{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T07:51:26Z","timestamp":1740124286972,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006752","name":"Universidade do Porto","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Med Health Care and Philos"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Some philosophical and metaethical theories have tried to provide a fundamental background for bioethics but miss the fundamental question about what medicine is, its nature and its end. We argue that the philosophy of medicine, through the development that Edmund Pellegrino and David Thomasma gave to this field of study, allied with Aristotle\u2019s practical and teleological ethics, can provide an ontological background for bioethics beyond the tradition of principles and deontology, with particular emphasis on the uniqueness of the doctor-patient encounter. Some difficulties and criticisms of this ontological model are also examined.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-024-10239-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1732708130000},"page":"113-119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ontology of doctor and patient relationship and bioethics: from Aristotle\u2019s teleology to Pellegrino\u2019s philosophy of medicine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5998-3086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Ribeiro Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0874-689X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9rico","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1377-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10239_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anagnostopoulos, Georgios. 2009. A Companion to Aristotle. Edited by Georgios Anagnostopoulos. Wiley. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781444305661","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444305661"},{"key":"10239_CR2","unstructured":"Aristotle. 2009. The Nicomachean Ethics Trans. David Ross. Edited by Lesley Brown. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"10239_CR3","volume-title":"Principles of Biomedical Ethics","author":"Tom Beauchamp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beauchamp, Tom, James Childress. 2019. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 8th ed. New York: Oxford University Press.","edition":"8"},{"key":"10239_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00489220","volume":"13","author":"Arthur Caplan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Caplan, Arthur. 1992. Does the philosophy of Medicine Exist? Theoretical Medicine 13: 67\u201377.","journal-title":"Theoretical Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10239_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s11017-019-09486-9","volume":"40","author":"Matthew DeCamp","year":"2019","unstructured":"DeCamp, Matthew. 2019. Toward a pellegrino-inspired theory of value in Health Care. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 40(3): 231\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11017-019-09486-9","journal-title":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics"},{"key":"10239_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/15.3.237","volume":"15","author":"HTristam Engelhardt Jr","year":"1990","unstructured":"Engelhardt Jr, H.Tristam. 1990. The birth of the Medical Humanities and the rebirth of the philosophy of Medicine: The vision of Edmund D. Pellegrino. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 15: 237\u2013241.","journal-title":"The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10239_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhab004","volume":"46","author":"IT Genuis, Quentin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Genuis, Quentin, I. T. 2021. A genealogy of autonomy: Freedom, Paternalism, and the future of the doctor-patient relationship. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (United Kingdom) 46(3): 330\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmp\/jhab004","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (United Kingdom)"},{"key":"10239_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6487.44","volume":"291","author":"Raanan Gillon","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gillon, Raanan. 1985. Beneficience: Doing good for others. British Medical Journal 291: 44\u201345.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"10239_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005730108133","volume":"18","author":"George Khushf","year":"1997","unstructured":"Khushf, George. 1997. Why Bioethics need the philosophy of Medicine: Some implications of reflection on concepts of Health and Disease. Theoretical Medicine 18: 145\u2013163.","journal-title":"Theoretical Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10239_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/jhz027","volume":"44","author":"Loretta M Kopelman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kopelman, Loretta M. 2019. On Pellegrino and Thomasma\u2019s admission of a Dilemma and Inconsistency. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 44(6): 677\u2013697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jmp\/jhz027","journal-title":"The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy"},{"key":"10239_CR11","unstructured":"MacIntyre, Alasdair. 2007. After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory. Third edition. London: Duckworth."},{"issue":"4","key":"10239_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11406-018-0035-1","volume":"47","author":"Rajakishore Nath","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nath, Rajakishore. 2019. Can Ethics be without Ontology? Wittgenstein and Putnam. Philosophia (United States) 47(4): 1215\u20131225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11406-018-0035-1","journal-title":"Philosophia (United States)"},{"key":"10239_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00489730","volume":"6","author":"David Ozar","year":"1985","unstructured":"Ozar, David. 1985. Social Ethics, the philosophy of Medicine and Professional Responsabiliity. Theoretical Medicine 6: 281\u2013294.","journal-title":"Theoretical Medicine"},{"key":"10239_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009926629039","volume":"19","author":"Edmund Pellegrino","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pellegrino, Edmund. 1998. What the Philosophy of Medicine is. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 19: 315\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1009926629039","journal-title":"Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10239_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1353\/ken.2001.0015","volume":"11","author":"Edmund Pellegrino","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pellegrino, Edmund. 2001a. Philosophy of Medicine: Should it be teleologically or socially construed? Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 11(2): 169\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/ken.2001.0015","journal-title":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10239_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1076\/jmep.26.6.559.2998","volume":"26","author":"Edmund Pellegrino","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pellegrino, Edmund. 2001b. The Internal Morality of Clinical Medicine: A paradigm for the Ethics of the Helping and Healing professions. