{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:00:46Z","timestamp":1791644446589,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]],"date-time":"2009-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Educ Asse Eval Acc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11092-008-9068-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,29]],"date-time":"2009-05-29T13:18:42Z","timestamp":1243603122000},"page":"5-31","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2217,"title":["Developing the theory of formative assessment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Wiliam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"9068_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-004-3430-5","volume":"35","author":"P. Adey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adey, P. (2005). Issues arising from the long-term evaluation of cognitive acceleration programmes. Research in Science Education, 35, 3\u201322.","journal-title":"Research in Science Education"},{"key":"9068_CR2","volume-title":"Towards dialogic thinking: Rethinking classroom talk","author":"R. Alexander","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alexander, R. (2006). Towards dialogic thinking: Rethinking classroom talk. York: Dialogos."},{"issue":"3","key":"9068_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312040003685","volume":"40","author":"A. N. Applebee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Applebee, A. N., Langer, J. A., Nystrand, M., & Gamoran, A. (2003). Discussion based approaches to developing understanding: classroom instruction and student performance in middle and high school English. American Educational Research Journal, 40(3), 685\u2013730.","journal-title":"American Educational Research Journal"},{"key":"9068_CR4","unstructured":"ARG (2002). Assessment for Learning: 10 Principles. Available on the Assessment Reform Group website: www.assessment-reform-group.org.uk ."},{"issue":"1","key":"9068_CR5","first-page":"18","volume":"2","author":"P. Black","year":"2007","unstructured":"Black, P. (2007). Full marks for feedback. Make the Grade: Journal of the Institute of Educational Assessors, 2(1), 18\u201321 (Spring).","journal-title":"Make the Grade: Journal of the Institute of Educational Assessors"},{"issue":"1","key":"9068_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/0969595980050102","volume":"5","author":"P. J. Black","year":"1998","unstructured":"Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998a). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education: Principles Policy and Practice, 5(1), 7\u201373.","journal-title":"Assessment in Education: Principles Policy and Practice"},{"key":"9068_CR7","volume-title":"Inside the black box: Raising standards through classroom assessment","author":"P. J. Black","year":"1998","unstructured":"Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998b). Inside the black box: Raising standards through classroom assessment. London: GL Assessment."},{"key":"9068_CR8","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Assessment and learning","author":"P. Black","year":"2006","unstructured":"Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2006). Developing a theory of formative assessment. In J. Gardner (Ed.), Assessment and learning (pp. 81\u2013100). London: Sage."},{"key":"9068_CR9","volume-title":"Working inside the black box: Assessment for learning in the classroom","author":"P. Black","year":"2002","unstructured":"Black, P., Harrison, C., Lee, C., Marshall, B., & Wiliam, D. (2002). Working inside the black box: Assessment for learning in the classroom. London: GL Assessment."},{"key":"9068_CR10","volume-title":"Assessment for learning: Putting it into practice","author":"P. Black","year":"2003","unstructured":"Black, P., Harrison, C., Lee, C., Marshall, B., & Wiliam, D. (2003). Assessment for learning: Putting it into practice. Buckingham: Open University Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"9068_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1080\/02671520600615612","volume":"21","author":"P. Black","year":"2006","unstructured":"Black, P., McCormick, R., James, M., & Pedder, D. (2006). Learning how to learn and assessment for learning: a theoretical inquiry. Research Papers in Education, 21(2), 119\u2013132.","journal-title":"Research Papers in Education"},{"key":"9068_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.98.4.750","volume":"98","author":"P. Blatchford","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blatchford, P., Baines, E., Rubie-Davies, C., Bassett, P., & Chowne, A. (2006). The effect of a new approach to group-work on pupil-pupil and teacher-pupil interaction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 750\u2013765.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"8","key":"9068_CR13","first-page":"4","volume":"41","author":"B. S. Bloom","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bloom, B. S. (1984). The search for methods of instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring. Educational Leadership, 41(8), 4\u201317.","journal-title":"Educational Leadership"},{"key":"9068_CR14","volume-title":"Connecting mathematical ideas: Middle school video cases to support teaching and learning","author":"J. Boaler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boaler, J., & Humphreys, C. (2005). Connecting mathematical ideas: Middle school video cases to support teaching and learning. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann."},{"issue":"2","key":"9068_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-0597.2005.00205.x","volume":"54","author":"M. Boekaerts","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boekaerts, M., & Corno, L. (2005). Self-regulation in the classroom: A perspective on assessment and intervention. Applied Psychology, 54(2), 199\u2013231.","journal-title":"Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9068_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-0597.2005.00201.x","volume":"54","author":"M. Boekaerts","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boekaerts, M., Maes, S., & Karoly, P. (2005). Self-regulation across domains of applied psychology: Is there an emerging consensus? Applied Psychology, 54(2), 149\u2013154.","journal-title":"Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9068_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01273730","volume":"27","author":"R. Bromme","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bromme, R., & Steinbring, H. (1994). Interactive development of subject matter in the mathematics classroom. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 27(3), 217\u2013248.","journal-title":"Educational Studies in Mathematics"},{"key":"9068_CR18","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Innovations in learning: New environments for education","author":"A. L. Brown","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brown, A. L., & Campione, J. C. (1996). Psychological theory and the design of innovative learning environments: on procedures, principles, and systems. In L. Schauble, & R. Glaser (Eds.), Innovations in learning: New environments for education (pp. 291\u2013292). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"issue":"4","key":"9068_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.79.4.474","volume":"79","author":"R. Butler","year":"1987","unstructured":"Butler, R. (1987). Task-involving and ego-involving properties of evaluation: effects of different feedback conditions on motivational perceptions, interest and performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 79(4), 474\u2013482.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9068_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8279.1988.tb00874.x","volume":"58","author":"R. Butler","year":"1988","unstructured":"Butler, R. (1988). Enhancing and undermining intrinsic motivation; the effects of task-involving and ego-involving evaluation on interest and performance. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 58(1), 1\u201314.","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"9068_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543065003245","volume":"65","author":"D. Butler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Butler, D., & Winne, P. H. (1995). Feedback as self-regulated learning: a theoretical synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 65, 245\u2013281.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"9068_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511840975.004","volume-title":"Vygotsky\u2019s educational theory and practice in cultural context","author":"S. Chaiklin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chaiklin, S. (2003). The zone of proximal development in Vygotsky\u2019s analysis of learning and instruction. In A. Kozulin, B. Gindis, V. S. Ageyev, & S. M. Miller (Eds.), Vygotsky\u2019s educational theory and practice in cultural context (pp. 39\u201364). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"9068_CR23","unstructured":"Ciofalo, J., & Wylie, C. E. (2006). Using diagnostic classroom assessment: one question at a time. Teachers College Record, January 10, 2006, http:\/\/www.tcrecord.org , ID Number: 12285."},{"key":"9068_CR24","volume-title":"Unlocking formative assessment","author":"S. Clarke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Clarke, S. (2001). Unlocking formative assessment. London: Hodder and Stoughton."},{"issue":"3","key":"9068_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2307\/749785","volume":"28","author":"B. Davis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davis, B. (1997). Listening for differences: an evolving conception of mathematics teaching. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 28(3), 355\u2013376.","journal-title":"Journal for Research in Mathematics Education"},{"key":"9068_CR26","volume-title":"Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality and development","author":"C. S. Dweck","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dweck, C. S. (2000). Self-theories: Their role in motivation, personality and development. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press."},{"key":"9068_CR27","volume-title":"Questioning and discussion: A multi-disciplinary study","author":"J. T. Dillon","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dillon, J. T. (1988). Questioning and discussion: A multi-disciplinary study. New York: Ablex."},{"key":"9068_CR28","volume-title":"Using discussion in classrooms","author":"J. T. Dillon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dillon, J. T. (1994). Using discussion in classrooms. London: Open University Press."