{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T12:56:03Z","timestamp":1761310563080},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,17]],"date-time":"2009-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1245196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-009-9138-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,16]],"date-time":"2009-06-16T16:52:24Z","timestamp":1245171144000},"page":"603-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Structure versus function: a topological perspective on immune networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Hart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hugues","family":"Bersini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"9138_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.74.47","volume":"74","author":"R Albert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Albert R, Barab\u00e1si AL (2002) Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Rev Mod Phys 74:47\u201397","journal-title":"Rev Mod Phys"},{"issue":"21","key":"9138_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11149","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.200327197","volume":"97","author":"LA Amaral","year":"2000","unstructured":"Amaral LA, Scala A, Barthelemy M, Stanley HE (2000) Classes of small-world networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97(21):11149\u201311152","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5439","key":"9138_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509","volume":"286","author":"AL Barab\u00e1si","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barab\u00e1si AL, Albert R (1999) Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286(5439):509\u2013512","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9138_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1272","volume":"5","author":"L Barab\u00e1si","year":"2004","unstructured":"Barab\u00e1si L, Oltvai Z (2004) Network biology: understanding the cell\u2019s functional organization. Nat Rev Genet 5:101\u2013113","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"9138_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00496.x","volume":"216","author":"U Behn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Behn U (2007) Idiotypic networks: towards a renaissance? Immunological Reviews 216:142\u2013152","journal-title":"Immunological Reviews"},{"key":"9138_CR6","unstructured":"Bersini H (2002) Self-assertion vs self-recogntion: a tribute to francisco varela. In: Proceedings of ICARIS 2002, pp 107\u2013112"},{"key":"9138_CR7","unstructured":"Bersini H (2003) Revisiting immune networks. In: Proceedings of ECAL 2003, pp 191\u2013198"},{"issue":"3","key":"9138_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2005.12.012","volume":"241","author":"H Bersini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bersini H, Lenaerts T, Santos FC (2006) Growing biological networks: beyond the gene-duplication model. J Theor Biol 241(3):488\u2013505","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"9138_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1995.0239","volume":"177","author":"V Calenbuhr","year":"1995","unstructured":"Calenbuhr V, Bersini H, Stewart J, Varela F (1995) Natural tolerance in a simple immune network. J Theor Biol 177:199\u2013213","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"9138_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1994.1161","volume":"169","author":"J Carneiro","year":"1994","unstructured":"Carneiro J, Stewart J (1994) Rethinking \u201cShape Space\u201d: evidence from simulated docking suggests that steric shape complementarity is not limiting for antibody\u2013antigen recognition and idiotypic interactions. J Theor Biol 169:390\u2013402","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"9138_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1006\/jtbi.1996.0193","volume":"182","author":"J Carneiro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Carneiro J, Coutinho A, Stewart J (1996) A model of the immune network with B-T cell co-operation. II\u2014the simulation of ontogenesis. J Theor Biol 182:531\u2013554","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"9138_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen IR (2007) Real and artificial immune systems: computing the state of the body. Immunol Rev 7:569\u2013574","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2102"},{"key":"9138_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200423396","volume":"114","author":"IR Cohen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cohen IR, Quintana FJ, Mimran A (2004) T-regs in t-cell vaccination: exploring the regulation of regulation. J Clin Invest 114:1227\u20131232","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9138_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coutinho A (2002) Immunology at the crossroads. EMBO Rep 3(11):1008\u20131011","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvf226"},{"key":"9138_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coutinho A (2003) Will the idiotypic network help to solve natural tolerance? Trends Immunol 24(2):53\u201354","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(02)00035-2"},{"key":"9138_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Castro L, Von Zuben F (2000) An evolutionary immune network for data clustering. Proceedings of the VI Brazilian symposium on neural networks (SBRN'00). IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA p 84","DOI":"10.1109\/SBRN.2000.889718"},{"key":"9138_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dorogotsev