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Therefore, this study addresses the following questions: (i) How representative is an event-based landslide inventory map of the total landslide activity and distribution in a study area?; (ii) How reliable is an event-based landslide susceptibility map?; (iii) How appropriate is an event-based landslide inventory map for independently validating a landslide susceptibility map? To address these questions, two independent and contrasting rainfall event-based landslide inventories were used, together with a historical landslide inventory, to assess landslide susceptibility for different types of landslides in a study area located north of Lisbon, Portugal. The results revealed the following findings: (i) contrasting rainfall critical conditions for failure can trigger similar landslide types, although they may vary in size and be spatially constrained by different predisposing conditions, particularly lithology and soil type; (ii) landslide susceptibility models using event-based landslide inventories are not reliable in the study area, regardless of the landslide inventory map used for training and validation; and (iii) complementary sources of uncertainty results from using incomplete historical landslide inventories to assess landslide susceptibility and non-totally independent landslide inventories for modeling validation. The present study enhances the understanding of regional landslide susceptibility patterns based on contrasting rainfall-trigger conditions, providing valuable information to minimize exposure; to design regional landslide early warning systems for specific rainfall-trigger landslide events; and to improve the response and preparedness of civil protection services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-024-06691-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T09:08:10Z","timestamp":1717146490000},"page":"9361-9399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Landslide susceptibility assessment using different rainfall event-based landslide inventories: advantages and limitations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0883-8564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio C.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Z\u00eazere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo A. 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