},{"key":"9068_CR29","volume-title":"Dynamic assessment of cognitive modifiability","author":"R. Feuerstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Feuerstein, R., Falik, L., Rand, Y., & Feuerstein, R. S. (2003). Dynamic assessment of cognitive modifiability. Jerusalem: ICELP Press."},{"key":"9068_CR30","volume-title":"Teaching children to learn","author":"R. Fisher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fisher, R. (2005). Teaching children to learn (2nd ed.). London: Continuum.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"3","key":"9068_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430303953","volume":"77","author":"J. A. Greene","year":"2007","unstructured":"Greene, J. A., & Azvedo, R. (2007). A theoretical review of Winne and Hadwin\u2019s model of self-regulated learning: New perspectives and directions. Review of Educational Research, 77(3), 354\u2013372.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"9068_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hacker, D. J., Dunlosky, J., & Graesser, A. C. (Eds.) (1998). Metacognition in educational theory and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410602350"},{"issue":"2","key":"9068_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/03057640302043","volume":"33","author":"F. Hardman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hardman, F., Smith, F., & Wall, K. (2003). \u201cInteractive whole class teaching\u201d in the national literacy strategy. Cambridge Journal of Education, 33(2), 197\u2013215.","journal-title":"Cambridge Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"9068_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3102\/003465430298487","volume":"77","author":"J. Hattie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hattie, J., & Temperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81\u2013112.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"9068_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543070002151","volume":"70","author":"S. Hidi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hidi, S., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000). Motivating the academically unmotivated: A critical issue for the 21st century. Review of Educational Research, 70(2), 151\u2013179.","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"9068_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/09585170500135954","volume":"16","author":"J. Hodgen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hodgen, J., & Marshall, B. (2005). Assessment for learning in mathematics and English: Contrasts and resemblances. The Curriculum Journal, 16(2), 153\u2013176.","journal-title":"The Curriculum Journal"},{"key":"9068_CR37","volume-title":"Mathematics inside the black box","author":"J. Hodgen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hodgen, J., & Wiliam, D. (2006). Mathematics inside the black box. London: GL Assessment."},{"key":"9068_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203934319","volume-title":"Improving learning how to learn in classrooms, schools and networks","author":"M. James","year":"2007","unstructured":"James, M., Black, P., Carmichael, P., Drummond, M. -J., Fox, A., MacBeath, J., et al. (2007). Improving learning how to learn in classrooms, schools and networks. London: Routledge."},{"key":"9068_CR39","unstructured":"Knight, O. (2008). Create something interesting to show that you have learned something. Teaching History, 131, 17\u201324."},{"issue":"3","key":"9068_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/15434300701481127","volume":"4","author":"C. Leung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leung, C. (2007). Dynamic assessment: assessment for or as teaching? Language Assessment Quarterly, 4(3), 257\u2013278.","journal-title":"Language Assessment Quarterly"},{"key":"9068_CR41","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Questioning and discussion: A multidisciplinary study","author":"F. F. Lighthall","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lighthall, F. F. (1988). An organization watcher\u2019s view of questioning & discussion. In J. T. Dillon (Ed.), Questioning and discussion: A multidisciplinary study (pp. 135\u2013153). New York, NY: Ablex."},{"issue":"3","key":"9068_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.2307\/749827","volume":"32","author":"K. McClain","year":"2001","unstructured":"McClain, K., & Cobb, P. (2001). An analysis of development of sociomathematical norms in one first-grade classroom. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 32(3), 236\u2013266.","journal-title":"Journal for Research in Mathematics Education"},{"key":"9068_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674420106","volume-title":"Learning lessons: Social organization in the classroom","author":"H. Mehan","year":"1979","unstructured":"Mehan, H. (1979). Learning lessons: Social organization in the classroom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"9068_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/01411920410001689689","volume":"30","author":"N. Mercer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mercer, N., Dawes, L., Wegerif, R., & Sams, C. (2004). Reasoning as a scientist: Ways of helping children to use language to learn science. British Educational Research Journal, 30(3), 359\u2013377.","journal-title":"British Educational Research Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"9068_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/0969595980050105","volume":"5","author":"P. Perrenoud","year":"1998","unstructured":"Perrenoud, P. (1998). From formative evaluation to a controlled regulation of learning processes. Towards a wider conceptual field. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 5(1), 85\u2013102.","journal-title":"Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"9068_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1191\/1362168805lr166oa","volume":"9","author":"M. E. Poehner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Poehner, M. E., & Lantolf, J. P. (2005). Dynamic assessment in the language classroom. Language Teaching Research, 9(3), 233\u2013265.","journal-title":"Language Teaching Research"},{"key":"9068_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830280103","volume":"28","author":"A. Ramaprasad","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ramaprasad, A. (1983). On the definition of feedback. Behavioral Science, 28, 4\u201313.","journal-title":"Behavioral Science"},{"key":"9068_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1999.1020","volume":"25","author":"R. M. Ryan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54\u201367.","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"key":"9068_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00117714","volume":"18","author":"D. R. Sadler","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sadler, D. R. (1989). Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems. Instructional Science, 18, 119\u2013144.","journal-title":"Instructional Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"9068_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/0969595980050104","volume":"5","author":"D. R. Sadler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sadler, D. R. (1998). Formative assessment: revisiting the territory. Assessment in Education, 5(1), 77\u201384.","journal-title":"Assessment in Education"},{"key":"9068_CR51","unstructured":"Shayer, M., & Adey, P. (Eds.) (2002). Learning intelligence: cognitive acceleration across the curriculum 5 to 15 years. Milton Keynes: Open University Press."},{"key":"9068_CR52","unstructured":"Shulman, L. S. (2005). The signature pedagogies of the professions of law, medicine, engineering, and the clergy: potential lessons for the education of teachers. Paper presented at the National Science Foundation Mathematics and Science Partnerships Workshop: Teacher Education for Effective Teaching and Learning held at National Research Council Center for Education, Irvine, CA."},{"key":"9068_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/0471264385.wei0709","volume-title":"Handbook of psychology, vol 7: Educational psychology","author":"R. E. Slavin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Slavin, R. E., Hurley, E. A., & Chamberlain, A. M. (2003). Cooperative learning and achievement. In W. M. Reynolds & G. J. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of psychology, vol 7: Educational psychology (pp. 177\u2013198). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley."},{"issue":"3","key":"9068_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/01411920410001689706","volume":"30","author":"F. Smith","year":"2004","unstructured":"Smith, F., Hardman, F., Wall, K., & Mroz, M. (2004). Interactive whole class teaching in the National Literacy and Numeracy strategies. British Educational Research Journal, 30(3), 395\u2013411.","journal-title":"British Educational Research Journal"},{"key":"9068_CR55","volume-title":"Collaborative learning in mathematics: A challenge to our beliefs and practices","author":"M. Swan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Swan, M. (2006). Collaborative learning in mathematics: A challenge to our beliefs and practices. London: National Institute for Advanced and Continuing Education (NIACE) for the National Research and Development Centre for Adult Literacy and Numeracy (NRDC)."},{"key":"9068_CR56","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Questioning and discussion: A multidisciplinary study","author":"J. N. Swift","year":"1988","unstructured":"Swift, J. N., Gooding, C. T., & Swift, P. R. (1988). Questions and wait time. In J. T. Dillon (Ed.), Questioning and discussion: A multidisciplinary study (pp. 192\u2013211). New York, NY: Ablex."},{"key":"9068_CR57","unstructured":"Takahashi, A. (2008). Neriage: An essential piece of a problem-based lesson. Teaching through problem solving: A Japanese approach. Paper presented at the Annual conference of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Salt Lake City, UT."},{"issue":"1","key":"9068_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8527.2005.00283.x","volume":"53","author":"J. Threlfall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Threlfall, J. (2005). The formative use of assessment information in planning\u2014The notion of contingent planning. British Journal of Educational Studies, 53(1), 54\u201365.","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Studies"},{"key":"9068_CR59","volume-title":"Interaction in the language curriculum: Awareness, autonomy and authenticity","author":"L. Lier van","year":"1996","unstructured":"van Lier, L. (1996). Interaction in the language curriculum: Awareness, autonomy and authenticity. Harlow: Pearson Education."