SN, Mendes JFF (2003) Evolution of networks: from biological nets to the internet and WWW. Oxford University Press, Oxford","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198515906.001.0001"},{"key":"9138_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dilger W (2006) Structural properties of shape-spaces. In: Proceedings of international conference on artificical immune systems (ICARIS), pp 178\u2013192","DOI":"10.1007\/11823940_14"},{"key":"9138_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dilger W, Strangeld S (2006) Properties of the bersini experiment on self-assertion. In: Proceedings of the genetic and evolutionary computation conference (GECCO), pp 95\u2013102","DOI":"10.1145\/1143997.1144015"},{"key":"9138_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frankenstein Z, Alon U, Cohen IR (2006) The immune-body cytokine network defines a social architecture of cell interactions. Biol Direct 1(32):1\u201315","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6150-1-32"},{"key":"9138_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guimer\u00e1 R, Amaral LAN (2005) Functional cartography of complex metabolic networks. Nature 433:895\u2013900","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03288"},{"key":"9138_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han J-DJ, Dupuy D, Bertin N, Cusick M, Vidal M (2005) Effect of sampling on topology predictions of protein\u2013protein interaction networks. Nat Biotechnol 23(7):839\u2013844","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1116"},{"key":"9138_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hart E (2005) Not all balls are round: an investigation of alternative recognition-region shapes. In: Jacob C, Pilat ML, Bentley PJ, Timmis JI (eds) Artificial immune systems, Proceedings of ICARIS 2005, vol 3627. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 9\u201342","DOI":"10.1007\/11536444_3"},{"key":"9138_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hart E (2006) Analysis of a growth model for idiotypic networks. In: ICARIS 2006, Lecture notes in computer science, vol 4163. Springer, Berlin, pp 66\u201380","DOI":"10.1007\/11823940_6"},{"key":"9138_CR25","unstructured":"Hart E, Ross P (2005) The impact of the shape of antibody recognition regions on the emergence of idiotypic networks. Int J Unconventional Comput 1(3):281\u2013313"},{"key":"9138_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hart E, Bersini H, Santos FC (2006) Tolerance vs intolerance: how affinity defines topology in an idiotypic network. In: Jacob C, Pilat ML, Bentley PJ, Timmis JI (eds) ICARIS 2006, Lecture notes in computer science, vol 4163. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 109\u2013121","DOI":"10.1007\/11823940_9"},{"key":"9138_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hart E, Bersini H, Santos FC (2007a) Topological constraints in the evolution of idiotypic networks. In: ICARIS 2007, Lecture notes in computer science, vol 4628. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 252\u2013263","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-73922-7_22"},{"issue":"3","key":"9138_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2007.07.019","volume":"249","author":"E Hart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hart E, Bersini H, Santos FC (2007b) How affinity influences tolerance in an idiotypic network. J Theor Biol 249(3):422\u2013436","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9138_CR31","first-page":"42","volume":"117-C","author":"A Ishiguro","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ishiguro A, Kondo T, Watanabe Y, Uchikawa Y (1997) A reinforcement learning method for dynamic behavior arbitration of autonomous mobile robots based on the immunological information processing mechanisms. Trans IEE Japan, 117-C(1):42\u201349","journal-title":"Trans IEE Japan"},{"key":"9138_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/35075138","volume":"411","author":"H Jeong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jeong H, Mason SP, Barabsi A, Oltvai ZN (2001) Lethality and centrality in protein networks. Nature 411:41\u201342","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9138_CR33","unstructured":"Jerne N (1985) The generative grammar of the immune system. Science 4(4):439\u2013451"},{"key":"9138_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2005.10.002","volume":"43","author":"G Lal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lal G, Shaila MS, Nayak R (2006) Recombinant idiotypic tcr\u03b2 chain immunization in mice generates antigen specific T-cell response. Mol Immunol 43:1549\u20131556","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"9138_CR35","unstructured":"May RM, Lloyd AL (2001) Infection dynamics on scale-free networks. Phys Rev E 64(6 Pt 2):66112"},{"key":"9138_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McEwan C, Hart E (2008) The problem with shape-space: boosting the immune system. In: ICARIS \u201908: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on artificial immune system, pp 316\u2013327","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85072-4_28"},{"key":"9138_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.05.001","volume":"26","author":"KL McGuire","year":"2005","unstructured":"McGuire KL, Holmes DS (2005) Role of complementary proteins in autoimmunity: a old idea re-emerges with new twists. Trends Immunol 26:367\u2013372","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"9138_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1137\/S003614450342480","volume":"45","author":"MEJ Newman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Newman MEJ (2003) Structure and function of complex networks. SIAM Rev 45:167\u2013256","journal-title":"SIAM Rev"},{"key":"9138_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pastor-Satorras R, Vespignani A (2001) Epidemic spreading in scale-free networks. Phys Rev Lett 86:3200","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.86.3200"},{"key":"9138_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1989.tb00025.x","volume":"10","author":"A Perelson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Perelson A (1989) Immune network theory. Immunol Rev 10:5\u201336","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"9138_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1126\/science.149.3683.510","volume":"149","author":"DJ Price","year":"1965","unstructured":"Price DJ (1965) Networks of scientific papers. Science 149:510\u2013515","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"9138_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3490","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508201103","volume":"103","author":"FC Santos","year":"2006","unstructured":"Santos FC, Pacheco JM, Lenaerts T (2006) Evolutionary dynamics of social dilemmas in structured heterogeneous populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(9):3490\u20133494","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9138_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0104-17","volume":"10","author":"Y Shoenfeld","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shoenfeld Y (2004) The idiotypic network in autoimmnunity. Nat Med 10:17\u201318","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"9138_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1162\/1064546041255593","volume":"10","author":"J Stewart","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stewart J (2004) The affirmation of self: a new perspective on the immune system. Artif Life 10(3):261\u2013276","journal-title":"Artif Life (2004)"},{"key":"9138_CR47","unstructured":"Stibor T, Timmis J (2007) An Investigation into the compression qualities of aiNET. In: Proceedings of Foundations of Computational Intelligence, FOCI 2007"},{"key":"9138_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stibor T, Timmis J, Eckert C (2006) On the use of hyperspheres in artificial immune systems as antibody recognition regions. In: Proceedings of ICARIS 2006, Lecture notes in computer science. Springer, Berlin, pp 215\u2013228","DOI":"10.1007\/11823940_17"},{"key":"9138_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501179102","volume":"102","author":"MPH Stumpf","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stumpf MPH, Wiuf C, May RM (2005) Subnets of scale-free networks are not scale-free: sampling properties of networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:4221\u20134224","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9138_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.08.024","volume":"579","author":"R Tanaka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tanaka R, Yi TM, Doyle J (2005) Some protein interaction data do not exhibit power-law statistics. FEBS Lett 579:5140\u20135144","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"9138_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-7051(01)00088-0","volume":"14","author":"J Timmis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Timmis J, Neal M (2001) A resource limited artificial immune system for data analysis. Knowl Based Syst 14:121\u2013130","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"9138_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timmis J, Andrews P, Owen N (2008) An interdisciplinary perspective on artificial immune systems. Evol Intell 1:5\u201326","DOI":"10.1007\/s12065-007-0004-2"},{"issue":"8","key":"9138_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti239","volume":"21","author":"P Tieri","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tieri P, Valensin V, Latora V, Castellani GC2, Marchiori M, Remondini D, Franceschi C (2004) Quantifying the relevance of different mediators in the human immune cell network. Bioinformatics 21(8):1639\u20131643","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"9138_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.163.1.189","volume":"163","author":"JP Tite","year":"1986","unstructured":"Tite JP (1986) Direct interactions between b and t lymphocytes bearing complementary Receptors. J Exp Med 163:189\u2013202","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"9138_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitbrook A, Aickelin U, Garibaldi JM (2007) Idiotypic immune networks in mobile-robot control. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B 37(6):1581\u20131598","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCB.2007.907334"}],"container-title":["Natural Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11047-009-9138-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11047-009-9138-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11047-009-9138-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T17:55:58Z","timestamp":1685037358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11047-009-9138-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,17]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11047-009-9138-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1567-7818","1572-9796"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1567-7818","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9796","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,17]]}}}