{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T06:49:21Z","timestamp":1774334961460,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":145,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI19\/00809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22\/00208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/00208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431G 2019\/02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431G 2019\/02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universidade Lus\u00edada - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Minerva"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuropsychol Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Autism is more frequently diagnosed in males, with evidence suggesting that females are more likely to be misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed. Possibly, the male\/female ratio imbalance relates to phenotypic and <jats:italic>camouflaging<\/jats:italic> differences between genders. Here, we performed a comprehensive approach to phenotypic and <jats:italic>camouflaging<\/jats:italic> research in autism addressed in two studies. First (Study 1 \u2013 Phenotypic Differences in Autism), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of gender differences in autism phenotype. The electronic datasets Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsychInfo were searched. We included 67 articles that compared females and males in autism core symptoms, and in cognitive, socioemotional, and behavioural phenotypes. Autistic males exhibited more severe symptoms and social interaction difficulties on standard clinical measures than females, who, in turn, exhibited more cognitive and behavioural difficulties. Considering the hypothesis of <jats:italic>camouflaging<\/jats:italic> possibly underlying these differences, we then conducted a meta-analysis of gender differences in camouflaging (Study 2 \u2013 <jats:italic>Camouflaging<\/jats:italic> Differences in Autism). The same datasets as the first study were searched. Ten studies were included. Females used more compensation and masking camouflage strategies than males. The results support the argument of a bias in clinical procedures towards males and the importance of considering a \u2018female autism phenotype\u2019\u2014potentially involving <jats:italic>camouflaging<\/jats:italic>\u2014in the diagnostic process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-023-09630-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T10:02:34Z","timestamp":1706522554000},"page":"153-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Is There a Bias Towards Males in the Diagnosis of Autism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0011-7746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sabela Conde-Pumpido","family":"Zubizarreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Daniela","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00falia","family":"Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Tub\u00edo-Fungueiri\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Carracedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Montse","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"9630_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.21-8-265","volume":"21","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2000","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. M., & Ruffle, T. M. (2000). The Child Behavior Checklist and related forms for assessing behavioral\/emotional problems and competencies. Pediatrics in Review, 21(8), 265\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/pir.21-8-265","journal-title":"Pediatrics in Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1108\/AIA-09-2018-0036","volume":"5","author":"CS Allely","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allely, C. S. (2019). Understanding and recognising the female phenotype of autism spectrum disorder and the \u2018camouflage\u2019 hypothesis: A systematic PRISMA review. Advances in Autism, 5(1), 14\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/AIA-09-2018-0036","journal-title":"Advances in Autism"},{"key":"9630_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"10","key":"9630_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3281","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-016-2872-8","volume":"46","author":"S Bargiela","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bargiela, S., Steward, R., & Mandy, W. (2016). The experiences of late-diagnosed women with autism spectrum conditions: An investigation of the female autism phenotype. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(10), 3281\u20133294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-016-2872-8","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen, S., Cassidy, S., Auyeung, B., Allison, C., Achoukhi, M., Robertson, S., Pohl, A., & Lai, M. C. (2014). Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls.\u00a0PloS One,\u00a09(7), e102251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0102251","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102251"},{"issue":"8","key":"9630_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136521","volume":"10","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen, S., Bowen, D. C., Holt, R. J., Allison, C., Auyeung, B., Lombardo, M. V., Smith, P., & Lai, M. C. (2015). The \u201creading the mind in the eyes\u201d test: Complete absence of typical sex difference in ~400 men and women with autism. PLoS ONE, 10(8), e0136521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136521","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1005653411471","volume":"31","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger syndrome\/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31(1), 5\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1005653411471","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361320912147","volume":"24","author":"JS Beck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beck, J. S., Lundwall, R. A., Gabrielsen, T., Cox, J. C., & South, M. (2020). Looking good but feeling bad: \u201cCamouflaging\u201d behaviors and mental health in women with autistic traits. Autism, 24(4), 809\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361320912147","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"8","key":"9630_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05221-3","volume":"52","author":"HL Belcher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belcher, H. L., Morein-Zamir, S., Mandy, W., & Ford, R. M. (2022). Camouflaging intent, First impressions, and age of ASC diagnosis in autistic men and women. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(8), 3413\u20133426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-021-05221-3","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"9630_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04159-x","volume":"49","author":"V Bitsika","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bitsika, V., & Sharpley, C. F. (2019). Effects of diagnostic severity upon sex differences in behavioural profiles of young males and females with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(11), 4429\u20134440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-04159-x","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2018.04.002","volume":"51","author":"V Bitsika","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bitsika, V., Sharpley, C. F., & Mills, R. (2018). Sex differences in sensory features between boys and girls with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 51, 49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2018.04.002","journal-title":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boorse, J., Cola, M., Plate, S., Yankowitz, L., Pandey, J., Schultz, R. T., & Parish-Morris, J. (2019). Linguistic markers of autism in girls: evidence of a \u201cblended phenotype\u201d during storytelling.