},{"issue":"2","key":"9068_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.92.2.308","volume":"92","author":"H. Vermeer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vermeer, H., Boekaerts, M., & Seegers, G. (2001). Motivational and gender differences: Sixth-grade students\u2019 mathematical problem-solving behaviour. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 308\u2013315.","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"9068_CR61","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Problems of representation in the teaching and learning of mathematics","author":"E. Glasersfeld von","year":"1987","unstructured":"von Glasersfeld, E. (1987). Learning as a constructive activity. In C. Janvier (Ed.), Problems of representation in the teaching and learning of mathematics (pp. 3\u201317). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"9068_CR62","volume-title":"Mind in Society","author":"L. Vygotsky","year":"1978","unstructured":"Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"9068_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532690xci1601_2","volume":"16","author":"B. Y. White","year":"1998","unstructured":"White, B. Y., & Frederiksen, J. R. (1998). Inquiry, modelling, and metacognition. Making science accessible to all students. Cognition and Instruction, 16(1), 3\u2013118.","journal-title":"Cognition and Instruction"},{"issue":"1","key":"9068_CR64","first-page":"19","volume":"6","author":"D. Wiliam","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wiliam, D. (2000). Formative assessment in mathematics part 3: the learner\u2019s role. Equals: Mathematics and Special Educational Needs, 6(1), 19\u201322.","journal-title":"Equals: Mathematics and Special Educational Needs"},{"key":"9068_CR65","first-page":"1053","volume-title":"Second handbook of mathematics teaching and learning","author":"D. Wiliam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wiliam, D. (2007a). Keeping learning on track: classroom assessment and the regulation of learning. In F. K. Lester Jr. (Ed.), Second handbook of mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 1053\u20131098). Greenwich, CT: Information Age."},{"key":"9068_CR66","first-page":"182","volume-title":"Ahead of the curve: The power of assessment to transform teaching and learning","author":"D. Wiliam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wiliam, D. (2007b). Content then process: Teacher learning communities in the service of formative assessment. In D. Reeves (Ed.), Ahead of the curve: The power of assessment to transform teaching and learning (pp. 182\u2013204). Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree."},{"key":"9068_CR67","first-page":"53","volume-title":"The future of assessment: Shaping teaching and learning","author":"D. Wiliam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wiliam, D., & Thompson, M. (2007). Integrating assessment with instruction: What will it take to make it work? In C. A. Dwyer (Ed.), The future of assessment: Shaping teaching and learning (pp. 53\u201382). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"issue":"1","key":"9068_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/0969594042000208994","volume":"11","author":"D. Wiliam","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wiliam, D., Lee, C., Harrison, C., & Black, P. (2004). Teachers developing assessment for learning: impact on student achievement. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 11(1), 49\u201365.","journal-title":"Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"9068_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-0597.2005.00206.x","volume":"54","author":"P. H. Winne","year":"2005","unstructured":"Winne, P. H. (2005). Key issues in modelling and applying research on self-regulated learning. Applied Psychology, 54(2), 232\u2013238.","journal-title":"Applied Psychology"},{"key":"9068_CR70","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Metacognition in educational theory and practice","author":"P. H. Winne","year":"1998","unstructured":"Winne, P. H., & Hadwin, A. F. (1998). Studying as self-regulated learning. In D. J. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. C. Graesser (Eds.),Metacognition in educational theory and practice (pp. 277\u2013304). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum."},{"key":"9068_CR71","unstructured":"Wylie, E. C., & Wiliam, D. (2006). Diagnostic questions: is there value in just one? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. San Francisco, CA."},{"key":"9068_CR72","unstructured":"Wylie, E. C., & Wiliam, D. (2007). Analyzing diagnostic questions: what makes a student response interpretable? Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Measurement in Education. Chicago, IL."}],"container-title":["Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11092-008-9068-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11092-008-9068-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11092-008-9068-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T20:21:42Z","timestamp":1710361302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11092-008-9068-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11092-008-9068-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1874-8597","1874-8600"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1874-8597","type":"print"},{"value":"1874-8600","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]]}}}