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These conditions might be described by edaphic or topographic variables. We mapped soil and topographic variables from four even-aged and even-spaced cork oak plantations located in two climatically distinct Portuguese regions. The major goal of this research was to understand the relation between soil and topographic fine-scale conditions and tree growth expressed by diameter without cork annual growth (\n                    <jats:italic>idu)<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The methodology consisted in (1) analysing the spatial variability and autocorrelation of\n                    <jats:italic>idu<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; (2) modelling\n                    <jats:italic>idu<\/jats:italic>\n                    with ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions; (3) comparing with spatial modelling of\n                    <jats:italic>idu<\/jats:italic>\n                    , incorporating spatial autocorrelation. The driest stands A and B, exhibited weaker spatial autocorrelation, distributed in smaller clusters (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.03, OLS models), while stands C (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.18, OLS models) and D (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.11, OLS models) showed higher predictive capacity. Spatial models increased R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    scores, keeping most variables from OLS models and accounting for spatial autocorrelation. A\u2009+\u2009B\u2009+\u2009C\u2009+\u2009D OLS model obtained an R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.34 and respective spatial model R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.58. Apparent electrical conductivity at 0.5 (ECa0.5) and 1\u00a0m of soil depth, slope, elevation and topography position index were included as predictors (OLS), but only ECa0.5, slope and elevation were selected in the spatial model. Models were fitted using average to high productivity stands and should be used cautiously outside this range. Local terrain conditions determine the growth of young cork oak trees. Mapping soil and topographic variables before establishing new plantations may identify limiting microsite conditions where using cork oak species is not suitable due to low growth rates expectations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11056-024-10047-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T07:01:52Z","timestamp":1714633312000},"page":"1475-1496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["How do soil and topographic drivers determine tree diameter spatial distribution in even aged cork oak stands installed in average to high productivity areas"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9536-5533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Neves","family":"Firmino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1889-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Amaral","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6242-8593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9634-3061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Campagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"10047_CR1","unstructured":"AIFF (2010) Relat\u00f3rio de caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o da fileira florestal. 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