\u00a0Molecular Autism,\u00a010(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-019-0268-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-019-0268-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1089\/aut.2020.0014","volume":"3","author":"K Bottema-Beutel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bottema-Beutel, K., Kapp, S. K., Lester, J. N., Sasson, N. J., & Hand, B. N. (2021). Avoiding ableist 400 language: Suggestions for autism researchers. Autism in Adulthood, 3(1), 18\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/aut.2020.0014","journal-title":"Autism in Adulthood"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-03878-x","volume":"49","author":"E Cage","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cage, E., & Troxell-Whitman, Z. (2019). Understanding the reasons, contexts and costs of camouflaging for autistic adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 1899\u20131911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-03878-x","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0331-7","volume":"37","author":"AS Carter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carter, A. S., Black, D. O., Tewani, S., Connolly, C. E., Kadlec, M. B., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2007). Sex differences in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 86\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-006-0331-7","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Charman, T., Loth, E., Tillmann, J., Crawley, D., Wooldridge, C., Goyard, D., Ahmad, J., Auyeung, B., Ambrosino, S., Banaschewski, T., Baron-Cohen, S., Baumeister, S., Beckmann, C., B\u00f6lte, S., Bourgeron, T., Bours, C., Brammer, M., Brandeis, D., Brogna, C., Buitelaar, J. K. (2017). The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): Clinical characterisation.\u00a0Molecular Autism,\u00a08(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-017-0145-9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-017-0145-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"9630_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-2006-5","volume":"45","author":"MC Coffman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coffman, M. C., Anderson, L. C., Naples, A. J., & Mcpartland, J. C. (2015). Sex differences in social perception in children with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(2), 589\u2013599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-013-2006-5","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cola, M. L., Plate, S., Yankowitz, L., Petrulla, V., Bateman, L., Zampella, C. J., De Marchena, A., Pandey, J., Schultz, R. T., & Parish-Morris, J. (2020). Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism.\u00a0Molecular Autism,\u00a011(1).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-020-00336-3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-020-00336-3"},{"key":"9630_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cola, M., Yankowitz, L. D., Tena, K., Russell, A., Bateman, L., Knox, A., Plate, S., Cubit, L. S., Zampella, C. J., Pandey, J., Schultz, R. T., & Parish-Morris, J. (2022). Friend matters: Sex differences in social language during autism diagnostic interviews.\u00a0Molecular Autism,\u00a013(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-021-00483-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-021-00483-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-03873-2","volume":"49","author":"O Conlon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Conlon, O., Volden, J., Smith, I. M., Duku, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Waddell, C., Szatmari, P., Mirenda, P., Vaillancourt, T., Bennett, T., Georgiades, S., Elsabbagh, M., & Ungar, W. J. (2019). Gender differences in pragmatic communication in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 1937\u20131948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-03873-2","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Constantino, J. N. (2013). Social responsiveness scale. In F.R. Volkmar (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (pp 4457\u20134467). Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4419-1698-3_296","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1698-3_296"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2017.1312797","volume":"33","author":"A Cook","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cook, A., Ogden, J., & Winstone, N. (2018). Friendship motivations, challenges and the role of masking for girls with autism in contrasting school settings. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 33(3), 302\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08856257.2017.1312797","journal-title":"European Journal of Special Needs Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361321992641","volume":"25","author":"J Cook","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cook, J., Crane, L., Bourne, L., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. (2021). Camouflaging in an everyday social context: An interpersonal recall study. Autism, 25(5), 1444\u20131456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361321992641","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"2","key":"9630_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613211026754","volume":"26","author":"J Cook","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cook, J., Crane, L., Hull, L., Bourne, L., & Mandy, W. (2022). Self-reported camouflaging behaviours used by autistic adults during everyday social interactions. Autism, 26(2), 406\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613211026754","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2440","volume":"14","author":"BA Corbett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corbett, B. A., Schwartzman, J. M., Libsack, E. J., Muscatello, R. A., Lerner, M. D., Simmons, G. L., & White, S. W. (2021). Camouflaging in autism: Examining sex-based and compensatory models in social cognition and communication. Autism Research, 14(1), 127\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2440","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"9630_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2305","volume":"13","author":"F Craig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Craig, F., Crippa, A., De Giacomo, A., Ruggiero, M., Rizzato, V., Lorenzo, A., Fanizza, I., Margari, L., & Trabacca, A. (2020). Differences in developmental functioning profiles between male and female preschoolers children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 13(9), 1537\u20131547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2305","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"9630_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2351","volume":"13","author":"KK Cummings","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cummings, K. K., Lawrence, K. E., Hernandez, L. M., Wood, E. T., Bookheimer, S. Y., Dapretto, M., & Green, S. A. (2020). Sex differences in salience network connectivity and its relationship to sensory over-responsivity in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 13(9), 1489\u20131500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2351","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"9630_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2348","volume":"13","author":"LS DaWalt","year":"2020","unstructured":"DaWalt, L. S., Taylor, J. L., Bishop, S., Hall, L. J., Steinbrenner, J. D., Kraemer, B., Hume, K. A., & Odom, S. L. (2020). Sex differences in social participation of high school students with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 13(12), 2155\u20132163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2348","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316671845","volume":"21","author":"M Dean","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dean, M., Harwood, R., & Kasari, C. (2017). The art of camouflage: Gender differences in the social behaviors of girls and boys with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 21(6), 678\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361316671845","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04597-y","volume":"51","author":"A Dupuis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dupuis, A., Moon, M. J., Brian, J., Georgiades, S., Levy, T., Anagnostou, E., Nicolson, R., Schachar, R., & Crosbie, J. (2021). Concurrent validity of the ABAS-II questionnaire with the Vineland II interview for adaptive behavior in a pediatric ASD sample: High correspondence despite systematically lower scores. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(5), 1417\u20131427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04597-y","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316672178","volume":"21","author":"J Duvekot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duvekot, J., van der Ende, J., Verhulst, F. C., Slappendel, G., van Daalen, E., Maras, A., & Greaves-Lord, K. (2017). Factors influencing the probability of a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in girls versus boys. Autism, 21(6), 646\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361316672178","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"9630_CR32","first-page":"360","volume-title":"Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues","author":"CD Elliott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elliott, C. D., Salerno, J. D., Dumont, R., & Willis, J. O. (2018). The differential ability scales\u2014Second edition. In D. P. Flanagan & E. M. McDonough (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (pp. 360\u2013382). The Guilford Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-020-00225-8","volume":"8","author":"GL Estrin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Estrin, G. L., Milner, V., Spain, D., Happ\u00e9, F., & Colvert, E. (2021). Barriers to autism spectrum disorder diagnosis for young women and girls: A systematic review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 8(4), 454\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40489-020-00225-8","journal-title":"Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferri, S.L., Abel, T., & Brodkin, E.S. (2018). Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: A review. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-018-0874-2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-018-0874-2"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1203\/pdr.0b013e31819e7203","volume":"65","author":"E Fombonne","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fombonne, E. (2009). Epidemiology of pervasive developmental disorders. Pediatric Research, 65(6), 591\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1203\/pdr.0b013e31819e7203","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.12.004","volume":"53","author":"TW Frazier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frazier, T. W., Georgiades, S., Bishop, S. L., & Hardan, A. Y. (2014). Behavioral and cognitive characteristics of females and males with autism in the Simons Simplex Collection. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(3), 329\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.12.004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-019-0266-4","volume":"10","author":"P Geelhand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geelhand, P., Bernard, P., Klein, O., van Tiel, B., & Kissine, M. (2019). The role of gender in the perception of autism symptom severity and future behavioral development. Molecular Autism, 10(1), 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-019-0266-4","journal-title":"Molecular Autism"},{"issue":"1\u201313","key":"9630_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.539835","volume":"12","author":"C Giambattista","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giambattista, C., Ventura, P., Trerotoli, P., Margari, F., & Margari, L. (2021). Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: Focus on high functioning children and adolescents. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12(1\u201313), 539835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.539835","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"9630_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2109-7","volume":"44","author":"L Goddard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goddard, L., Dritschel, B., & Howlin, P. (2014). A preliminary study of gender differences in autobiographical memory in children with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(9), 2087\u20132095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-014-2109-7","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guerrera, S., Menghini, D., Napoli, E., Di Vara, S., Valeri, G., & Vicari, S. (2019). Assessment of psychopathological comorbidities in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder using the child behavior checklist. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00535","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00535"},{"key":"9630_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Halladay, A.K., Bishop, S., Constantino, J.N., Daniels, A.M., Koenig, K., Palmer, K., \u2026 Szatmari, P. (2015). Sex and gender differences in autism spectrum disorder: Summarizing evidence gaps and identifying emerging areas of priority.\u00a0Molecular Autism, 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-015-0019-y","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-015-0019-y"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/15332985.2015.1031858","volume":"14","author":"JL Haney","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haney, J. L. (2016). Autism, females, and the DSM-5: Gender bias in autism diagnosis. Social Work in Mental Health, 14(4), 396\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15332985.2015.1031858","journal-title":"Social Work in Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.1893","volume":"169","author":"SN Hansen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hansen, S. N., Schendel, D. E., & Parner, E. T. (2015). Explaining the increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(1), 56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.1893","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05150-1","volume":"52","author":"CM Harkins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harkins, C. M., Handen, B. L., & Mazurek, M. O. (2022). The impact of the comorbidity of ASD and ADHD on social impairment. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(6), 2512\u20132522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-021-05150-1","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harrop, C., Jones, D., Zheng, S., Nowell, S., Schultz, R., & Parish-Morris, J. (2019). Visual attention to faces in children with autism spectrum disorder: Are there sex differences?\u00a0Molecular Autism,\u00a010(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-019-0276-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-019-0276-2"},{"issue":"11","key":"9630_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3644","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2511-9","volume":"45","author":"C Harrop","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harrop, C., Gulsrud, A., & Kasari, C. (2015). Does gender moderate core deficits in ASD? An investigation into restricted and repetitive behaviors in girls and boys with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(11), 3644\u20133655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2511-9","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2245","volume":"13","author":"C Harrop","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harrop, C., Jones, D. R., Sasson, N. J., Zheng, S., Nowell, S. W., & Parish-Morris, J. (2020). Social and object attention is influenced by biological sex and toy gender-congruence in children with and without autism. Autism Research, 13(5), 763\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2245","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"9630_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3612-z","volume":"48","author":"C Harrop","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harrop, C., Jones, D., Zheng, S., Nowell, S., Boyd, B. A., & Sasson, N. (2018a). Circumscribed interests and attention in autism: The role of biological sex. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(10), 3449\u20133459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3612-z","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"9","key":"9630_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1997","volume":"11","author":"C Harrop","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harrop, C., Jones, D., Zheng, S., Nowell, S. W., Boyd, B. A., & Sasson, N. (2018b). Sex differences in social attention in autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 11(9), 1264\u20131275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1997","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2234-3","volume":"45","author":"C Harrop","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harrop, C., Shire, S., Gulsrud, A., Chang, Y.-C., Ishijima, E., Lawton, K., & Kasari, C. (2015). Does gender influence core deficits in ASD? An investigation into social-communication and play of girls and boys with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(3), 766\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-014-2234-3","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315622410","volume":"21","author":"Harrop, C., Green, J., Hudry, K., & PACT Consortium","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harrop, C., Green, J., Hudry, K., & PACT Consortium. (2017). Play complexity and toy engagement in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder: Do girls and boys differ? Autism, 21(1), 37\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361315622410","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-5-19","volume":"5","author":"AM Head","year":"2014","unstructured":"Head, A. M., Mcgillivray, J. A., & Stokes, M. A. (2014). Gender differences in emotionality and sociability in children with autism spectrum disorders. Molecular Autism, 5(1), 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2040-2392-5-19","journal-title":"Molecular Autism"},{"issue":"8","key":"9630_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9881-x","volume":"42","author":"RM Hiller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hiller, R. M., Young, R. L., & Weber, N. (2014). Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder based on DSM-5 criteria: Evidence from clinician and teacher reporting. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(8), 1381\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-014-9881-x","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361314568899","volume":"20","author":"RM Hiller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hiller, R. M., Young, R. L., & Weber, N. (2016). Sex differences in pre-diagnosis concerns for children later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 20(1), 75\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361314568899","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"9630_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hull, L., Levy, L., Lai, M.C., Petrides, K.V., Baron-Cohen, S., Allison, C., Smith, P., & Mandy, W. (2021). Is social camouflaging associated with anxiety and depression in autistic adults? Molecular Autism, 12(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-021-00421-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-021-00421-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"9630_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361319864804","volume":"24","author":"L Hull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hull, L., Lai, M. C., Baron-Cohen, S., Allison, C., Smith, P., Petrides, K. V., & Mandy, W. (2020). Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults. Autism, 24(2), 352\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361319864804","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3792-6","volume":"49","author":"L Hull","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hull, L., Mandy, W., Lai, M. C., Baron-Cohen, S., Allison, C., Smith, P., & Petrides, K. V. (2019). Development and validation of the Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire (CAT-Q). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(3), 819\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3792-6","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"8","key":"9630_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3166-5","volume":"47","author":"L Hull","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hull, L., Petrides, K. V., Allison, C., Smith, P., Baron-Cohen, S., Lai, M. C., & Mandy, W. (2017). \u201cPutting on my best normal\u201d: Social camouflaging in adults with autism spectrum conditions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(8), 2519\u20132534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-017-3166-5","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s40489-020-00197-9","volume":"7","author":"L Hull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hull, L., Petrides, K. V., & Mandy, W. (2020). The female autism phenotype and camouflaging: A narrative review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 7(4), 306\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40489-020-00197-9","journal-title":"Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"9630_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-03986-9","volume":"50","author":"L Hull","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hull, L., Petrides, K. V., & Mandy, W. (2021). Cognitive predictors of self-reported camouflaging in autistic adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(7), 2454\u20132465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-03986-9","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"7658","key":"9630_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a117","volume":"336","author":"JPA Ioannidis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ioannidis, J. P. A., Patsopoulos, N. A., & Rothstein, H. R. (2008). Reasons or excuses for avoiding meta-analysis in forest plots. BMJ, 336(7658), 1413\u20131415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.a117","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2703","volume":"15","author":"D James","year":"2022","unstructured":"James, D., Lam, V. T., Jo, B., & Fung, L. K. (2022). Region-specific associations between gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor binding and cortical thickness in high-functioning autistic adults. Autism Research, 15(6), 1068\u20131082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2703","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"9630_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-04953-6","volume":"52","author":"A Jedrzejewska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jedrzejewska, A., & Dewey, J. (2022). Camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adolescents in the modern context of social media. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(2), 630\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-021-04953-6","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"9630_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4344","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04491-7","volume":"50","author":"C Jorgenson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jorgenson, C., Lewis, T., Rose, C., & Kanne, S. (2020). Social camouflaging in autistic and neurotypical adolescents: A pilot study of differences by sex and diagnosis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(12), 4344\u20134355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04491-7","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2620-5","volume":"46","author":"C Kauschke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kauschke, C., Van Der Beek, B., & Kamp-Becker, I. (2016). Narratives of girls and boys with autism spectrum disorders: Gender differences in narrative competence and internal state language. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(3), 840\u2013852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2620-5","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315588200","volume":"20","author":"L Kenny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kenny, L., Hattersley, C., Molins, B., Buckley, C., Povey, C., & Pellicano, E. (2016). Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community. Autism, 20(4), 442\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361315588200","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2678","volume":"15","author":"AP Key","year":"2022","unstructured":"Key, A. P., Jones, D., & Corbett, B. A. (2022). Sex differences in automatic emotion regulation in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 15(4), 712\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2678","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"key":"9630_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2021.790085","volume":"15","author":"AP Key","year":"2022","unstructured":"Key, A. P., Yan, Y., Metelko, M., Chang, C., Kang, H., Pilkington, J., & Corbett, B. A. (2022). Greater social competence is associated with higher interpersonal neural synchrony in adolescents with autism. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15, 790085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2021.790085","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1721","volume":"10","author":"M Kiep","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kiep, M., & Spek, A. (2017). Executive functioning in men and women with an autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 10(5), 940\u2013948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1721","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"9630_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1811-1","volume":"43","author":"M Kirkovski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kirkovski, M., Enticott, P. G., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2013). A review of the role of female gender in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(11), 2584\u20132603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-013-1811-1","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361318786490","volume":"23","author":"J Knutsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Knutsen, J., Crossman, M., Perrin, J., Shui, A., & Kuhlthau, K. (2019). Sex differences in restricted repetitive behaviors and interests in children with autism spectrum disorder: An Autism Treatment Network study. Autism, 23(4), 858\u2013868. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361318786490","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"9630_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ko, J. A., Schuck, R. K., Jimenez-Mu\u00f1oz, M., Penner-Baiden, K. M., & Vernon, T. W. (2022). Brief report: Sex\/gender differences in adolescents with autism: socialization profiles and response to social skills intervention.