-Regulatory, Integr Comparative Physiol 288:R337\u2013R344","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Regulatory, Integr Comparative Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01202.2006","volume":"102","author":"SK Powers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Powers SK, Kavazis AN, McClung JM (2007) Oxidative stress and disuse muscle atrophy. J Appl Physiol 102:2389\u20132397","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200601-142OC","volume":"175","author":"JM McClung","year":"2007","unstructured":"McClung JM, Kavazis AN, DeRuisseau KC, Falk DJ, Deering MA, Lee Y, Sugiura T, Powers SK (2007) Caspase-3 regulation of diaphragm myonuclear domain during mechanical ventilation\u2013induced atrophy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175:150\u2013159","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/805172","author":"D Costamagna","year":"2015","unstructured":"Costamagna D, Costelli P, Sampaolesi M, Penna F (2015) Role of inflammation in muscle homeostasis and myogenesis. Mediators inflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/805172","journal-title":"Mediators inflamm"},{"key":"4610_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.03.015","volume":"80","author":"P Londhe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Londhe P, Guttridge DC (2015) Inflammation induced loss of skeletal muscle. Bone 80:131\u2013142","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"4610_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2009.01018.x","volume":"20","author":"H Degens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Degens H (2010) The role of systemic inflammation in age-related muscle weakness and wasting. Scand J Med Sci Sports 20:28\u201338","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"4610_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.010389","volume":"6","author":"P Bonaldo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bonaldo P, Sandri M (2013) Cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy. Dis Model Mech 6:25\u201339","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"},{"key":"4610_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065874","volume":"294","author":"SC Bodine","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bodine SC, Latres E, Baumhueter S, Lai VK-M, Nunez L, Clarke BA, Poueymirou WT, Panaro FJ, Na E, Dharmarajan K (2001) Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy. Science 294:1704\u20131708","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4610_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/rr67","volume":"2","author":"MB Reid","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reid MB, Li Y-P (2001) Tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 and muscle wasting: a cellular perspective. Respir Res 2:1\u20134","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"4610_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.10.5450","volume":"138","author":"RA Frost","year":"1997","unstructured":"Frost RA, Lang CH, Gelato MC (1997) Transient exposure of human myoblasts to tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibits serum and insulin-like growth factor-I stimulated protein synthesis. Endocrinology 138:4153\u20134159","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"4610_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E727","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.1991.260.5.E727","volume":"260","author":"MN Goodman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Goodman MN (1991) Tumor necrosis factor induces skeletal muscle protein breakdown in rats. American J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab 260:E727\u2013E730","journal-title":"American J Physiol-Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"4610_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0087","volume":"144","author":"SR Broussard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Broussard SR, MCCusker RH, Novakofski JE, Strle K, Hong Shen W, Johnson RW, Freund GG, Dantzer R, Kelley KW (2003) Cytokine-hormone interactions: tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 impairs biologic activity and downstream activation signals of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor in myoblasts. Endocrinology 144:2988\u20132996","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"4610_CR137","first-page":"871","volume":"12","author":"YP Li","year":"1998","unstructured":"Li YP, Schwartz RJ, Waddell ID, Holloway BR, Reid MB (1998) Skeletal muscle myocytes undergo protein loss and reactive oxygen-mediated NF-\u03baB activation in response to tumor necrosis factor\u03b1. FASEB J 12:871\u2013880","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"4610_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-2870fje","volume":"19","author":"T Phillips","year":"2005","unstructured":"Phillips T, Leeuwenburgh C (2005) Muscle fiber-specific apoptosis and TNF-\u03b1 signaling in sarcopenia are attenuated by life-long calorie restriction. FASEB J 19:1\u201333","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"4610_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.027","volume":"119","author":"D Cai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cai D, Frantz JD, Tawa NE Jr, Melendez PA, Oh B-C, Lidov HG, Hasselgren P-O, Frontera WR, Lee J, Glass DJ (2004) IKK\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB activation causes severe muscle wasting in mice. Cell 119:285\u2013298","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4610_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.063321","volume":"98","author":"RW Jackman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jackman RW, Cornwell EW, Wu CL, Kandarian SC (2013) Nuclear factor-\u03baB signalling and transcriptional regulation in skeletal muscle atrophy. Exp Physiol 98:19\u201324","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.10.008","volume":"57","author":"M Batista Jr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Batista M Jr, Peres S, McDonald M, Alc\u00e2ntara PSMd, Olivan M, Otoch JP, Farmer S, Seelaender M (2012) Adipose tissue inflammation and cancer cachexia: possible role of nuclear transcription factors. Cytokine 57:9\u201316","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"4610_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00785.2020","volume":"129","author":"PJ Ferrandi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferrandi PJ, Alway SE, Mohamed JS (2020) Last Word on Viewpoint: the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 may have consequences for skeletal muscle viral susceptibility and myopathies. J Appl Physiol 129:872\u2013872","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1403-7","volume":"24","author":"G Bahat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bahat G (2020) Covid-19 and the renin angiotensin system: implications for the older adults. J Nutr Health Aging 24:699\u2013704","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"4610_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-939OC","volume":"170","author":"JL Betters","year":"2004","unstructured":"Betters JL, Criswell DS, Shanely RA, Van Gammeren D, Falk D, DeRuisseau KC, Deering M, Yimlamai T, Powers SK (2004) Trolox attenuates mechanical ventilation\u2013induced diaphragmatic dysfunction and proteolysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170:1179\u20131184","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1991.tb09191.x","volume":"142","author":"H Kondo","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kondo H, Miura M, Itokawa Y (1991) Oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobilization. Acta Physiol Scand 142:527\u2013528","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"4610_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00374844","volume":"421","author":"H Kondo","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kondo H, Miura M, Kodama J, Ahmed SM, Itokawa Y (1992) Role of iron in oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophied by immobilization. Pflugers Arch 421:295\u2013297","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"4610_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.75.3.1081","volume":"75","author":"MB Reid","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reid MB, Khawli F, Moody MR (1993) Reactive oxygen in skeletal muscle. III. Contractility of unfatigued muscle. J Appl Physiol 75:1081\u20131087","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2005.12.011","volume":"151","author":"MA Smith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smith MA, Reid MB (2006) Redox modulation of contractile function in respiratory and limb skeletal muscle. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 151:229\u2013241","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"4610_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0507fje","volume":"15","author":"FH Andrade","year":"2001","unstructured":"Andrade FH, Reid MB, Westerblad H (2001) Contractile response to low peroxide concentrations: myofibrillar calcium sensitivity as a likely target for redox-modulation of skeletal muscle function. FASEB J 15:309\u2013311","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"4610_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2000.2.1-35","volume":"2","author":"K Anzai","year":"2000","unstructured":"Anzai K, Ogawa K, Ozawa T, Yamamoto H (2000) Oxidative modification of ion channel activity of ryanodine receptor. Antioxid Redox Signal 2:35\u201340","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"4610_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00812073","volume":"21","author":"JJ Abramson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Abramson JJ, Salama G (1989) Critical sulfhydryls regulate calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. J Bioenerg Biomembr 21:283\u2013294","journal-title":"J Bioenerg Biomembr"},{"key":"4610_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2000.2.1-73","volume":"2","author":"JP Fabisiak","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fabisiak JP, Ritov VB, Kagan VE (2000) Reversible thiol-dependent activation of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release channel by etoposide (VP-16) phenoxyl radical. Antioxid Redox Signal 2:73\u201382","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"4610_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11060","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)78091-0","volume":"269","author":"T Daiho","year":"1994","unstructured":"Daiho T, Kanazawa T (1994) Reduction of disulfide bonds in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca (2+)-ATPase by dithiothreitol causes inhibition of phosphoenzyme isomerization in catalytic cycle. This reduction requires binding of both purine nucleotide and Ca2+ to enzyme. J Biol Chem 269:11060\u201311064","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4610_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01456.2005","volume":"100","author":"T Yamada","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yamada T, Mishima T, Sakamoto M, Sugiyama M, Matsunaga S, Wada M (2006) Oxidation of myosin heavy chain and reduction in force production in hyperthyroid rat soleus. J Appl Physiol 100:1520\u20131526","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050527","volume":"92","author":"JW Haycock","year":"1996","unstructured":"Haycock JW, Jones P, Harris JB, Mantle D (1996) Differential susceptibility of human skeletal muscle proteins to free radical induced oxidative damage: a histochemical, immunocytochemical and electron microscopical study in vitro. Acta Neuropathol 92:331\u2013340","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"4610_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1009","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00438.2006","volume":"292","author":"C Coirault","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coirault C, Guellich A, Barbry T, Samuel JL, Riou B, Lecarpentier Y (2007) Oxidative stress of myosin contributes to skeletal muscle dysfunction in rats with chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol-Heart Circulatory Physiol 292:H1009\u2013H1017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Heart Circulatory Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010344008224","volume":"21","author":"DR Plant","year":"2000","unstructured":"Plant DR, Lynch GS, Williams DA (2000) Hydrogen peroxide modulates Ca2+-activation of single permeabilized fibres from fast-and slow-twitch skeletal muscles of rats. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 21:747\u2013752","journal-title":"J Muscle Res Cell Motil"},{"key":"4610_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200202-088OC","volume":"166","author":"RA Shanely","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shanely RA, Zergeroglu MA, Lennon SL, Sugiura T, Yimlamai T, Enns D, Belcastro A, Powers SK (2002) Mechanical ventilation\u2013induced diaphragmatic atrophy is associated with oxidative injury and increased proteolytic activity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:1369\u20131374","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C806","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.279.3.C806","volume":"279","author":"TJ Koh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Koh TJ, Tidball JG (2000) Nitric oxide inhibits calpain-mediated proteolysis of talin in skeletal muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279:C806\u2013C812","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.116884","volume":"414","author":"GC Rom\u00e1n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rom\u00e1n GC, Spencer PS, Reis J, Buguet A, Faris MEA, Katrak SM, L\u00e1inez M, Medina MT, Meshram C, Mizusawa H (2020) The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: a proposal from the environmental neurology specialty group of the world federation of neurology to implement international neurological registries. J Neurol Sci 414:116884","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.10.20021832","author":"S Wan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wan S, Yi Q, Fan S, Lv J, Zhang X, Guo L, Lang C, Xiao Q, Xiao K, Yi Z (2020) Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in peripheral blood of 123 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). MedRxiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.02.10.20021832","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"4610_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110195","volume":"127","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Geng X, Tan Y, Li Q, Xu C, Xu J, Hao L, Zeng Z, Luo X, Liu F (2020) New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system. Biomed Pharmacother 127:110195","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4610_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044110","author":"C Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li C, Yang P, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Wang W, Zou Z, Xing L, Chen Z, Tang C, Guo F (2012) Corticosteroid treatment ameliorates acute lung injury induced by 2009 swine origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in mice. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0044110","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4610_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00845","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00845-17","volume":"8","author":"P Younan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Younan P, Iampietro M, Nishida A, Ramanathan P, Santos RI, Dutta M, Lubaki NM, Koup RA, Katze MG, Bukreyev A (2017) Ebola virus binding to Tim-1 on T lymphocytes induces a cytokine storm. MBio 8:e00845-e917","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"4610_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0900","volume":"44","author":"M Bo\u015fnak G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bo\u015fnak G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc M, G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc G\u00fcnd\u00fcz A, Nazliel B, Irkec C (2012) Comparison of functional exercise capacity, pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in patients with multiple sclerosis with different disability levels and healthy controls. J rehabilit med 44(1):80\u201386","journal-title":"J rehabilit med"},{"key":"4610_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.72.6.511","volume":"72","author":"LS Aboussouan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aboussouan LS (2005) Respiratory disorders in neurologic diseases. Clevel Clin J Med 72:511","journal-title":"Clevel Clin J Med"},{"key":"4610_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215505cr782oa","volume":"19","author":"F Mutluay","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mutluay F, G\u00fcrses H, Saip S (2005) Effects of multiple sclerosis on respiratory functions. Clin Rehabil 19:426\u2013432","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.127332","volume":"79","author":"C Hirst","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hirst C, Swingler R, Compston D, Ben-Shlomo Y, Robertson NP (2008) Survival and cause of death in multiple sclerosis: a prospective population-based study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:1016\u20131021","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"4610_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1007236","volume":"366","author":"FD McCool","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCool FD, Tzelepis GE (2012) Dysfunction of the diaphragm. N Engl J Med 366:932\u2013942","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4610_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.2.479","volume":"115","author":"R Howard","year":"1992","unstructured":"Howard R, Wiles C, Hirsch N, Loh L, Spencer G, Newsom-Davis J (1992) Respiratory involvement in multiple sclerosis. Brain 115:479\u2013494","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"4610_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.01.018","volume":"109","author":"GE Tzelepis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tzelepis GE, McCool FD (2015) Respiratory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Respir Med 109:671\u2013679","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"4610_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.2.479","volume":"101","author":"SC Smeltzer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Smeltzer SC, Skurnick JH, Troiano R, Cook SD, Duran W, Lavietes MH (1992) Respiratory function in multiple sclerosis: utility of clinical assessment of respiratory muscle function. Chest 101:479\u2013484","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00172312","volume":"41","author":"MR Farhat","year":"2013","unstructured":"Farhat MR, Loring SH, Riskind P, Weinhouse G (2013) Disturbance of respiratory muscle control in a patient with early-stage multiple sclerosis. Eur Respir J 41:1454\u20131456","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"4610_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5532776","author":"E Westerdahl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Westerdahl E, Gunnarsson M, Wittrin A, Nilsag\u00e5rd Y (2021) Pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in patients with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Intern. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5532776","journal-title":"Multiple Sclerosis Intern"},{"key":"4610_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000521444","author":"M Dereli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dereli M, Kahraman BO, Kahraman T (2022) A narrative review of respiratory impairment, assessment, and rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis. Dubai Medical J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000521444","journal-title":"Dubai Medical J"},{"key":"4610_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103557","volume":"59","author":"O Razi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razi O, Tartibian B, Teixeira AM, Zamani N, Govindasamy K, Suzuki K, Laher I, Zouhal H (2022) Thermal dysregulation in patients with multiple sclerosis during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential therapeutic role of exercise. Multiple Scler Relat Disord 59:103557","journal-title":"Multiple Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"4610_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1191\/135248506ms1268cr","volume":"12","author":"R Linker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Linker R, Mohr A, Cepek L, Gold R, Prange H (2006) Core hypothermia in multiple sclerosis: case report with magnetic resonance imaging localization of a thalamic lesion. Mult Scler J 12:112\u2013115","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.61.4.369","volume":"61","author":"K White","year":"1996","unstructured":"White K, Scoones D, Newman P (1996) Hypothermia in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 61:369\u2013375","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"4610_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4161\/chan.20973","volume":"6","author":"AP Braun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Braun AP (2012) Two-pore domain potassium channels: variation on a structural theme. Channels 6:139\u2013140","journal-title":"Channels"},{"key":"4610_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020975","volume":"488","author":"JD Griffin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Griffin JD, Boulant JA (1995) Temperature effects on membrane potential and input resistance in rat hypothalamic neurones. J Physiol 488:407\u2013418","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R518","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00039.2006","volume":"291","author":"M Wechselberger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wechselberger M, Wright CL, Bishop GA, Boulant JA (2006) Ionic channels and conductance-based models for hypothalamic neuronal thermosensitivity. Am J Physiol-Regul, Integr Comparative Physiol 291:R518\u2013R529","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Regul, Integr Comparative Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1031286","volume":"37","author":"AD Ray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ray AD, Mahoney MC, Fisher NM (2015) Measures of respiratory function correlate with fatigue in ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil 37:2407\u20132412","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00598.x","volume":"114","author":"B Koseoglu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koseoglu B, Gokkaya N, Ergun U, Inan L, Yesiltepe E (2006) Cardiopulmonary and metabolic functions, aerobic capacity, fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 114:261\u2013267","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"4610_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.05.050","volume":"367","author":"I Wens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wens I, Eijnde BO, Hansen D (2016) Muscular, cardiac, ventilatory and metabolic dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis: Implications for screening, clinical care and endurance and resistance exercise therapy, a scoping review. J Neurol Sci 367:107\u2013121","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.742574","volume":"35","author":"M Asano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asano M, Duquette P, Andersen R, Lapierre Y, Mayo NE (2013) Exercise barriers and preferences among women and men with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil 35:353\u2013361","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)00248-M","volume":"129","author":"TC Guthrie","year":"1995","unstructured":"Guthrie TC, Nelson DA (1995) Influence of temperature changes on multiple sclerosis: critical review of mechanisms and research potential. J Neurol Sci 129:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1177\/135245850000600307","volume":"6","author":"A White","year":"2000","unstructured":"White A, Wilson T, Davis S, Petajan J (2000) Effect of precooling on physical performance in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J 6:176\u2013180","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458505ms1188oa","volume":"11","author":"RW Motl","year":"2005","unstructured":"Motl RW, McAuley E, Snook EM (2005) Physical activity and multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis. Mult Scler J 11:459\u2013463","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.3109\/09638280902980928","volume":"31","author":"N Stroud","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stroud N, Minahan C, Sabapathy S (2009) The perceived benefits and barriers to exercise participation in persons with multiple sclerosis. Disabil Rehabil 31:2216\u20132222","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.09.558","volume":"90","author":"AP Turner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turner AP, Kivlahan DR, Haselkorn JK (2009) Exercise and quality of life among people with multiple sclerosis: looking beyond physical functioning to mental health and participation in life. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 90:420\u2013428","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512436596","volume":"18","author":"AK Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hedstr\u00f6m AK, Olsson T, Alfredsson L (2012) High body mass index before age 20 is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis in both men and women. Mult Scler J 18:1334\u20131336","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29245\/2572.942X\/2016\/7.1064","volume":"1","author":"MA Gianfrancesco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gianfrancesco MA, Barcellos LF (2016) Obesity and multiple sclerosis susceptibility: a review. J Neurol Neuromed 1:1","journal-title":"J Neurol Neuromed"},{"key":"4610_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828154f3","volume":"80","author":"A Langer-Gould","year":"2013","unstructured":"Langer-Gould A, Brara SM, Beaber BE, Koebnick C (2013) Childhood obesity and risk of pediatric multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome. Neurology 80:548\u2013552","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4610_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458513483889","volume":"19","author":"KL Munger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Munger KL, Bentzen J, Laursen B, Stenager E, Koch-Henriksen N, S\u00f8rensen TI, Baker JL (2013) Childhood body mass index and multiple sclerosis risk: a long-term cohort study. Mult Scler J 19:1323\u20131329","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"4610_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.01.009","volume":"29","author":"LA Pilutti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pilutti LA, Motl RW (2019) Body composition and disability in people with multiple sclerosis: a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry study. Mult scler relat disord 29:41\u201347","journal-title":"Mult scler relat disord"},{"key":"4610_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2018.1506331","volume":"12","author":"AE Dixon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dixon AE, Peters U (2018) The effect of obesity on lung function. Expert Rev Respir Med 12:755\u2013767","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"4610_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/834786","volume":"13","author":"K Parameswaran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parameswaran K, Todd DC, Soth M (2006) Altered respiratory physiology in obesity. Can Respir J 13:203\u2013210","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"4610_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.3.377","volume":"15","author":"A Naimark","year":"1960","unstructured":"Naimark A, Cherniack R (1960) Compliance of the respiratory system and its components in health and obesity. J Appl Physiol 15:377\u2013382","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199809000-00031","volume":"87","author":"P Pelosi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pelosi P, Croci M, Ravagnan I, Tredici S, Pedoto A, Lissoni A, Gattinoni L (1998) The effects of body mass on lung volumes, respiratory mechanics, and gas exchange during general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 87:654\u2013660","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"4610_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104957","volume":"43","author":"J Sharp","year":"1964","unstructured":"Sharp J, Henry J, Sweany S, Meadows W, Pietras R (1964) The total work of breathing in normal and obese men. J Clin Investig 43:728\u2013739","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"4610_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91356.2008","volume":"108","author":"N Behazin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Behazin N, Jones SB, Cohen RI, Loring SH (2010) Respiratory restriction and elevated pleural and esophageal pressures in morbid obesity. J Appl Physiol 108:212\u2013218","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1997.89104000.x","volume":"241","author":"H Sugerman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sugerman H, Windsor A, Bessos M, Wolfe L (1997) Intra-abdominal pressure, sagittal abdominal diameter and obesity comorbidity. J Intern Med 241:71\u201379","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"4610_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2009.06.012","volume":"168","author":"M Chlif","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chlif M, Keochkerian D, Choquet D, Vaidie A, Ahmaidi S (2009) Effects of obesity on breathing pattern, ventilatory neural drive and mechanics. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 168:198\u2013202","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"4610_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803460","volume":"31","author":"F Collet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Collet F, Mallart A, Bervar J, Bautin N, Matran R, Pattou F, Romon M, Perez T (2007) Physiologic correlates of dyspnea in patients with morbid obesity. Int J Obes 31:700\u2013706","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"4610_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.3.827","volume":"130","author":"RL Jones","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jones RL, Nzekwu M-MU (2006) The effects of body mass index on lung volumes. Chest 130:827\u2013833","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.2001.1035","volume":"95","author":"W Ladosky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ladosky W, Botelho M, Albuquerque J Jr (2001) Chest mechanics in morbidly obese non-hypoventilated patients. Respir Med 95:281\u2013286","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"4610_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.4.1269","volume":"55","author":"MG Sampson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sampson MG, Grassino AE (1983) Load compensation in obese patients during quiet tidal breathing. J Appl Physiol 55:1269\u20131276","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.56.1.4","volume":"56","author":"L Schachter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schachter L, Salome C, Peat J, Woolcock A (2001) Obesity is a risk for asthma and wheeze but not airway hyperresponsiveness. Thorax 56:4\u20138","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"4610_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.13.1477","volume":"162","author":"DD Sin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sin DD, Jones RL, Man SP (2002) Obesity is a risk factor for dyspnea but not for airflow obstruction. Arch Intern Med 162:1477\u20131481","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"4610_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.5.1470","volume":"103","author":"F Zerah","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zerah F, Harf A, Perlemuter L, Lorino H, Lorino A-M, Atlan G (1993) Effects of obesity on respiratory resistance. Chest 103:1470\u20131476","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00471.x","volume":"9","author":"G Zavorsky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zavorsky G, Hoffman S (2008) Pulmonary gas exchange in the morbidly obese. Obes Rev 9:326\u2013339","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105549","volume":"46","author":"H Holley","year":"1967","unstructured":"Holley H, Milic-Emili J, Becklake M, Bates D (1967) Regional distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in obesity. J Clin Investig 46:475\u2013481","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"4610_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071812-161113","volume":"34","author":"G Martinez-Santiba\u00f1ez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martinez-Santiba\u00f1ez G, Nien-Kai Lumeng C (2014) Macrophages and the regulation of adipose tissue remodeling. Annu Rev Nutr 34:57\u201376","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"4610_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.49.8.1374","volume":"49","author":"M-C Alessi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alessi M-C, Bastelica D, Morange P, Berthet B, Leduc I, Verdier M, Geel O, Juhan-Vague I (2000) Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, transforming growth factor-beta1, and BMI are closely associated in human adipose tissue during morbid obesity. Diabetes 49:1374\u20131380","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"4610_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI88883","volume":"127","author":"C Crewe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crewe C, An YA, Scherer PE (2017) The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis. J Clin Investig 127:74\u201382","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"4610_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.8.2305","volume":"54","author":"GB Di Gregorio","year":"2005","unstructured":"Di Gregorio GB, Yao-Borengasser A, Rasouli N, Varma V, Lu T, Miles LM, Ranganathan G, Peterson CA, McGehee RE, Kern PA (2005) Expression of CD68 and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 genes in human adipose and muscle tissues: association with cytokine expression, insulin resistance, and reduction by pioglitazone. Diabetes 54:2305\u20132313","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"4610_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800770","volume":"22","author":"V Mohamed-Ali","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mohamed-Ali V, Pinkney J, Coppack S (1998) Adipose tissue as an endocrine and paracrine organ. Int J Obes 22:1145\u20131158","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"4610_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1796","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200319246","volume":"112","author":"SP Weisberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, Rosenbaum M, Leibel RL, Ferrante AW (2003) Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Investig 112:1796\u20131808","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"4610_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4103\/2045-8932.93542","volume":"1","author":"R Summer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Summer R, Walsh K, Medoff BD (2011) Obesity and pulmonary arterial hypertension: is adiponectin the molecular link between these conditions? Pulmonary circulation 1:440\u2013447","journal-title":"Pulmonary circulation"},{"key":"4610_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27640","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161126045","volume":"16","author":"P-S Hsu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hsu P-S, Wu C-S, Chang J-F, Lin W-N (2015) Leptin promotes cPLA2 gene expression through activation of the MAPK\/NF-\u03baB\/p300 cascade. Int J Mol Sci 16:27640\u201327658","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crphar.2021.100016","volume":"2","author":"J Woo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woo J, Koziol-White C, Panettieri R Jr, Jude J (2021) TGF-\u03b2: The missing link in obesity-associated airway diseases? Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discover 2:100016","journal-title":"Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discover"},{"key":"4610_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.03.039","volume":"498","author":"X Gui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gui X, Chen H, Cai H, Sun L, Gu L (2018) Leptin promotes pulmonary fibrosis development by inhibiting autophagy via PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 498:660\u2013666","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"4610_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.6.9803053","volume":"158","author":"WI de Boer","year":"1998","unstructured":"de Boer WI, van Schadewijk A, Sont JK, Sharma HS, Stolk J, Hiemstra PS, van Krieken JHJ (1998) Transforming growth factor \u03b21 and recruitment of macrophages and mast cells in airways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J respir crit care med 158:1951\u201319577","journal-title":"Am J respir crit care med"},{"key":"4610_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L201","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2000.279.1.L201","volume":"279","author":"CY Fong","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fong CY, Pang L, Holland E, Knox AJ (2000) TGF-\u03b21 stimulates IL-8 release, COX-2 expression, and PGE2release in human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol 279:L201\u2013L207","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR225","first-page":"85S","volume":"99","author":"J Kelley","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kelley J, Kovacs EJ, Nicholson K, Fabisiak JP (1991) Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 production by lung macrophages and fibroblasts. Chest 99:85S-86S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0012OC","volume":"35","author":"K-Y Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee K-Y, Ho S-C, Lin H-C, Lin S-M, Liu C-Y, Huang C-D, Wang C-H, Chung KF, Kuo H-P (2006) Neutrophil-derived elastase induces TGF-\u03b21 secretion in human airway smooth muscle via NF-\u03baB pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 35:407\u2013414","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.17.3.2733","volume":"17","author":"EM Minshall","year":"1997","unstructured":"Minshall EM, Leung DY, Martin RJ, Song YL, Cameron L, Ernst P, Hamid Q (1997) Eosinophil-associated TGF-\u03b21 mRNA expression and airways fibrosis in bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 17:326\u2013333","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.supplement_2.2106061","volume":"164","author":"PK Jeffery","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jeffery PK (2001) Remodeling in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 164:S28\u2013S38","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13541","volume":"50","author":"RR e-Lacerda","year":"2020","unstructured":"e-Lacerda RR, Anhe GF, Page CP, Vasquez RY (2020) Sex differences in the influence of obesity on a murine model of allergic lung inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 50:256\u2013266","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"4610_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(97)90124-4","volume":"130","author":"JP Grande","year":"1997","unstructured":"Grande JP, Melder DC, Zinsmeister AR (1997) Modulation of collagen gene expression by cytokines: stimulatory effect of transforming growth factor-\u03b21, with divergent effects of epidermal growth factor and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 on collagen type I and collagen type IV. J Lab Clin Med 130:476\u2013486","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"4610_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.19.3.2999","volume":"19","author":"RA Panettieri Jr","year":"1998","unstructured":"Panettieri RA Jr, Tan EM, Ciocca V, Luttmann MA, Leonard TB, Hay DW (1998) Effects of LTD4 on human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, matrix expression, and contraction in vitro: differential sensitivity to cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19:453\u2013461","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9090280","volume":"9","author":"A Magdy Beshbishy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magdy Beshbishy A, Hetta HF, Hussein DE, Saati AA, Uba C, Rivero-Perez N, Zaragoza-Bastida A, Shah MA, Behl T, Batiha GES (2020) Factors associated with increased morbidity and mortality of obese and overweight COVID-19 patients. Biology 9:280","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"4610_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1005153","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005153","volume":"11","author":"A Damouche","year":"2015","unstructured":"Damouche A, Lazure T, Avettand-F\u00e8no\u00ebl V, Huot N, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Satie A-P, M\u00e9lard A, David L, Gommet C, Ghosn J (2015) Adipose tissue is a neglected viral reservoir and an inflammatory site during chronic HIV and SIV infection. PLoS Pathog 11:e1005153","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"4610_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jia X, Yin C, Lu S, Chen Y, Liu Q, Bai J and Lu Y (2020) Two things about COVID-19 might need attention. 2020020315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20944\/preprints202002.0315.v1","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202002.0315.v1"},{"key":"4610_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.017","volume":"94","author":"J Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q, Ji R, Wang H, Wang Y, Zhou Y (2020) Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 94:91\u201395","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4610_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102976","volume":"60","author":"ME Ortiz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ortiz ME, Thurman A, Pezzulo AA, Leidinger MR, Klesney-Tait JA, Karp PH, Tan P, Wohlford-Lenane C, McCray PB Jr, Meyerholz DK (2020) Heterogeneous expression of the SARS-Coronavirus-2 receptor ACE2 in the human respiratory tract. EBioMedicine 60:102976","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"4610_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e016219","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016219","volume":"9","author":"J Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo J, Huang Z, Lin L, Lv J (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular disease: a viewpoint on the potential influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/angiotensin receptor blockers on onset and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. J Am Heart Assoc 9:e016219","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"4610_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801364-9.00025-0","author":"AJ Turner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Turner AJ (2015) ACE2 cell biology, regulation, and physiological functions. Prot Arm Ren Angiotensin Syst (RAS). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-801364-9.00025-0","journal-title":"Prot Arm Ren Angiotensin Syst (RAS)"},{"key":"4610_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)03640-2","volume":"532","author":"D Harmer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harmer D, Gilbert M, Borman R, Clark KL (2002) Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme. FEBS Lett 532:107\u2013110","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"4610_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s11062-019-09760-5","volume":"50","author":"N Razazian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Razazian N, Almasi V, Afshari D, Bostani A, Moradian N, Farahvashi M (2018) Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis and healthy controls: a pilot study. Neurophysiology 50:348\u2013350","journal-title":"Neurophysiology"},{"key":"4610_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12137","volume":"40","author":"C Sumners","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sumners C, Horiuchi M, Widdop RE, McCarthy C, Unger T, Steckelings UM (2013) Protective arms of the renin\u2013angiotensin-system in neurological disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 40:580\u2013588","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20040634","volume":"383","author":"GI Rice","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rice GI, Thomas DA, Grant PJ, Turner AJ, Hooper NM (2004) Evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), its homologue ACE2 and neprilysin in angiotensin peptide metabolism. Biochem J 383:45\u201351","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"4610_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14942","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903602106","volume":"106","author":"J Stegbauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stegbauer J, Lee D-H, Seubert S, Ellrichmann G, Manzel A, Kvakan H, Muller DN, Gaupp S, Rump LC, Gold R (2009) Role of the renin-angiotensin system in autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:14942\u201314947","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00023.2016","author":"RAS Santos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santos RAS, Sampaio WO, Alzamora AC, Motta-Santos D, Alenina N, Bader M, Campagnole-Santos MJ (2017) The ACE2\/angiotensin-(1\u20137)\/MAS axis of the renin-angiotensin system: focus on angiotensin-(1\u20137). Physiol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00023.2016","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320315583582","author":"J Kalra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kalra J, Prakash A, Kumar P, Majeed ABA (2015) Cerebroprotective effects of RAS inhibitors: beyond their cardio-renal actions. J Ren-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1470320315583582","journal-title":"J Ren-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"4610_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/256294","author":"C Tikellis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tikellis C, Thomas M (2012) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key modulator of the renin angiotensin system in health and disease. Int J pept. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/256294","journal-title":"Int J pept"},{"key":"4610_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.620990","volume":"8","author":"H Issa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Issa H, Eid AH, Berry B, Takhviji V, Khosravi A, Mantash S, Nehme R, Hallal R, Karaki H, Dhayni K (2021) Combination of angiotensin (1\u20137) agonists and convalescent plasma as a new strategy to overcome angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition for the treatment of COVID-19. Front Med 8:278","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"4610_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-9-40","volume":"9","author":"I Dimitrijevic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dimitrijevic I, Edvinsson M-L, Chen Q, Malmsj\u00f6 M, Kimblad P-O, Edvinsson L (2009) Increased expression of vascular endothelin type B and angiotensin type 1 receptors in patients with ischemic heart disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 9:1\u201311","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"4610_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1740","volume":"21","author":"E Roig","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roig E, Perez-Villa F, Morales M, Jimenez W, Orus J, Heras M, Sanz G (2000) Clinical implications of increased plasma angiotensin II despite ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur Heart J 21:53\u201357","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"4610_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e98012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098012","volume":"9","author":"IL Gomes-Santos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gomes-Santos IL, Fernandes T, Couto GK, Ferreira-Filho JCA, Salemi VMC, Fernandes FB, Casarini DE, Brum PC, Rossoni LV, de Oliveira EM (2014) Effects of exercise training on circulating and skeletal muscle renin-angiotensin system in chronic heart failure rats. PLoS ONE 9:e98012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4610_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047049","volume":"142","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang K, Gheblawi M, Oudit GY (2020) Angiotensin converting enzyme 2: a double-edged sword. Circulation 142:426\u2013428","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4610_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03712","volume":"436","author":"Y Imai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Imai Y, Kuba K, Rao S, Huan Y, Guo F, Guan B, Yang P, Sarao R, Wada T, Leong-Poi H (2005) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure. Nature 436:112\u2013116","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4610_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00688-2020","author":"JM Leung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leung JM, Yang CX, Tam A, Shaipanich T, Hackett T-L, Singhera GK, Dorscheid DR, Sin DD (2020) ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19. Eur Respir J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.00688-2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"4610_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867324666170414162841","volume":"24","author":"L Anguiano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anguiano L, Riera M, Pascual J, Soler M (2017) Circulating ACE2 in cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Curr Med Chem 24:3231\u20133241","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"4610_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1643-8","volume":"63","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang C, Huang F, Wang F, Yuan J, Wang Z, Li J, Li J, Feng C (2020) Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury. Sci China Life Sci 63:364\u2013374","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102536","volume":"19","author":"F Rivellese","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rivellese F, Prediletto E (2020) ACE2 at the centre of COVID-19 from paucisymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia. Autoimmun Rev 19:102536","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00058","volume":"9","author":"GS Magalhaes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Magalhaes GS, Barroso LC, Reis AC, Rodrigues-Machado MG, Greg\u00f3rio JF, Motta-Santos D, Oliveira AC, Perez DA, Barcelos LS, Teixeira MM (2018) Angiotensin-(1\u20137) promotes resolution of eosinophilic inflammation in an experimental model of asthma. Front Immunol 9:58","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0001-8","volume":"6","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Y, Zeng Z, Cao Y, Liu Y, Ping F, Liang M, Xue Y, Xi C, Zhou M, Jiang W (2016) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced rat acute lung injury via suppressing the ERK1\/2 and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways. Sci Rep 6:1\u201314","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4610_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13057","volume":"172","author":"G Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2015","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es G, Rodrigues-Machado M, Motta-Santos D, Silva A, Caliari M, Prata L, Abreu S, Rocco P, Barcelos L, Santos R (2015) A ngiotensin-(1\u20137) attenuates airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 172:2330\u20132342","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4610_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000160867.23556.7D","volume":"111","author":"E Kostenis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kostenis E, Milligan G, Christopoulos A, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, Heringer-Walther S, Sexton PM, Gembardt F, Kellett E, Martini L, Vanderheyden P (2005) G-protein\u2013coupled receptor Mas is a physiological antagonist of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Circulation 111:1806\u20131813","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4610_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-6228-6","volume":"64","author":"Y Imai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Imai Y, Kuba K, Penninger JM (2007) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cell Mol Life Sci 64:2006\u20132012","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.87.2.191","volume":"87","author":"F Fourrier","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fourrier F, Chopi C, Wallaert B, Mazurier C, Mangalahoyi J, Durocher A (1985) Compared evolution of plasma fibronectin and angiotensin-converting enzyme levels in septic ARDS. Chest 87:191\u2013195","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1020","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00097.2020","volume":"318","author":"ZA Abassi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abassi ZA, Skorecki K, Heyman SN, Kinaneh S, Armaly Z (2020) Covid-19 infection and mortality: a physiologist\u2019s perspective enlightening clinical features and plausible interventional strategies. Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol 318:L1020\u2013L1022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-05985-9","volume":"46","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang H, Penninger JM, Li Y, Zhong N, Slutsky AS (2020) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target. Intensive Care Med 46:586\u2013590","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200163","volume":"134","author":"D Batlle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Batlle D, Wysocki J, Satchell K (2020) Soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: a potential approach for coronavirus infection therapy? Clin Sci 134:543\u2013545","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15082","volume":"75","author":"AJ Danser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Danser AJ, Epstein M, Batlle D (2020) Renin-angiotensin system blockers and the COVID-19 pandemic: at present there is no evidence to abandon renin-angiotensin system blockers. Hypertension 75:1382\u20131385","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"4610_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00730","volume":"11","author":"GS Magalhaes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magalhaes GS, Rodrigues-Machado MdG, Motta-Santos D, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Santos RAS (2020) Activation of Ang-(1\u20137)\/Mas receptor is a possible strategy to treat coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Front Physiol 11:730","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.141622","volume":"55","author":"TM Gwathmey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gwathmey TM, Pendergrass KD, Reid SD, Rose JC, Diz DI, Chappell MC (2010) Angiotensin-(1\u20137)-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates reactive oxygen species formation to angiotensin II within the cell nucleus. Hypertension 55:166\u2013171","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"4610_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450117666160727142401","volume":"18","author":"TR Rodrigues Prestes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodrigues Prestes TR, Rocha NP, Miranda AS, Teixeira AL, Simoes-e-Silva AC (2017) The anti-inflammatory potential of ACE2\/angiotensin-(1\u20137)\/mas receptor axis: evidence from basic and clinical research. Curr Drug Targets 18:1301\u20131313","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"4610_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2987","volume":"225","author":"RM W\u00f6sten-van Asperen","year":"2011","unstructured":"W\u00f6sten-van Asperen RM, Lutter R, Specht PA, Moll GN, van Woensel JB, van der Loos CM, van Goor H, Kamilic J, Florquin S, Bos AP (2011) Acute respiratory distress syndrome leads to reduced ratio of ACE\/ACE2 activities and is prevented by angiotensin-(1\u20137) or an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. J Pathol 225:618\u2013627","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4610_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2013.06.052","volume":"185","author":"Q Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen Q, Yang Y, Huang Y, Pan C, Liu L, Qiu H (2013) Angiotensin-(1\u20137) attenuates lung fibrosis by way of mas receptor in acute lung injury. J Surg Res 185(2):740\u2013747","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"4610_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix741","volume":"66","author":"LJ Seys","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seys LJ, Widagdo W, Verhamme FM, Kleinjan A, Janssens W, Joos GF, Bracke KR, Haagmans BL, Brusselle GG (2018) DPP4, the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor, is upregulated in lungs of smokers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Clin Infect Dis 66:45\u201353","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"4610_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(02)00306-0","volume":"35","author":"MJ McKinley","year":"2003","unstructured":"McKinley MJ, Albiston AL, Allen AM, Mathai M, May C, McAllen RM, Oldfield BJ, Mendelsohn F, Chai SY (2003) The brain renin\u2013angiotensin system: location and physiological roles. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 35:901\u2013918","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R444","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00078.2015","volume":"309","author":"AD de Kloet","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Kloet AD, Liu M, Rodr\u00edguez V, Krause EG, Sumners C (2015) Role of neurons and glia in the CNS actions of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular control. Am J Physiol-Regulatory Integr Comparative Physiol 309:R444\u2013R458","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Regulatory Integr Comparative Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550200068012","volume":"54","author":"CS Constantinescu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Constantinescu CS, Goodman DB, Grossman RI, Mannon LJ, Cohen JA (1997) Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 54:1012\u20131015","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"4610_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.02.018","volume":"127","author":"B Lund","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lund B, Stone R, Levy A, Lee S, Amundson E, Kashani N, Rodgers K, Kelland E (2019) Reduced disease severity following therapeutic treatment with angiotensin 1\u20137 in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 127:87\u2013100","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"4610_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2015.07.013","volume":"220","author":"OC Oliveira-Lima","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oliveira-Lima OC, Pinto MC, Duchene J, Qadri F, Souza LL, Alenina N, Bader M, Santos RA, Carvalho-Tavares J (2015) Mas receptor deficiency exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced cerebral and systemic inflammation in mice. Immunobiology 220:1311\u20131321","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"4610_CR278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-019-09894-7","author":"RE Stone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stone RE, Liu S, Levy AM, Kashani N, Louie SG, Rodgers KE, Kelland EE, Lund BT (2019) Activation of the protective arm of the renin angiotensin system in demyelinating disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-019-09894-7","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"4610_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14948","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903958106","volume":"106","author":"M Platten","year":"2009","unstructured":"Platten M, Youssef S, Hur EM, Ho PP, Han MH, Lanz TV, Phillips LK, Goldstein MJ, Bhat R, Raine CS (2009) Blocking angiotensin-converting enzyme induces potent regulatory T cells and modulates TH1-and TH17-mediated autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106:14948\u201314953","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14109","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1612668113","volume":"113","author":"A Hammer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hammer A, Yang G, Friedrich J, Kovacs A, Lee D-H, Grave K, J\u00f6rg S, Alenina N, Grosch J, Winkler J (2016) Role of the receptor mas in macrophage-mediated inflammation in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113:14109\u201314114","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2015.2801","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Qin Y, Liu T, Hao D (2015) Chronic nerve injury-induced Mas receptor expression in dorsal root ganglion neurons alleviates neuropathic pain. Exp Ther Med 10:2384\u20132388","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"4610_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W87","DOI":"10.1097\/RTI.0000000000000534","volume":"35","author":"S Salehi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salehi S, Reddy S, Gholamrezanezhad A (2020) Long-term pulmonary consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): what we know and what to expect. J Thorac Imaging 35:W87\u2013W89","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"4610_CR283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.127.6.2119","volume":"127","author":"L Xie","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xie L, Liu Y, Xiao Y, Tian Q, Fan B, Zhao H, Chen W (2005) Follow-up study on pulmonary function and lung radiographic changes in rehabilitating severe acute respiratory syndrome patients after discharge. Chest 127:2119\u20132124","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17497-6","volume":"7","author":"J Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen J, Wu J, Hao S, Yang M, Lu X, Chen X, Li L (2017) Long term outcomes in survivors of epidemic influenza A (H7N9) virus infection. Sci Rep 7:1\u20138","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4610_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.23034","volume":"215","author":"S Salehi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salehi S, Abedi A, Balakrishnan S, Gholamrezanezhad A (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review of imaging findings in 919 patients. Am J Roentgenol 215:87\u201393","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"4610_CR286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2283030726","volume":"228","author":"GE Antonio","year":"2003","unstructured":"Antonio GE, Wong K, Hui DS, Wu A, Lee N, Yuen EH, Leung C, Rainer TH, Cameron P, Chung SS (2003) Thin-section CT in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome following hospital discharge: preliminary experience. Radiology 228:810\u2013815","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"4610_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009424.pub2","author":"MB Rietberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rietberg MB, Veerbeek JM, Gosselink R, Kwakkel G, van Wegen EE (2017) Respiratory muscle training for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009424.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR288","first-page":"S31","volume":"55","author":"R G\u00f6\u00e7men","year":"2018","unstructured":"G\u00f6\u00e7men R (2018) The relevance of neuroimaging findings to physical disability in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neuropsychiatry 55:S31","journal-title":"Arch Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"4610_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/207247","author":"K Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee K, Rincon F (2012) Pulmonary complications in patients with severe brain injury. Crit Care Res Pract. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2012\/207247","journal-title":"Crit Care Res Pract"},{"key":"4610_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(00)90105-9","volume":"81","author":"R Gosselink","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gosselink R, Kovacs L, Ketelaer P, Carton H, Decramer M (2000) Respiratory muscle weakness and respiratory muscle training in severely disabled multiple sclerosis patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81:747\u2013751","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.99.13244999","volume":"13","author":"R Gosselink","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gosselink R, Kovacs L, Decramer M (1999) Respiratory muscle involvement in multiple sclerosis. Eur Respir J 13:449\u2013454","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"4610_CR292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90281-6","volume":"77","author":"SC Smeltzer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Smeltzer SC, Levietes MH, Cook SD (1996) Expiratory training in multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77:909\u2013912","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.4.1163","volume":"105","author":"C Tantucci","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tantucci C, Massucci M, Piperno R, Betti L, Grassi V, Sorbini CA (1994) Control of breathing and respiratory muscle strength in patients with multiple sclerosis. Chest 105:1163\u20131170","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.06.008","volume":"49","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, He X, Yuan Y, Zhang W, Li X, Zhang Y, Li S, Guan C, Gao Z, Dong G (2021) Meta-analysis investigating the relationship between clinical features, outcomes, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. Am J Infect Control 49:82\u201389","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"4610_CR295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2020.1763952","author":"M Kasraeian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kasraeian M, Zare M, Vafaei H, Asadi N, Faraji A, Bazrafshan K, Roozmeh S (2020) COVID-19 pneumonia and pregnancy; a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2020.1763952","journal-title":"J Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Med"},{"key":"4610_CR296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00013614-200209000-00004","volume":"18","author":"BL Marks","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marks BL (2002) Physiologic responses to exercise in older women. Topics Geriatric Rehabil 18:9\u201320","journal-title":"Topics Geriatric Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR297","first-page":"118","volume":"38","author":"JE Fink","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fink JE, Schoenfeld BJ, Kikuchi N, Nakazato K (2017) Acute and long-term responses to different rest intervals in low-load resistance training. Int J Sports Med 38:118\u2013124","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"4610_CR298","first-page":"21","volume":"2","author":"K Jakhotia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jakhotia K, Jain N, Retharekar S, Shimpi A, Rairikar S, Sancheti P (2014) Effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on aerobic performance in young healthy sedentary individuals. J Med Thesis 2:21\u201325","journal-title":"J Med Thesis"},{"key":"4610_CR299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16101747","volume":"16","author":"P Okrzymowska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Okrzymowska P, Kurzaj M, Seidel W, Ro\u017cek-Piechura K (2019) Eight weeks of inspiratory muscle training improves pulmonary function in disabled swimmers\u2014a randomized trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:1747","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"4610_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E99","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00587.2005","volume":"291","author":"CR Bruce","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bruce CR, Thrush AB, Mertz VA, Bezaire V, Chabowski A, Heigenhauser GJ, Dyck DJ (2006) Endurance training in obese humans improves glucose tolerance and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and alters muscle lipid content. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metabol 291:E99\u2013E107","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"4610_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318234eb6f","volume":"26","author":"JM Wilson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson JM, Loenneke JP, Jo E, Wilson GJ, Zourdos MC, Kim J-S (2012) The effects of endurance, strength, and power training on muscle fiber type shifting. J Strength Conditioning Res 26:1724\u20131729","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"4610_CR302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s004180100268","volume":"115","author":"D Pette","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pette D, Staron RS (2001) Transitions of muscle fiber phenotypic profiles. Histochem Cell Biol 115:359\u2013372","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(76)90011-6","volume":"18","author":"JO Holloszy","year":"1976","unstructured":"Holloszy JO (1976) Adaptations of muscular tissue to training. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 18:445\u2013458","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"4610_CR304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1975.228.4.1029","volume":"228","author":"RH Fitts","year":"1975","unstructured":"Fitts RH, Booth F, Winder W, Holloszy J (1975) Skeletal muscle respiratory capacity, endurance, and glycogen utilization. Am J Physiol-Leg Content 228:1029\u20131033","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Leg Content"},{"key":"4610_CR305","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Exercise physiology: human bioenergetics and its applications","author":"G Brooks","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brooks G, Fahey T, White T (1996) Physiologic responses and long-term adaptations to exercise. In: Brooks GA (ed) Exercise physiology: human bioenergetics and its applications, 2nd edn. Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View (CA), pp 61\u201377","edition":"2"},{"key":"4610_CR306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-9514(05)70002-7","volume":"51","author":"HMC Lau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lau HMC, Ng GYF, Jones AYM, Lee EWC, Siu EHK, Hui DSC (2005) A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of an exercise training program in patients recovering from severe acute respiratory syndrome. Aust J Physiother 51:213\u2013219","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"key":"4610_CR307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7643","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18147643","volume":"18","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Yu R, Wang P, Wang A, Huang H (2021) Effects of exercise training on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in elderly patients with pulmonary fibrosis: a meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:7643","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"4610_CR308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402582","volume":"370","author":"TE King Jr","year":"2014","unstructured":"King TE Jr, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S, Fagan EA, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, Gorina E, Hopkins PM, Kardatzke D, Lancaster L (2014) A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 370:2083\u20132092","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4610_CR309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2004.035220","volume":"60","author":"J Swigris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Swigris J, Kuschner W, Jacobs S, Wilson S, Gould M (2005) Health-related quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review. Thorax 60:588\u2013594","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"4610_CR310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2008.08.014","volume":"102","author":"JJ Swigris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swigris JJ, Brown KK, Make BJ, Wamboldt FS (2008) Pulmonary rehabilitation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a call for continued investigation. Respir Med 102:1675\u20131680","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"4610_CR311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e318269f73f","volume":"27","author":"B HajGhanbari","year":"2013","unstructured":"HajGhanbari B, Yamabayashi C, Buna TR, Coelho JD, Freedman KD, Morton TA, Palmer SA, Toy MA, Walsh C, Sheel AW (2013) Effects of respiratory muscle training on performance in athletes: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Strength Conditioning Res 27:1643\u20131663","journal-title":"J Strength Conditioning Res"},{"key":"4610_CR312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262290","volume":"42","author":"SK Illi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Illi SK, Held U, Frank I, Spengler CM (2012) Effect of respiratory muscle training on exercise performance in healthy individuals. Sports Med 42:707\u2013724","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"4610_CR313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2013.05.005","volume":"94","author":"AD Ray","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ray AD, Udhoji S, Mashtare TL, Fisher NM (2013) A combined inspiratory and expiratory muscle training program improves respiratory muscle strength and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 94:1964\u20131970","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2005.12.035","volume":"87","author":"T Chiara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chiara T, Martin AD, Davenport PW, Bolser DC (2006) Expiratory muscle strength training in persons with multiple sclerosis having mild to moderate disability: effect on maximal expiratory pressure, pulmonary function, and maximal voluntary cough. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 87:468\u2013473","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.101492","volume":"37","author":"MH Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang MH, Fry D, Doyle L, Burnham A, Houston N, Shea K, Smith H, Wiske L, Goode J, Khitrik E (2020) Effects of inspiratory muscle training in advanced multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler and Relat Disord 37:101492","journal-title":"Mult Scler and Relat Disord"},{"key":"4610_CR316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205521731771082","DOI":"10.1177\/2055217317710829","volume":"3","author":"EP Silverman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silverman EP, Miller S, Zhang Y, Hoffman-Ruddy B, Yeager J, Daly JJ (2017) Effects of expiratory muscle strength training on maximal respiratory pressure and swallow-related quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J-Exp Translational Clin 3:2055217317710829","journal-title":"Mult Scler J-Exp Translational Clin"},{"key":"4610_CR317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102574","volume":"46","author":"C Martin-Sanchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martin-Sanchez C, Calvo-Arenillas JI, Barbero-Iglesias FJ, Fonseca E, Sanchez-Santos JM, Martin-Nogueras AM (2020) Effects of 12-week inspiratory muscle training with low resistance in patients with multiple sclerosis: a non-randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Mult Scler Relat Disord 46:102574","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"4610_CR318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.09.069","volume":"166","author":"JB Ferreira","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferreira JB, Plentz RDM, Stein C, Casali KR, Arena R, Dal Lago P (2013) Inspiratory muscle training reduces blood pressure and sympathetic activity in hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Cardiol 166:61\u201367","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"4610_CR319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2042ST","volume":"185","author":"MB Parshall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parshall MB, Schwartzstein RM, Adams L, Banzett RB, Manning HL, Bourbeau J, Calverley PM, Gift AG, Harver A, Lareau SC (2012) An official American thoracic society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185:435\u2013452","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4610_CR320","first-page":"281","volume":"51","author":"F Caruso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caruso F, Arena R, Phillips S, Bonjorno J Jr, Mendes R, Arakelian V, Bassi D, Nogi C, Borghi-Silva A (2015) Resistance exercise training improves heart rate variability and muscle performance: a randomized controlled trial in coronary artery disease patients. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 51:281\u2013289","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"4610_CR321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7133.2011.00282.x","volume":"18","author":"K Murad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Murad K, Brubaker PH, Fitzgerald DM, Morgan TM, Goff DC Jr, Soliman EZ, Eggebeen JD, Kitzman DW (2012) Exercise training improves heart rate variability in older patients with heart failure: a randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial. Congest Heart Fail 18:192\u2013197","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"4610_CR322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2019.07.010","volume":"16","author":"Z Abas\u0131yan\u0131k","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abas\u0131yan\u0131k Z, Ertekin \u00d6, Kahraman T, Yigit P, \u00d6zakba\u015f S (2020) The effects of clinical pilates training on walking, balance, fall risk, respiratory, and cognitive functions in persons with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. Explore 16:12\u201320","journal-title":"Explore"},{"key":"4610_CR323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.17761\/ijyt.23.2.201k61q276486622","volume":"23","author":"BC Salgado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salgado BC, Jones M, Ilgun S, McCord G, Loper-Powers M, van Houten P (2013) Effects of a 4-month ananda yoga program on physical and mental health outcomes for persons with multiple sclerosis. Int J Yoga Ther 23:27\u201338","journal-title":"Int J Yoga Ther"},{"key":"4610_CR324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2020.07.013","volume":"17","author":"Z Abas\u0131yan\u0131k","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abas\u0131yan\u0131k Z, Yi\u011fit P, \u00d6zdo\u011far AT, Kahraman T, Ertekin \u00d6, \u00d6zakba\u015f S (2021) A comparative study of the effects of yoga and clinical Pilates training on walking, cognition, respiratory functions, and quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis: a quasi-experimental study. Explore 17:424\u2013429","journal-title":"Explore"},{"issue":"1","key":"4610_CR325","first-page":"100","volume":"56","author":"M Sable","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sable M, Vaidya S, Sable S (2012) Short communication comparative study of lung functions in swimmers and runners. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 56(1):100\u2013104","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"4610_CR326","first-page":"521","volume":"16","author":"J Va\u0161\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1","year":"2017","unstructured":"Va\u0161\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 J, Neumannov\u00e1 K, Svozil Z (2017) The effect of respiratory muscle training on fin-swimmers\u2019 performance. J Sports Sci Med 16:521","journal-title":"J Sports Sci Med"},{"key":"4610_CR327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.405","volume":"126","author":"S Enright","year":"2004","unstructured":"Enright S, Chatham K, Ionescu AA, Unnithan VB, Shale DJ (2004) Inspiratory muscle training improves lung function and exercise capacity in adults with cystic fibrosis. Chest 126:405\u2013411","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-200005000-00002","volume":"79","author":"S-W Kang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kang S-W, Bach JR (2000) Maximum insufflation capacity: vital capacity and cough flows in neuromuscular disease. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 79:222\u2013227","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"4610_CR329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010234","volume":"17","author":"K Macka\u0142a","year":"2020","unstructured":"Macka\u0142a K, Kurzaj M, Okrzymowska P, Stod\u00f3\u0142ka J, Coh M, Ro\u017cek-Piechura K (2020) The effect of respiratory muscle training on the pulmonary function, lung ventilation, and endurance performance of young soccer players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17:234","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"4610_CR330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-008-0759-x","volume":"103","author":"TD Mickleborough","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mickleborough TD, Stager JM, Chatham K, Lindley MR, Ionescu AA (2008) Pulmonary adaptations to swim and inspiratory muscle training. Eur J Appl Physiol 103:635\u2013646","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6825","volume":"323","author":"JJ Marini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marini JJ, Gattinoni L (2020) Management of COVID-19 respiratory distress. JAMA 323:2329\u20132330","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4610_CR332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0277k.x","volume":"537","author":"AW Sheel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sheel AW, Derchak PA, Morgan BJ, Pegelow DF, Jacques AJ, Dempsey JA (2001) Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex reduction in resting leg blood flow in humans. J Physiol 537:277\u2013289","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.099697","volume":"571","author":"LM Romer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Romer LM, Lovering AT, Haverkamp HC, Pegelow DF, Dempsey JA (2006) Effect of inspiratory muscle work on peripheral fatigue of locomotor muscles in healthy humans. J Physiol 571:425\u2013439","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.3.345","volume":"86","author":"SJ Enright","year":"2006","unstructured":"Enright SJ, Unnithan VB, Heward C, Withnall L, Davies DH (2006) Effect of high-intensity inspiratory muscle training on lung volumes, diaphragm thickness, and exercise capacity in subjects who are healthy. Phys Ther 86:345\u2013354","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"4610_CR335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2006.08.006","volume":"156","author":"AE Downey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Downey AE, Chenoweth LM, Townsend DK, Ranum JD, Ferguson CS, Harms CA (2007) Effects of inspiratory muscle training on exercise responses in normoxia and hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 156:137\u2013146","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"4610_CR336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200205000-00010","volume":"34","author":"LM Romer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Romer LM, McConnell AK, Jones DA (2002) Inspiratory muscle fatigue in trained cyclists: effects of inspiratory muscle training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:785\u2013792","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"4610_CR337","first-page":"6","volume":"17","author":"NP Walsh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Walsh NP, Gleeson M, Shephard RJ, Gleeson M, Woods JA, Bishop N, Fleshner M, Green C, Pedersen BK, Hoffman-Goete L (2011) Position statement part one: immune function and exercise. Exerc Immunol Rev 17:6\u201363","journal-title":"Exerc Immunol Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-14-1","volume":"14","author":"PB van de Weert-van","year":"2013","unstructured":"van de Weert-van PB, Arets HGM, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM (2013) Infection, inflammation and exercise in cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 14:1\u201310","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"4610_CR339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/109502","author":"N Mathur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mathur N, Pedersen BK (2008) Exercise as a mean to control low-grade systemic inflammation. Mediators inflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2008\/109502","journal-title":"Mediators inflamm"},{"key":"4610_CR340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3041","volume":"11","author":"M Gleeson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Stensel DJ, Lindley MR, Mastana SS, Nimmo MA (2011) The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease. Nat Rev Immunol 11:607\u2013615","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/520258","author":"C Brandt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brandt C, Pedersen BK (2010) The role of exercise-induced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases. J Biomed Biotechnol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2010\/520258","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"4610_CR342","first-page":"18","volume":"7","author":"BK Pedersen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pedersen BK, Steensberg A, Fischer C, Keller C, Ostrowski K, Schjerling P (2001) Exercise and cytokines with particular focus on muscle derived IL-6. Exerc Immunol Rev 7:18\u201331","journal-title":"Exerc Immunol Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3957958","author":"HJ Coelho Junior","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coelho Junior HJ, Gambassi BB, Diniz TA, Fernandes IMdC, Caperuto \u00c9C, Uchida MC, Lira FS, Rodrigues B (2016) Inflammatory mechanisms associated with skeletal muscle sequelae after stroke: role of physical exercise. Mediators Inflamm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/3957958","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"4610_CR344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E433","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00074.2003","volume":"285","author":"A Steensberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Steensberg A, Fischer CP, Keller C, M\u00f8ller K, Pedersen BK (2003) IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metabol 285:E433\u2013E437","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"4610_CR345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1997.4420","volume":"85","author":"BE Barton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barton BE (1997) IL-6: insights into novel biological activities. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 85:16\u201320","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"4610_CR346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00711.x","volume":"226","author":"CL Maynard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maynard CL, Weaver CT (2008) Diversity in the contribution of interleukin-10 to T-cell-mediated immune regulation. Immunol Rev 226:219\u2013233","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR347","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"CTR Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves CTR, Gon\u00e7alves CGR, de Almeida FM, dos Santos FDTQ, dos Santos Dur\u00e3o ACC, dos Santos FA, da Silva LFF, Marcourakis T, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, de Paula VR (2012) Protective effects of aerobic exercise on acute lung injury induced by LPS in mice. Crit Care 16:1\u201311","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"4610_CR348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2009.08.003","volume":"215","author":"D Nandi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nandi D, Mishra MK, Basu A, Bishayi B (2010) Protective effects of interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced experimental endotoxemia are linked to alteration in hepatic anti-oxidant enzymes and endogenous cytokines. Immunobiology 215:443\u2013451","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"4610_CR349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8056","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801323","volume":"182","author":"PJ Wolters","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wolters PJ, Wray C, Sutherland RE, Kim SS, Koff J, Mao Y, Frank JA (2009) Neutrophil-derived IL-6 limits alveolar barrier disruption in experimental ventilator-induced lung injury. J Immunol 182:8056\u20138062","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12869","volume":"108","author":"M Venihaki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Venihaki M, Dikkes P, Carrigan A, Karalis KP (2001) Corticotropin-releasing hormone regulates IL-6 expression during inflammation. J Clin Investig 108:1159\u20131166","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"4610_CR351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000465","volume":"8","author":"ER Ropelle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ropelle ER, Flores MB, Cintra DE, Rocha GZ, Pauli JR, Morari J, de Souza CT, Moraes JC, Prada PO, Guadagnini D (2010) IL-6 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory activity links exercise to hypothalamic insulin and leptin sensitivity through IKK\u03b2 and ER stress inhibition. PLoS Biol 8:e1000465","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L399","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1989.257.6.L399","volume":"257","author":"JA Royall","year":"1989","unstructured":"Royall JA, Berkow RL, Beckman JS, Cunningham MK, Matalon S, Freeman BA (1989) Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 alpha increase vascular endothelial permeability. Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol 257:L399\u2013L410","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000165503.08661.E5","volume":"111","author":"A Linke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Linke A, Adams V, Schulze PC, Erbs S, Gielen S, Fiehn E, M\u00f6bius-Winkler S, Schubert A, Schuler G, Hambrecht R (2005) Antioxidative effects of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: increase in radical scavenger enzyme activity in skeletal muscle. Circulation 111:1763\u20131770","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4610_CR354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2009.08.003","volume":"22","author":"BT Menegali","year":"2009","unstructured":"Menegali BT, Nesi RT, Souza PS, Silva LA, Silveira PC, Valen\u00e7a SS, Pinho RA (2009) The effects of physical exercise on the cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary oxidative response. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 22:567\u2013573","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"4610_CR355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7459612","author":"A Nemmar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nemmar A, Al-Salam S, Yuvaraju P, Beegam S, Ali BH (2018) Exercise training mitigates water pipe smoke exposure-induced pulmonary impairment via inhibiting NF-\u03baB and activating Nrf2 signalling pathways. Oxidative Med Cell Longevity. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/7459612","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longevity"},{"key":"4610_CR356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2005.03.015","volume":"19","author":"VA Pavlov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pavlov VA, Tracey KJ (2005) The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Brain Behav Immun 19:493\u2013499","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"4610_CR357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.189","volume":"8","author":"VA Pavlov","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pavlov VA, Tracey KJ (2012) The vagus nerve and the inflammatory reflex\u2014linking immunity and metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 8:743\u2013754","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"4610_CR358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02839.x","volume":"141","author":"NA Skinner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Skinner NA, MacIsaac C, Hamilton JA, Visvanathan K (2005) Regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 on CD14dimCD16+ monocytes in response to sepsis-related antigens. Clin Exp Immunol 141:270\u2013278","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2008.09.013","volume":"23","author":"RJ Simpson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simpson RJ, McFarlin BK, McSporran C, Spielmann G, Hartaigh B, Guy K (2009) Toll-like receptor expression on classic and pro-inflammatory blood monocytes after acute exercise in humans. Brain Behavior Immunity 23:232\u2013239","journal-title":"Brain Behavior Immunity"},{"key":"4610_CR360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2005.022095","volume":"40","author":"S Yeh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yeh S, Chuang H, Lin L, Hsiao C, Eng H (2006) Regular tai chi chuan exercise enhances functional mobility and CD4CD25 regulatory T cells. Br J Sports Med 40:239\u2013243","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"4610_CR361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.043562","volume":"43","author":"S Yeh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yeh S, Chuang H, Lin L, Hsiao C, Wang P, Liu R, Yang K (2009) Regular tai chi chuan exercise improves T cell helper function of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with an increase in T-bet transcription factor and IL-12 production. Br J Sports Med 43:845\u2013850","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"4610_CR362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070691","volume":"8","author":"O Mee-Inta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mee-Inta O, Zhao Z-W, Kuo Y-M (2019) Physical exercise inhibits inflammation and microglial activation. Cells 8:691","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"4610_CR363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2013","volume":"94","author":"M Pekny","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pekny M, Pekna M (2014) Astrocyte reactivity and reactive astrogliosis: costs and benefits. Physiol Rev 94:1077\u20131098","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8913","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.19.8913-8921.2000","volume":"74","author":"N Arbour","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arbour N, Day R, Newcombe J, Talbot PJ (2000) Neuroinvasion by human respiratory coronaviruses. J Virol 74:8913\u20138921","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"4610_CR365","first-page":"1165","volume":"27","author":"Y Ge","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ge Y (2006) Multiple sclerosis: the role of MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 27:1165\u20131176","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"4610_CR366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00409","volume":"11","author":"Y Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi Y, Liu T, Nieman DC, Cui Y, Li F, Yang L, Shi H, Chen P (2020) Aerobic exercise attenuates acute lung injury through NET inhibition. Front Immunol 11:409","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32834b6af4","volume":"17","author":"TJ Dwyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dwyer TJ, Elkins MR, Bye PT (2011) The role of exercise in maintaining health in cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 17:455\u2013460","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"4610_CR368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.15e22.x","volume":"15","author":"W Nikolaizik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nikolaizik W, Simon H, Iseli P, Blaser K, Schoni M (2000) Effect of 3 weeks\u2019 rehabilitation on neutrophil surface antigens and lung function in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 15:942\u2013948","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"4610_CR369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scispo.2017.06.009","volume":"33","author":"N Feter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feter N, Freitas M, Gonzales N, Umpierre D, Cardoso R, Rombaldi A (2018) Effects of physical exercise on myelin sheath regeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Sports 33:8\u201321","journal-title":"Sci Sports"},{"key":"4610_CR370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.04.003","volume":"39","author":"SK Jensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jensen SK, Yong VW (2016) Activity-dependent and experience-driven myelination provide new directions for the management of multiple sclerosis. Trends Neurosci 39:356\u2013365","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"4610_CR371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2735","volume":"15","author":"VA Rafalski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rafalski VA, Ho PP, Brett JO, Ucar D, Dugas JC, Pollina EA, Chow LM, Ibrahim A, Baker SJ, Barres BA (2013) Expansion of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells following SIRT1 inactivation in the adult brain. Nat Cell Biol 15:614\u2013624","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.09.024","volume":"127","author":"J St-Pierre","year":"2006","unstructured":"St-Pierre J, Drori S, Uldry M, Silvaggi JM, Rhee J, J\u00e4ger S, Handschin C, Zheng K, Lin J, Yang W (2006) Suppression of reactive oxygen species and neurodegeneration by the PGC-1 transcriptional coactivators. Cell 127:397\u2013408","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4610_CR373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12281","volume":"38","author":"A Camacho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Camacho A, Huang JK, Delint-Ramirez I, Yew Tan C, Fuller M, Lelliott CJ, Vidal-Puig A, Franklin RJ (2013) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1 alpha coordinates sphingolipid metabolism, lipid raft composition and myelin protein synthesis. Eur J Neurosci 38:2672\u20132683","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"4610_CR374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(01)00136-4","volume":"34","author":"JM Greer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Greer JM, Lees MB (2002) Myelin proteolipid protein\u2014the first 50 years. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 34:211\u2013215","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7850","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4380-14.2015","volume":"35","author":"K Michel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Michel K, Zhao T, Karl M, Lewis K, Fyffe-Maricich SL (2015) Translational control of myelin basic protein expression by ERK2 MAP kinase regulates timely remyelination in the adult brain. J Neurosci 35:7850\u20137865","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4610_CR376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.10.006","volume":"26","author":"RA Kohman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kohman RA, DeYoung EK, Bhattacharya TK, Peterson LN, Rhodes JS (2012) Wheel running attenuates microglia proliferation and increases expression of a proneurogenic phenotype in the hippocampus of aged mice. Brain Behav Immun 26:803\u2013810","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"4610_CR377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6435","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5925-11.2012","volume":"32","author":"J Vukovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vukovic J, Colditz MJ, Blackmore DG, Ruitenberg MJ, Bartlett PF (2012) Microglia modulate hippocampal neural precursor activity in response to exercise and aging. J Neurosci 32:6435\u20136443","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4610_CR378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2015.99","volume":"94","author":"NP Walsh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Walsh NP, Oliver SJ (2016) Exercise, immune function and respiratory infection: an update on the influence of training and environmental stress. Immunol Cell Biol 94:132\u2013139","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"4610_CR379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200208000-00003","volume":"34","author":"CE Matthews","year":"2002","unstructured":"Matthews CE, Ockene IS, Freedson PS, Rosal MC, Merriam PA, Hebert JR (2002) Moderate to vigorous physical activity and risk of upper-respiratory tract infection. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34:1242\u20131248","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"4610_CR380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-002-0609-1","volume":"87","author":"P Klentrou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klentrou P, Cieslak T, MacNeil M, Vintinner A, Plyley M (2002) Effect of moderate exercise on salivary immunoglobulin A and infection risk in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 87:153\u2013158","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR381","first-page":"55","volume":"13","author":"K Shimizu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shimizu K, Kimura F, Akimoto T, Akama T, Otsuki T, Nishijima T, Kuno S, Kono I (2007) Effects of exercise, age and gender on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A in elderly individuals. Exerc Immunol Rev 13:55\u201366","journal-title":"Exerc Immunol Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR382","first-page":"97","volume":"12","author":"T Lowder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lowder T, Padgett DA, Woods JA (2006) Moderate exercise early after influenza virus infection reduces the Th1 inflammatory response in lungs of mice. Exerc Immunol Rev 12:97\u2013111","journal-title":"Exerc Immunol Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e3181b7b57b","volume":"37","author":"SA Martin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Martin SA, Pence BD, Woods JA (2009) Exercise and respiratory tract viral infections. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 37:157","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"4610_CR384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000149808.38194.21","volume":"37","author":"DC Nieman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nieman DC, Henson DA, Austin MD, Brown VA (2005) Immune response to a 30-minute walk. Med Sci Sports Exerc 37:57\u201362","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"4610_CR385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1139\/y98-046","volume":"76","author":"RJ Shephard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shephard RJ (1998) Immune changes induced by exercise in an adverse environment. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 76:539\u2013546","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"4610_CR386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-014-8517-0","volume":"58","author":"FS Dhabhar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dhabhar FS (2014) Effects of stress on immune function: the good, the bad, and the beautiful. Immunol Res 58:193\u2013210","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"4610_CR387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12781","volume":"47","author":"BK Pedersen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pedersen BK (2017) Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Invest 47:600\u2013611","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"4610_CR388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.10.030","volume":"39","author":"AB Bigley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bigley AB, Rezvani K, Chew C, Sekine T, Pistillo M, Crucian B, Bollard CM, Simpson RJ (2014) Acute exercise preferentially redeploys NK-cells with a highly-differentiated phenotype and augments cytotoxicity against lymphoma and multiple myeloma target cells. Brain Behav Immun 39:160\u2013171","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"4610_CR389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.01.002","volume":"25","author":"GR Adams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adams GR, Zaldivar FP, Nance DM, Kodesh E, Radom-Aizik S, Cooper DM (2011) Exercise and leukocyte interchange among central circulation, lung, spleen, and muscle. Brain Behav Immun 25:658\u2013666","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"4610_CR390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00648","volume":"9","author":"JP Campbell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campbell JP, Turner JE (2018) Debunking the myth of exercise-induced immune suppression: redefining the impact of exercise on immunological health across the lifespan. Front Immunol 9:648","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.06.033","volume":"119","author":"J Chubak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chubak J, McTiernan A, Sorensen B, Wener MH, Yasui Y, Velasquez M, Wood B, Rajan KB, Wetmore CM, Potter JD (2006) Moderate-intensity exercise reduces the incidence of colds among postmenopausal women. Am J med 119:937\u2013942","journal-title":"Am J med"},{"key":"4610_CR392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0197778","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197778","volume":"13","author":"B Barrett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barrett B, Hayney MS, Muller D, Rakel D, Brown R, Zgierska AE, Barlow S, Hayer S, Barnet JH, Torres ER (2018) Meditation or exercise for preventing acute respiratory infection (MEPARI-2): a randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE 13:e0197778","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4610_CR393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1159\/000488953","volume":"10","author":"TS Durigon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Durigon TS, MacKenzie B, Oliveira-Junior MC, Santos-Dias A, De Angelis K, Malfitano C, Palma RK, Guerra JM, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Caldini EG (2018) Aerobic exercise protects from Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia in elderly mice. J Innate Immun 10:279\u2013290","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"4610_CR394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00290.2014","volume":"117","author":"CR Olivo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olivo CR, Miyaji EN, Oliveira MLS, Almeida FM, Louren\u00e7o JD, Abreu RM, Arantes PM, Lopes FD, Martins MA (2014) Aerobic exercise attenuates pulmonary inflammation induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Appl Physiol 117:998\u20131007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000142","volume":"46","author":"PT Williams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williams PT (2014) Dose-response relationship between exercise and respiratory disease mortality. Med Sci Sports Exerc 46:711","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"4610_CR396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2018.09.009","volume":"8","author":"DC Nieman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nieman DC, Wentz LM (2019) The compelling link between physical activity and the body\u2019s defense system. J Sport Health Sci 8:201\u2013217","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR397","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18319-6","volume":"11","author":"J Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang J, Petitjean SJ, Koehler M, Zhang Q, Dumitru AC, Chen W, Derclaye S, Vincent SP, Soumillion P, Alsteens D (2020) Molecular interaction and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 binding to the ACE2 receptor. Nat Commun 11:1\u201310","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4610_CR398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2012.05.024","volume":"38","author":"GG Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es GG, Santos SH, Oliveira ML, Pimenta-Velloso EP, Motta DF, Martins AS, Alenina N, Bader M, Santos RA, Campagnole-Santos MJ (2012) Exercise induces renin\u2013angiotensin system unbalance and high collagen expression in the heart of mas-deficient mice. Peptides 38:54\u201361","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"4610_CR399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216665174","volume":"242","author":"LO Prata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prata LO, Rodrigues CR, Martins JM, Vasconcelos PC, Oliveira FMS, Ferreira AJ, Rodrigues-Machado MdG, Caliari MV (2017) ACE2 activator associated with physical exercise potentiates the reduction of pulmonary fibrosis. Exp Biol Med 242:8\u201321","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"4610_CR400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03208","volume":"6","author":"DM Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es DM, Nunes-Silva A, Rocha GC, Vaz LN, de Faria MHS, Vieira ELM, Rocha NP, e Silva ACS (2020) Two protocols of aerobic exercise modulate the counter-regulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system. Heliyon 6:e03208","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"4610_CR401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20180276","volume":"132","author":"EDC Frantz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frantz EDC, Prodel E, Braz ID, Giori IG, Bargut TCL, Magliano DAC, Nobrega ACL (2018) Modulation of the renin\u2013angiotensin system in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle: focus on exercise training. Clin Sci 132:1487\u20131507","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866524666170728151401","volume":"24","author":"A Nunes-Silva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nunes-Silva A, Rocha GC, Magalhaes DM, Vaz LN, de Salviano Faria MH, Simoes e Silva AC (2017) Physical exercise and ACE2-angiotensin-(1\u20137)-mas receptor axis of the renin angiotensin system. Protein Peptide Lett 24:809\u2013816","journal-title":"Protein Peptide Lett"},{"key":"4610_CR403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.682432","volume":"12","author":"U Tyrankiewicz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tyrankiewicz U, Olkowicz M, Berkowicz P, Jablonska M, Smolenski RT, Zoladz JA, Chlopicki S (2021) Physical activity and inhibition of ACE additively modulate ACE\/ACE-2 balance in heart failure in mice. Front Pharmacol 12:1207","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4610_CR404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320318761725","author":"CR Alves","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alves CR, Fernandes T, Lemos JR Jr, Magalhaes FdC, Trombetta IC, Alves GB, Mota GdFAd, Dias RG, Pereira AC, Krieger JE (2018) Aerobic exercise training differentially affects ACE C-and N-domain activities in humans: interactions with ACE I\/D polymorphism and association with vascular reactivity. J Ren-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1470320318761725","journal-title":"J Ren-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"4610_CR405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-12-0341","volume":"216","author":"R Santos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Santos R, Ferreira AJ, Verano-Braga T, Bader M (2013) Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1\u20137) and Mas: new players of the renin-angiotensin system. J Endocrinol 216:R1\u2013R17","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"4610_CR406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0189535","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189535","volume":"12","author":"SD Silva Jr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silva SD Jr, Jara ZP, Peres R, Lima LS, Scavone C, Montezano AC, Touyz RM, Casarini DE, Michelini LC (2017) Temporal changes in cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and remodeling induced by exercise in hypertension: role for local angiotensin II reduction. PLoS ONE 12:e0189535","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4610_CR407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.08.093","volume":"426","author":"M Prasannarong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Prasannarong M, Santos FR, Henriksen EJ (2012) ANG-(1\u20137) reduces ANG II-induced insulin resistance by enhancing Akt phosphorylation via a Mas receptor-dependent mechanism in rat skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 426:369\u2013373","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"4610_CR408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2012.04.001","volume":"177","author":"MC Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz MC, Giani JF, Burghi V, Mayer MA, Carranza A, Taira CA, Dominici FP (2012) The Mas receptor mediates modulation of insulin signaling by angiotensin-(1\u20137). Regul Pept 177:1\u201311","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"key":"4610_CR409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L156","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00313.2002","volume":"286","author":"RP Marshall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marshall RP, Gohlke P, Chambers RC, Howell DC, Bottoms SE, Unger T, McAnulty RJ, Laurent GJ (2004) Angiotensin II and the fibroproliferative response to acute lung injury. Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol 286:L156\u2013L164","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.561403","volume":"11","author":"FS Evangelista","year":"2020","unstructured":"Evangelista FS (2020) Physical exercise and the renin angiotensin system: prospects in the COVID-19. Front Physiol 11:1282","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02416-2019","author":"J Sandoval","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sandoval J, Del Valle-Mondrag\u00f3n L, Masso F, Zayas N, Pulido T, Teijeiro R, Gonzalez-Pacheco H, Olmedo-Ocampo R, Sisniega C, Paez-Arenas A (2020) Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin (1\u20137) axis in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.02416-2019","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"4610_CR412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.109835","volume":"142","author":"KS Heffernan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heffernan KS, Jae SY (2020) Exercise as medicine for COVID-19: An ACE in the hole? Med Hypotheses 142:109835","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"4610_CR413","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.059","volume":"132","author":"SE Shoelson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shoelson SE, Herrero L, Naaz A (2007) Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Gastroenterology 132:2169\u20132180","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4610_CR414","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.5717\/jenb.2014.18.4.339","volume":"18","author":"J Cho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cho J, Lee I, Kim D, Koh Y, Kong J, Lee S, Kang H (2014) Effect of aerobic exercise training on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a high fat diet in C57BL\/6 mice. J Exerc Nutr Biochem 18:339","journal-title":"J Exerc Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"4610_CR415","first-page":"811","volume":"66","author":"E Murawska-Cialowicz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murawska-Cialowicz E, Wojna J, Zuwala-Jagiello J (2015) Crossfit training changes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin levels at rest, after wingate and progressive tests, and improves aerobic capacity and body composition of young physically active men and women. J Physiol Pharmacol 66:811\u2013821","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"4610_CR416","first-page":"23","volume":"2","author":"J Barfield","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barfield J, Anderson A (2014) Effect of crossfit\u2122 on health-related physical fitness: a pilot study. J Sport Human Perform 2:23\u201328","journal-title":"J Sport Human Perform"},{"key":"4610_CR417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3390\/sports6040146","volume":"6","author":"MF Brisebois","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brisebois MF, Rigby BR, Nichols DL (2018) Physiological and fitness adaptations after eight weeks of high-intensity functional training in physically inactive adults. Sports 6:146","journal-title":"Sports"},{"key":"4610_CR418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.239566","volume":"591","author":"M Cocks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cocks M, Shaw CS, Shepherd SO, Fisher JP, Ranasinghe AM, Barker TA, Tipton KD, Wagenmakers AJ (2013) Sprint interval and endurance training are equally effective in increasing muscle microvascular density and eNOS content in sedentary males. J Physiol 591:641\u2013656","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.240952","volume":"591","author":"SO Shepherd","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shepherd SO, Cocks M, Tipton K, Ranasinghe AM, Barker TA, Burniston JG, Wagenmakers AJ, Shaw CS (2013) Sprint interval and traditional endurance training increase net intramuscular triglyceride breakdown and expression of perilipin 2 and 5. J Physiol 591:657\u2013675","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.188011","volume":"588","author":"B Egan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Egan B, Carson BP, Garcia-Roves PM, Chibalin AV, Sarsfield FM, Barron N, McCaffrey N, Moyna NM, Zierath JR, O\u2019Gorman DJ (2010) Exercise intensity-dependent regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 coactivator-1\u03b1 mRNA abundance is associated with differential activation of upstream signalling kinases in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 588:1779\u20131790","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00221.x","volume":"528","author":"JF Wojtaszewski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wojtaszewski JF, Nielsen P, Hansen BF, Richter EA, Kiens B (2000) Isoform-specific and exercise intensity-dependent activation of 5\u2032-AMP-activated protein kinase in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 528:221\u2013226","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36642","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M707006200","volume":"282","author":"AR Wende","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wende AR, Schaeffer PJ, Parker GJ, Zechner C, Han D-H, Chen MM, Hancock CR, Lehman JJ, Huss JM, McClain DA (2007) A role for the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1\u03b1 in muscle refueling. J Biol Chem 282:36642\u201336651","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4610_CR423","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80611-X","volume":"98","author":"Z Wu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wu Z, Puigserver P, Andersson U, Zhang C, Adelmant G, Mootha V, Troy A, Cinti S, Lowell B, Scarpulla RC (1999) Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC-1. Cell 98:115\u2013124","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4610_CR424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.11.026","volume":"507","author":"S Yoshimura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yoshimura S, Nakashima S, Tomiga Y, Kawakami S, Uehara Y, Higaki Y (2018) Short-and long-term effects of high-fat diet feeding and voluntary exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 507:291\u2013296","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"4610_CR425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R800031-JLR200","volume":"50","author":"R Zechner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zechner R, Kienesberger PC, Haemmerle G, Zimmermann R, Lass A (2009) Adipose triglyceride lipase and the lipolytic catabolism of cellular fat stores. J Lipid Res 50:3\u201321","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"4610_CR426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.23037","volume":"227","author":"R Marinho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Marinho R, Ropelle ER, Cintra DE, De Souza CT, Da Silva ASR, Bertoli FC, Colantonio E, D\u2019Almeida V, Pauli JR (2012) Endurance exercise training increases APPL1 expression and improves insulin signaling in the hepatic tissue of diet-induced obese mice, independently of weight loss. J Cell Physiol 227:2917\u20132926","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR427","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21025","volume":"113","author":"M Watanabe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Watanabe M, Houten SM, Wang L, Moschetta A, Mangelsdorf DJ, Heyman RA, Moore DD, Auwerx J (2004) Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving FXR, SHP, and SREBP-1c. J Clin Investig 113:1408\u20131418","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"4610_CR428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2020.1829649","author":"M Motahari Rad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Motahari Rad M, Bijeh N, Attarzadeh Hosseini SR, Raouf Saeb A (2020) The effect of two concurrent exercise modalities on serum concentrations of FGF21, irisin, follistatin, and myostatin in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Physiol Biochem. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13813455.2020.1829649","journal-title":"Arch Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"4610_CR429","first-page":"157","volume":"60","author":"B Czarkowska-Paczek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Czarkowska-Paczek B, Zendzian-Piotrowska M, Bartlomiejczyk I, Przybylski J, Gorski J (2009) The effect of acute and prolonged endurance exercise on transforming growth factor-beta1 generation in rat skeletal and heart muscle. J physiol pharmacol 60:157\u2013162","journal-title":"J physiol pharmacol"},{"key":"4610_CR430","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E171","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00065.2013","volume":"305","author":"JJ Hulmi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hulmi JJ, Oliveira BM, Silvennoinen M, Hoogaars WM, Pasternack A, Kainulainen H, Ritvos O (2013) Exercise restores decreased physical activity levels and increases markers of autophagy and oxidative capacity in myostatin\/activin-blocked mdx mice. Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metabol 305:E171\u2013E182","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"4610_CR431","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X20143869","volume":"47","author":"R Silva","year":"2014","unstructured":"Silva R, Bueno P, Av\u00f3 L, Nonaka K, Selistre-Ara\u00fajo H, Leal A (2014) Effect of physical training on liver expression of activin A and follistatin in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model in rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 47:746\u2013752","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"4610_CR432","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653179","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.653179","volume":"12","author":"S Pervin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pervin S, Reddy ST, Singh R (2021) Novel roles of follistatin\/myostatin in transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling and adipose browning: Potential for therapeutic intervention in obesity related metabolic disorders. Front Endocrinol 12:653179","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"4610_CR433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.5.1315","volume":"118","author":"K Hakala","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hakala K, Stenius-Aarniala B, Sovija A (2000) Effects of weight loss on peak flow variability, airways obstruction, and lung volumes in obese patients with asthma. Chest 118:1315\u20131321","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.6.2046","volume":"125","author":"SD Aaron","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aaron SD, Fergusson D, Dent R, Chen Y, Vandemheen KL, Dales RE (2004) Effect of weight reduction on respiratory function and airway reactivity in obese women. Chest 125:2046\u20132052","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.14-3105","volume":"147","author":"S Pakhale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pakhale S, Baron J, Dent R, Vandemheen K, Aaron SD (2015) Effects of weight loss on airway responsiveness in obese adults with asthma: does weight loss lead to reversibility of asthma? Chest 147:1582\u20131590","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4610_CR436","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0473","volume":"41","author":"U Peters","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peters U, Hernandez P, Dechman G, Ellsmere J, Maksym G (2016) Early detection of changes in lung mechanics with oscillometry following bariatric surgery in severe obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41:538\u2013547","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"4610_CR437","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.44.5.382","volume":"44","author":"P Thomas","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thomas P, Cowen E, Hulands G, Milledge J (1989) Respiratory function in the morbidly obese before and after weight loss. Thorax 44:382\u2013386","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"4610_CR438","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M453","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.8.M453","volume":"55","author":"CJ Womack","year":"2000","unstructured":"Womack CJ, Harris DL, Katzel LI, Hagberg JM, Bleecker ER, Goldberg AP (2000) Weight loss, not aerobic exercise, improves pulmonary function in older obese men. J Gerontol A 55:M453\u2013M457","journal-title":"J Gerontol A"},{"key":"4610_CR439","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12368","volume":"19","author":"DG Chapman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chapman DG, Irvin CG, Kaminsky DA, Forgione PM, Bates JH, Dixon AE (2014) Influence of distinct asthma phenotypes on lung function following weight loss in the obese. Respirology 19:1170\u20131177","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"4610_CR440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.06.009","volume":"128","author":"AE Dixon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dixon AE, Pratley RE, Forgione PM, Kaminsky DA, Whittaker-Leclair LA, Griffes LA, Garudathri J, Raymond D, Poynter ME, Bunn JY (2011) Effects of obesity and bariatric surgery on airway hyperresponsiveness, asthma control, and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 128:508\u2013515","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"4610_CR441","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103557","author":"O Razi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razi O, Tartibian B, Teixeira AM, Zamani N, Govindasamy K, Suzuki K, Laher I, Zouhal H (2022) Thermal dysregulation in patients with multiple sclerosis during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential therapeutic role of exercise. Mult scler relat disord. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103557","journal-title":"Mult scler relat disord"},{"key":"4610_CR442","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.02.002","volume":"196","author":"JD P\u00e9riard","year":"2016","unstructured":"P\u00e9riard JD, Travers GJ, Racinais S, Sawka MN (2016) Cardiovascular adaptations supporting human exercise-heat acclimation. Auton Neurosci 196:52\u201362","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"key":"4610_CR443","unstructured":"Nadel E (1988) Temperature regulation and prolonged exercise. Prolonged exercise."},{"key":"4610_CR444","volume-title":"Diabetes and its complications","author":"R Takeda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takeda R, Okazaki K (2018) Body temperature regulation during exercise and hyperthermia in diabetics. In: Ahmed RG (ed) Diabetes and its complications. London"},{"key":"4610_CR445","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971967","author":"J Werner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Werner J (1993) Temperature regulation during exercise: an overview. Exercise, heat thermoregul. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-971967","journal-title":"Exercise, heat thermoregul"},{"key":"4610_CR446","first-page":"349","volume":"14","author":"R Geor","year":"1996","unstructured":"Geor R, McCutcheon L (1996) Influence of training on exercise-associated heat tolerance in thoroughbred horses. J Sports Sci 14:349\u2013349","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"4610_CR447","first-page":"967","volume-title":"Comprehensive physiology","author":"LB Rowell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rowell LB (2011) Cardiovascular adjustments to thermal stress. In: Rowell LB (ed) Comprehensive physiology. Wiley, pp 967\u20131023"},{"key":"4610_CR448","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0996-x","volume":"51","author":"F Moien-Afshari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moien-Afshari F, Ghosh S, Khazaei M, Kieffer T, Brownsey R, Laher I (2008) Exercise restores endothelial function independently of weight loss or hyperglycaemic status in db\/db mice. Diabetologia 51:1327\u20131337","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"4610_CR449","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00293.2005","volume":"99","author":"CR Woodman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Woodman CR, Thompson MA, Turk JR, Laughlin MH (2005) Endurance exercise training improves endothelium-dependent relaxation in brachial arteries from hypercholesterolemic male pigs. J Appl Physiol 99:1412\u20131421","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR450","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00767.2003","volume":"96","author":"CR Woodman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Woodman CR, Turk JR, Rush JW, Laughlin MH (2004) Exercise attenuates the effects of hypercholesterolemia on endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary arteries from adult female pigs. J Appl Physiol 96:1105\u20131113","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR451","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5978","volume":"22","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Li X, Pitzer AL, Chen Y, Wang L, Li P-L (2015) Coronary endothelial dysfunction induced by nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein with pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation during hypercholesterolemia: beyond inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 22:1084\u20131096","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"4610_CR452","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4985","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.233106","volume":"590","author":"ML Ellsworth","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ellsworth ML, Sprague RS (2012) Regulation of blood flow distribution in skeletal muscle: role of erythrocyte-released ATP. J Physiol 590:4985\u20134991","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR453","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.1.6","volume":"98","author":"Y Hellsten","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hellsten Y, Maclean D, Gr R, Saltin B, Bangsbo J (1998) Adenosine concentrations in the interstitium of resting and contracting human skeletal muscle. Circulation 98:6\u20138","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4610_CR454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.67.060603.090918","volume":"67","author":"DJ Singel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Singel DJ, Stamler JS (2005) Chemical physiology of blood flow regulation by red blood cells: the role of nitric oxide and S-nitrosohemoglobin. Annu Rev Physiol 67:99","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR455","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-013-9381-4","volume":"9","author":"G Burnstock","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burnstock G, Arnett TR, Orriss IR (2013) Purinergic signalling in the musculoskeletal system. Purinergic Signal 9:541\u2013572","journal-title":"Purinergic Signal"},{"key":"4610_CR456","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000025743","volume":"37","author":"U Frandsen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frandsen U, Bangsbo J, Langberg H, Saltin B, Hellsten Y (2000) Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis by systemic NG-monomethyl-L-arginine administration in humans: effects on interstitial adenosine, prostacyclin and potassium concentrations in resting and contracting skeletal muscle. J Vasc Res 37:297\u2013302","journal-title":"J Vasc Res"},{"key":"4610_CR457","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6297","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.240762","volume":"590","author":"Y Hellsten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hellsten Y, Nyberg M, Jensen L, Mortensen S (2012) Vasodilator interactions in skeletal muscle blood flow regulation. J Physiol 590:6297\u20136305","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR458","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.4.925","volume":"35","author":"A Huang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Huang A, Sun D, Koller A (2000) Shear stress\u2013induced release of prostaglandin H2 in arterioles of hypertensive rats. Hypertension 35:925\u2013930","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"4610_CR459","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1140","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90822.2008","volume":"296","author":"SP Mortensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mortensen SP, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J, Bune LT, Saltin B, Pilegaard H, Hellsten Y (2009) ATP-induced vasodilation and purinergic receptors in the human leg: roles of nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and adenosine. Am J Physiol-Regulatory, Integr Comparative Physiol 296:R1140\u2013R1148","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Regulatory, Integr Comparative Physiol"},{"key":"4610_CR460","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.130880","volume":"53","author":"SP Mortensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mortensen SP, Nyberg M, Thaning P, Saltin B, Hellsten Y (2009) Adenosine contributes to blood flow regulation in the exercising human leg by increasing prostaglandin and nitric oxide formation. Hypertension 53:993\u2013999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"4610_CR461","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00725.2010","volume":"109","author":"S Lorenzo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lorenzo S, Minson CT (2010) Heat acclimation improves cutaneous vascular function and sweating in trained cyclists. J Appl Physiol 109:1736\u20131743","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"}],"container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11010-022-04610-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11010-022-04610-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11010-022-04610-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T18:19:43Z","timestamp":1684952383000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11010-022-04610-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"references-count":461,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-022-04610-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8177","1573-4919"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0300-8177"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-4919"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"No applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"No applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Authors consent for the publication of the manuscript.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publication"}}]}}