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 26(6): 559\u2013579.","journal-title":"Journal of Medicine and Philosophy"},{"key":"10239_CR17","unstructured":"Pellegrino, Edmund, and David Thomasma. 1981. A philosophical basis of Medical Practice. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"10239_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780674042391","volume-title":"Ethics without Ontology","author":"Hilary Putnam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Putnam, Hilary. 2005. Ethics without Ontology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press."},{"key":"10239_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Reynolds, Joel Michael. 2018. Renewing Medicine\u2019s Basic concepts: On ambiguity. Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine 13(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13010-018-0061-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13010-018-0061-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"10239_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.0.0032","volume":"51","author":"Jeremy Simon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simon, Jeremy. 2008. Constructive realism and medicine: An Approach to Medical Ontology. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 51(3): 353\u2013366.","journal-title":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"10239_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-004-6469-1","volume":"7","author":"William Stempsey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stempsey, William. 2004. The philosophy of Medicine: Development of a Discipline. Health Care and Philosophy 7: 243\u2013251.","journal-title":"Health Care and Philosophy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10239_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-023-10170-y","volume":"26","author":"Chris A Suijker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suijker, Chris A. 2023. Foucault and Medicine: Challenging normative claims. Medicine Health Care and Philosophy 26(4): 539\u2013548. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11019-023-10170-y","journal-title":"Medicine Health Care and Philosophy"},{"key":"10239_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.6.4.190","volume":"6","author":"David Thomasma","year":"1980","unstructured":"Thomasma, David. 1980. A philosophy of a clinically based Medical Ethics. Journal of Medical Ethics 6: 190\u2013196.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"10239_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00886339","volume":"2","author":"David Thomasma","year":"1981","unstructured":"Thomasma, David, Edmund Pellegrino. 1981. Philosophy of Medicine as the source for Medical Ethics. Metamedicine 2: 5\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00886339","journal-title":"Metamedicine"},{"key":"10239_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00539755","volume":"8","author":"David Thomasma","year":"1987","unstructured":"Thomasma, David, Edmund Pellegrino. 1987. Challenges for a philosophy of Medicine of the future: A response to fellow philosophers in the Netherlands. Theoretical Medicine 8: 187\u2013204.","journal-title":"Theoretical Medicine"},{"key":"10239_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/jmp\/15.3.245","volume":"15","author":"David Thomasma","year":"1990","unstructured":"Thomasma, David. 1990. Establishing the Moral basis of Medicine: Edmund D. Pellegrino\u00b4s Philosophy of Medicine. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 15: 245\u2013267. http:\/\/jmp.oxfordjournals.org\/","journal-title":"The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy"},{"key":"10239_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005726024062","volume":"18","author":"David Thomasma","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thomasma, David. 1997. Antifoundationalism and the possibility of a Moral Philosophy of Medicine. Theoretical Medicine 18: 127\u2013143.","journal-title":"Theoretical Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10239_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/ejop.12635","volume":"30","author":"Hikmet Unlu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Unlu, Hikmet. 2022. Dynamis and Energeia in Aristotle\u2019s metaphysics. European Journal of Philosophy 30(1): 17\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejop.12635","journal-title":"European Journal of Philosophy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10239_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1076\/jmep.26.6.621.2996","volume":"26","author":"Robert M Veatch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Veatch, Robert M. 2001. The impossibility of a Morality Internal to Medicine. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 26(6): 621\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/jmep.26.6.621.2996","journal-title":"The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy"},{"key":"10239_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00886344","volume":"2","author":"Caroline Whitbeck","year":"1981","unstructured":"Whitbeck, Caroline. 1981. On the aims of Medicine: Comments on the philosophy of Medicine as the source for Medical Ethics. Metamedicine 2: 35\u201341.","journal-title":"Metamedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10239_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1353\/ken.2001.0008","volume":"11","author":"Kevin Wildes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wildes, Kevin. 2001. The Crisis of Medicine: Philosophy and the Social Construction of Medicine. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal 11(1): 71\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/ken.2001.0008","journal-title":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal"},{"key":"10239_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00489221","volume":"13","author":"Henrik Wulff","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wulff, Henrik. 1992. Philosophy of medicine- from Medical Perspective. Theoretical Medicine 13: 79\u201385.","journal-title":"Theoretical Medicine"}],"container-title":["Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11019-024-10239-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11019-024-10239-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11019-024-10239-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T06:26:20Z","timestamp":1738909580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11019-024-10239-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11019-024-10239-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-7423","1572-8633"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1386-7423"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1572-8633"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 November 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that ethical approval and consent was not necessary as our work did not involve human research. The authors declare that the manuscript was not simultaneously submitted to other journals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare they have no financial interests and no competing interests. The authors declare that this manuscript is solely the work of the listed authors and neither ChatGPT nor any similar artificial intelligence program was used to assist in writing any part of the paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}