\u00a0Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,\u00a052(6), 2812\u20132818.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-021-05127-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05127-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.02.007","volume":"67","author":"T Kodak","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kodak, T., & Bergmann, S. (2020). Autism spectrum disorder: Characteristics, associated behaviors, and early intervention. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 67(3), 525\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.02.007","journal-title":"Pediatric Clinics of North America"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.05.017","volume":"32","author":"S Kopp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kopp, S., & Gillberg, C. (2011). The Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ)-Revised Extended Version (ASSQ-REV): An instrument for better capturing the autism phenotype in girls? A preliminary study involving 191 clinical cases and community controls. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32(6), 2875\u20132888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.05.017","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-013-0148-9","volume":"17","author":"NL Kreiser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kreiser, N. L., & White, S. W. (2013). ASD in females: Are we overstating the gender difference in diagnosis? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17(1), 67\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-013-0148-9","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"9630_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2014.12.011","volume":"13\u201314","author":"H Kumazaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumazaki, H., Muramatsu, T., Kosaka, H., Fujisawa, T. X., Iwata, K., Tomoda, A., Tsuchiya, K., & Mimura, M. (2015). Sex differences in cognitive and symptom profiles in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 13\u201314, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2014.12.011","journal-title":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lai, M.C., Baron-Cohen, S., & Buxbaum, J.D. (2015). Understanding autism in the light of sex\/gender. Molecular Autism, 6(24). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-015-0021-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-015-0021-4"},{"issue":"9920","key":"9630_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61539-1","volume":"383","author":"MC Lai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lai, M. C., Lombardo, M. V., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2014). Autism. The Lancet, 383(9920), 896\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61539-1","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316671012","volume":"21","author":"MC Lai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lai, M. C., Lombardo, M. V., Ruigrok, A. N., Chakrabarti, B., Auyeung, B., Szatmari, P., Happ\u00e9, F., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2017). Quantifying and exploring camouflaging in men and women with autism. Autism, 21(6), 690\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361316671012","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0213-z","volume":"37","author":"KS Lam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lam, K. S., & Aman, M. G. (2007). The Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised: Independent validation in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(5), 855\u2013866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-006-0213-z","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lawrence, K. E., Hernandez, L. M., Fuster, E., Padgaonkar, N. T., Patterson, G., Jung, J., Okada, N. J., Lowe, J. K., Hoekstra, J. N., Jack, A., Aylward, E., Gaab, N., Van Horn, J. D., Bernier, R. A., McPartland, J. C., Webb, S. J., Pelphrey, K. A., Green, S. A., Bookheimer, S. Y., Dapretto, M. (2022). Impact of autism genetic risk on brain connectivity: A mechanism for the female protective effect.\u00a0Brain: A Journal of Neurology,\u00a0145(1), 378\u2013387.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab204","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab204"},{"issue":"31","key":"9630_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6145","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0053-22.2022","volume":"42","author":"JK Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, J. K., Andrews, D. S., Ozturk, A., Solomon, M., Rogers, S., Amaral, D. G., & Nordahl, C. W. (2022). Altered development of amygdala-connected brain regions in males and females with autism. The Journal of Neuroscience, 42(31), 6145\u20136155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.0053-22.2022","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2558-7","volume":"46","author":"F-G Lehnhardt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lehnhardt, F.-G., Falter, C. M., Gawronski, A., Pfeiffer, K., Tepest, R., Franklin, J., & Vogeley, K. (2016). Sex-related cognitive profile in autism spectrum disorders diagnosed late in life: Implications for the female autistic phenotype. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(1), 139\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2558-7","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Libster, N., Knox, A., Engin, S., Geschwind, D., Parish-Morris, J., & Kasari, C. (2022). Personal victimization experiences of autistic and non-autistic children.\u00a0Molecular Autism,\u00a013(1), 51\u201354.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-022-00531-4","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-022-00531-4"},{"issue":"9","key":"9630_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30224-X","volume":"6","author":"LA Livingston","year":"2019","unstructured":"Livingston, L. A., Shah, P., & Happ\u00e9, F. (2019). Compensatory strategies below the behavioural surface in autism: A qualitative study. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 6(9), 766\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30224-X","journal-title":"The Lancet. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.03.013","volume":"56","author":"R Loomes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. P. L. (2017). What is the male-to-female ratio in autism spectrum disorder? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 466\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.03.013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"9630_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lord, C., Luyster, R., Gotham, K., & Guthrie, W. (2012). Autism diagnostic observation schedule, 2nd edition (ADOS-2) Manual (Part II): Toddler module. Western Psychological Services.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1698-3_2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10418","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10418","volume":"5","author":"V Mandic-Maravic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mandic-Maravic, V., Pejovic-Milovancevic, M., Mitkovic-Voncina, M., Kostic, M., Aleksic-Hil, O., Radosavljev-Kircanski, J., Mincic, T., & Lecic-Tosevski, D. (2015). Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders: Does sex moderate the pathway from clinical symptoms to adaptive behavior? Scientific Reports, 5(1), 10418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep10418","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"7","key":"9630_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1356-0","volume":"42","author":"W Mandy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mandy, W., Chilvers, R., Chowdhury, U., Salter, G., Seigal, A., & Skuse, D. (2012). Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from a large sample of children and adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(7), 1304\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-011-1356-0","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.04.001","volume":"50","author":"ML Mattila","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mattila, M. L., Kielinen, M., Linna, S. L., Jussila, K., Ebeling, H., Bloigu, R., Joseph, R. M., & Moilanen, I. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders according to DSM-IV-TR and comparison with DSM-5 draft criteria: An epidemiological study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(6), 583-592.e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.04.001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1964-y","volume":"44","author":"T May","year":"2014","unstructured":"May, T., Cornish, K., & Rinehart, N. (2014). Does gender matter? A one year follow-up of autistic, attention and anxiety symptoms in high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(5), 1077\u20131086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-013-1964-y","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3838-9","volume":"49","author":"TC McFayden","year":"2019","unstructured":"McFayden, T. C., Albright, J., Muskett, A. E., & Scarpa, A. (2019). Brief report: Sex differences in ASD diagnosis\u2014A brief report on restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(4), 1693\u20131699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3838-9","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McPartland, J., Law, K., & Dawson, G. (2016). Autism spectrum disorder. in H. Friedman (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of Mental Health (2ed., Vol. 2, pp. 124\u2013130). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-397045-9.00230-5","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397045-9.00230-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"9630_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613211042131","volume":"26","author":"GA McQuaid","year":"2022","unstructured":"McQuaid, G. A., Lee, N. R., & Wallace, G. L. (2022). Camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder: Examining the roles of sex, gender identity, and diagnostic timing. Autism, 26(2), 552\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613211042131","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"9630_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12619","volume":"67","author":"S Milne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milne, S., Campbell, L., & Cottier, C. (2019). Accurate assessment of functional abilities in pre-schoolers for diagnostic and funding purposes: A comparison of the Vineland-3 and the PEDI-CAT. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 67, 31\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1630.12619","journal-title":"Australian Occupational Therapy Journal"},{"key":"9630_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Milner, V., Mandy, W., Happ\u00e9, F., & Colvert, E. (2022). Sex differences in predictors and outcomes of camouflaging: Comparing diagnosed autistic, high autistic trait and low autistic trait young adults.\u00a0Autism,\u00a027(2), 402\u2013414.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613221098240","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613221098240"},{"key":"9630_CR97","unstructured":"Mullen, E. M. (1995).\u00a0Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Pearson (AGS)."},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316682621","volume":"21","author":"JL Mussey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mussey, J. L., Ginn, N. C., & Klinger, L. G. (2017). Are males and females with autism spectrum disorder more similar than we thought? Autism, 21(6), 733\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361316682621","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"9","key":"9630_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04132-8","volume":"50","author":"BC Nasca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nasca, B. C., Lopata, C., Donnelly, J. P., Rodgers, J. D., & Thomeer, M. L. (2020). Sex differences in externalizing and internalizing symptoms of children with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(9), 3245\u20133252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-04132-8","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neuhaus, E., Lowry, S. J., Santhosh, M., Kresse, A., Edwards, L. A., Keller, J., Libsack, E. J., Kang, V. Y., Naples, A., Jack, A., Jeste, S., McPartland, J. C., Aylward, E., Bernier, R., Bookheimer, S., Dapretto, M., Van Horn, J. D., Pelphrey, K., Webb, S. J., & ACE, G. N. (2021). Resting state EEG in youth with ASD: Age, sex, and relation to phenotype.\u00a0Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders,\u00a013(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11689-021-09390-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-021-09390-1"},{"key":"9630_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Neuhaus, E., Kang, V. Y., Kresse, A., Corrigan, S., Aylward, E., Bernier, R., Bookheimer, S., Dapretto, M., Jack, A., Jeste, S., McPartland, J. C., Van Horn, J. D., Pelphrey, K., Webb, S. J., & ACE GENDAAR Consortium. (2022). Language and aggressive behaviors in male and female youth with autism spectrum disorder.\u00a0Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,\u00a052(1), 454\u2013462.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04773-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04773-0"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_LSHSS-18-0093","volume":"50","author":"SW Nowell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nowell, S. W., Watson, L. R., Boyd, B., & Klinger, L. G. (2019). Efficacy study of a social communication and self-regulation intervention for school-age children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 50(3), 416\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2019_LSHSS-18-0093","journal-title":"Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools"},{"issue":"8","key":"9630_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1177\/13623613211073448","volume":"26","author":"RAG O\u2019Connor","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor, R. A. G., van den Bedem, N., Blijd-Hoogewys, E. M. A., Stockmann, L., & Rieffe, C. (2022). Friendship quality among autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents: Protective or risk factor for mental health? Autism, 26(8), 2041\u20132051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13623613211073448","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"11","key":"9630_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2580","volume":"14","author":"JMA Os\u00f3rio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Os\u00f3rio, J. M. A., Rodr\u00edguez-Herreros, B., Richetin, S., Junod, V., Romascano, D., Pittet, V., Chabane, N., Jequier Gygax, M., & Maillard, A. M. (2021). Sex differences in sensory processing in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 14(11), 2412\u20132423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2580","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"9630_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2608-1","volume":"46","author":"TM Oswald","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oswald, T. M., Winter-Messiers, M. A., Gibson, B., Schmidt, A. M., Herr, C. M., & Solomon, M. (2016). Sex differences in internalizing problems during adolescence in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(2), 624\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2608-1","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Page, M.J., Mckenzie, J.E., Bossuyt, P.M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T.C., Mulrow, C.D., Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"9630_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parish-Morris, J., Liberman, M. Y., Cieri, C., Herrington, J. D., Yerys, B. E., Bateman, L., Donaher, J., Ferguson, E., Pandey, J., & Schultz, R. T. (2017). Linguistic camouflage in girls with autism spectrum disorder.\u00a0Molecular Autism,\u00a08(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-017-0164-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-017-0164-6"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361316675119","volume":"21","author":"E Pisula","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pisula, E., Pud\u0142o, M., S\u0142owi\u0144ska, M., Kawa, R., Strz\u0105ska, M., Banasiak, A., & Wola\u0144czyk, T. (2017). Behavioral and emotional problems in high-functioning girls and boys with autism spectrum disorders: Parents\u2019 reports and adolescents\u2019 self-reports. Autism, 21(6), 738\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361316675119","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13368","volume":"144","author":"M Posserud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Posserud, M., Skretting Solberg, B., Engeland, A., Haavik, J., & Klungs\u00f8yr, K. (2021). Male to female ratios in autism spectrum disorders by age, intellectual disability and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 144(6), 635\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acps.13368","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"7","key":"9630_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2366-0","volume":"45","author":"V Postorino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postorino, V., Fatta, L. M., De Peppo, L., Giovagnoli, G., Armando, M., Vicari, S., & Mazzone, L. (2015). Longitudinal comparison between male and female preschool children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(7), 2046\u20132055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2366-0","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2020.594082","volume":"14","author":"M Prosperi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prosperi, M., Turi, M., Guerrera, S., Napoli, E., Tancredi, R., Igliozzi, R., Apicella, F., Valeri, G., Lattarulo, C., Gemma, A., Santocchi, E., Calderoni, S., Muratori, F., & Vicari, S. (2021). Sex differences in autism spectrum disorder: An investigation on core symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity in preschoolers. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 14, 594082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnint.2020.594082","journal-title":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-017-3413-9","volume":"48","author":"AB Ratto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ratto, A. B., Kenworthy, L., Yerys, B. E., Bascom, J., Wieckowski, A. T., White, S. W., Wallace, G. L., Pugliese, C., Schultz, R. T., Ollendick, T. H., Scarpa, A., Seese, S., Register-Brown, K., Martin, A., & Anthony, L. G. (2018). What about the girls? Sex-based differences in autistic traits and adaptive skills. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(5), 1698\u20131711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-017-3413-9","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"9630_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2878","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-022-05566-3","volume":"53","author":"HM Rea","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rea, H. M., \u00d8ien, R. A., Shic, F., Webb, S. J., & Ratto, A. B. (2023). Sex differences on the ADOS-2. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(7), 2878\u20132890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-022-05566-3","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2223-6","volume":"45","author":"VP Reinhardt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reinhardt, V. P., Wetherby, A. M., Schatschneider, C., & Lord, C. (2015). Examination of sex differences in a large sample of young children with autism spectrum disorder and typical development. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(3), 697\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-014-2223-6","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2010.12.003","volume":"5","author":"TT Rivet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rivet, T. T., & Matson, J. L. (2011). Review of gender differences in core symptomatology in autism spectrum disorders. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(3), 957\u2013976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2010.12.003","journal-title":"Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"9630_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3733-4","volume":"49","author":"JD Rodgers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodgers, J. D., Lodi-Smith, J., Donnelly, J. P., Lopata, C., Mcdonald, C. A., Thomeer, M. L., Lipinski, A. M., Nasca, B. C., & Booth, A. J. (2019). Brief report: Examination of sex-based differences in ASD symptom severity among high-functioning children with ASD using the SRS-2. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(2), 781\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3733-4","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2241","volume":"13","author":"R Ros-Demarize","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ros-Demarize, R., Bradley, C., Kanne, S. M., Warren, Z., Boan, A., Lajonchere, C., Park, J., & Carpenter, L. A. (2020). ASD symptoms in toddlers and preschoolers: An examination of sex differences. Autism Research, 13(1), 157\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2241","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"key":"9630_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ross, A., Grove, R., & McAloon, J. (2022). The relationship between camouflaging and mental health in autistic children and adolescents.\u00a0Autism Research,\u00a016(1), 190\u2013199.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2859","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2859"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-014-9397-x","volume":"27","author":"E Rubenstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rubenstein, E., Wiggins, L. D., & Lee, L. C. (2015). A review of the differences in developmental, psychiatric, and medical endophenotypes between males and females with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 27(1), 119\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10882-014-9397-x","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities"},{"key":"9630_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rutter, M., Le Couteur, A., & Lord, C. (2003). Autism diagnostic interview - revised. Western Psychological Services.","DOI":"10.1037\/t18128-000"},{"key":"9630_CR121","unstructured":"Rutter, M., Bailey, A., & Lord, C. (2003). The Social Communication Questionnaire. Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"9630_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-016-0073-0","volume":"7","author":"A Rynkiewicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rynkiewicz, A., Schuller, B., Marchi, E., Piana, S., Camurri, A., Lassalle, A., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2016). An investigation of the \u2018female camouflage effect\u2019 in autism using a computerized ADOS-2 and a test of sex\/gender differences. Molecular Autism, 7, 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13229-016-0073-0","journal-title":"Molecular Autism"},{"issue":"6","key":"9630_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-03998-y","volume":"49","author":"RK Schuck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schuck, R. K., Flores, R. E., & Fung, L. K. (2019). Brief report: Sex\/gender differences in symptomology and camouflaging in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(6), 2597\u20132604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-03998-y","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361318794930","volume":"23","author":"F Sedgewick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sedgewick, F., Hill, V., & Pellicano, E. (2019). \u2018It\u2019s different for girls\u2019: Gender differences in the friendships and conflict of autistic and neurotypical adolescents. Autism, 23(5), 1119\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361318794930","journal-title":"Autism"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2669-1","volume":"46","author":"F Sedgewick","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sedgewick, F., Hill, V., Yates, R., Pickering, L., & Pellicano, E. (2016). Gender differences in the social motivation and friendship experiences of autistic and non-autistic adolescents. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(4), 1297\u20131306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2669-1","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Song, D., Kim, S. Y., Bong, G., Kim, Y. A., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. -., & Yoo, H. J. (2021). Exploring sex differences in the manifestation of autistic traits in young children.\u00a0Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,\u00a088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2021.101848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2021.101848"},{"issue":"8","key":"9630_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13348","volume":"62","author":"A Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song, A., Cola, M., Plate, S., Petrulla, V., Yankowitz, L., Pandey, J., Schultz, R. T., & Parish-Morris, J. (2021). Natural language markers of social phenotype in girls with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(8), 949\u2013960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13348","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"9630_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Balla, D. A. (2005).\u00a0Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Second Edition (Vineland-II)\u00a0[Database record]. APA PsycTests. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t15164-000","DOI":"10.1037\/t15164-000"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-04288-3","volume":"50","author":"A Sturrock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sturrock, A., Marsden, A., Adams, C., & Freed, J. (2020). Observational and reported measures of language and pragmatics in young people with autism: A comparison of respondent data and gender profiles. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(3), 812\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-04288-3","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"5","key":"9630_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-03920-6","volume":"50","author":"A Sturrock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sturrock, A., Yau, N., Freed, J., & Adams, C. (2020). Speaking the same language? A preliminary investigation, comparing the language and communication skills of females and males with high-functioning autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(5), 1639\u20131656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-03920-6","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2022.13","volume":"220","author":"K Supekar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Supekar, K., de los Angeles, C., Ryali, S., Cao, K., Ma, T., & Menon, V. (2022). Deep learning identifies robust gender differences in functional brain organization and their dissociable links to clinical symptoms in autism. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 220(4), 202\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.2022.13","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"9630_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04695-x","volume":"51","author":"M Tub\u00edo-Fungueiri\u00f1o","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tub\u00edo-Fungueiri\u00f1o, M., Cruz, S., Sampaio, A., Carracedo, A., & Fern\u00e1ndez-Prieto, M. (2021). Social camouflaging in females with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(7), 2190\u20132199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04695-x","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"9630_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-1913-9","volume":"44","author":"PJ Van Wijngaarden-Cremers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Wijngaarden-Cremers, P. J., van Eeten, E., Groen, W. B., Van Deurzen, P. A., Oosterling, I. J., & Van der Gaag, R. J. (2014). Gender and age differences in the core triad of impairments in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(3), 627\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-013-1913-9","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2674","volume":"15","author":"E Waizbard-Bartov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Waizbard-Bartov, E., Ferrer, E., Heath, B., Rogers, S. J., Nordahl, C. W., Solomon, M., & Amaral, D. G. (2022). Identifying autism symptom severity trajectories across childhood. Autism Research, 15(4), 687\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.2674","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"9630_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04583-2","volume":"51","author":"MJM Walsh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Walsh, M. J. M., Pagni, B., Monahan, L., Delaney, S., Smith, C. J., Baxter, L., & Braden, B. B. (2021). Sex-related neurocircuitry supporting camouflaging in adults with autism: Female protection insights. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(1), 156\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04583-2","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"issue":"2","key":"9630_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-017-0102-9","volume":"33","author":"S Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, S., Deng, H., You, C., Chen, K., Li, J., Tang, C., Ceng, C., Zou, Y., & Zou, X. (2017). Sex differences in diagnosis and clinical phenotypes of Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscience Bulletin, 33(2), 153\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12264-017-0102-9","journal-title":"Neuroscience Bulletin"},{"key":"9630_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t15170-000","author":"D Wechsler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t15170-000","journal-title":"APA PsycTests"},{"key":"9630_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t15169-000","author":"D Wechsler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wechsler, D. (2008). Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/t15169-000","journal-title":"APA PsycTests"},{"issue":"10","key":"9630_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1811","volume":"10","author":"EI White","year":"2017","unstructured":"White, E. I., Wallace, G. L., Bascom, J., Armour, A. C., Register-Brown, K., Popal, H. S., Ratto, A. B., Martin, A., & Kenworthy, L. (2017). Sex differences in parent-reported executive functioning and adaptive behavior in children and young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Research, 10(10), 1653\u20131662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aur.1811","journal-title":"Autism Research"},{"key":"9630_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103897","volume":"112","author":"LD Wiggins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wiggins, L. D., Rubenstein, E., Windham, G., Barger, B., Croen, L., Dowling, N., Giarelli, E., Levy, S., Moody, E., Soke, G., Fields, V., & Schieve, L. (2021). Evaluation of sex differences in preschool children with and without autism spectrum disorder enrolled in the study to explore early development. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 112, 103897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2021.103897","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"7","key":"9630_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361315611381","volume":"20","author":"CE Wilson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilson, C. E., Murphy, C. M., Mcalonan, G., Robertson, D. M., Spain, D., Hayward, H., Woodhouse, E., Deeley, P. Q., Gillan, N., Ohlsen, J. C., Zinkstok, J., Stoencheva, V., Faulkner, J., Yildiran, H., Bell, V., Hammond, N., Craig, M. C., & Murphy, D. G. (2016). Does sex influence the diagnostic evaluation of autism spectrum disorder in adults? Autism, 20(7), 808\u2013819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361315611381","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"9630_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/412619","author":"J Wiskerke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wiskerke, J., Stern, H., & Igelstr\u00f6m, K. (2018). Camouflaging of repetitive movements in autistic female and transgender adults [Preprint]. Neuroscience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/412619","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"9630_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13337","volume":"62","author":"H Wood-Downie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wood-Downie, H., Wong, B., Kovshoff, H., Cortese, S., & Hadwin, J. A. (2021). Research Review: A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex\/gender differences in social interaction and communication in autistic and nonautistic children and adolescents. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(8), 922\u2013936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13337","journal-title":"The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"9630_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-020-04615-z","volume":"51","author":"H Wood-Downie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wood-Downie, H., Wong, B., Kovshoff, H., Mandy, W., Hull, L., & Hadwin, J. A. (2021). Sex\/gender differences in camouflaging in children and adolescents with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(4), 1353\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-020-04615-z","journal-title":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders"},{"key":"9630_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.762621","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Qin, B., Wang, L., Chen, J., Cai, J., & Li, T. (2022). Sex differences of language abilities of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder and their anatomical correlation with Broca and Wernicke areas. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 10, 762621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.762621","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Neuropsychology Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11065-023-09630-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11065-023-09630-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11065-023-09630-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T10:47:36Z","timestamp":1743763656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11065-023-09630-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"references-count":145,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11065-023-09630-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1040-7308","1573-6660"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1040-7308","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6660","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The systematic reviews and meta-analyses were conducted on already available data for which no formal consent was needed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}