{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:54:40Z","timestamp":1777931680002,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686960000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006752","name":"Universidade do Porto","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Clin Pharm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Different questionnaires assess self-reported medication adherence and others quantify aspects of patients attitudes towards medication, but not together in a single instrument. Gathering these two aspects in a single instrument could reduce patients survey burden.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The aim of this study was to develop the Medication Adherence Universal Questionnaire (MAUQ) using the Maastricht Utrecht Adherence in Hypertension short version (MUAH-16) factorial structure as the hypothesized model.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A multistep process started with the modification of the MUAH-16 to obtain the MAUQ. Patients using at least one antihypertensive medicine were recruited. The two questionnaires, the MUAH-16 and MAUQ, were applied. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using the initial MUAH-16\u00a0s-order 4-factor model. An additional bifactor model with four uncorrelated factors and an overall score was tested. The comparative fit index (CFI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) with confidence intervals (CIs), and standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) were used to assess both models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A sample of 300 hypertensive patients completed the instruments. The CFA with the second-order 4-factor solution resulted in similar results for the MUAH-16 and MAUQ: CFIs of 0.934 and 0.930, RMSEAs of 0.043 [CI 0.030\u20130.056] and 0.045 [CI 0.031\u20130.057] and SRMRs of 0.060 and 0.061, respectively. The CFA with the bifactor model showed slightly better results for both the MUAH-16 and MAUQ: CFIs of 0.974 and 0.976, RMSEAs of 0.030 [CI 0.005\u20130.046] and 0.028 [CI 0.001\u20130.044], and SRMRs of 0.043 and 0.044, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>CFA demonstrated that the MAUQ presented a better fit to both models than the MUAH-16, obtaining a robust universal free instrument to assess medicine-taking behaviour and four medicine beliefs components.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-023-01612-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]],"date-time":"2023-06-17T12:01:25Z","timestamp":1687003285000},"page":"999-1006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Development and validation of a Medication Adherence Universal Questionnaire: the MAUQ"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6973-0544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Cabral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8582-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Lavrador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6533-9932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Castel-Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0127-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel Vit\u00f3ria","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8529-9595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Fernandez-Llimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1612_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Adherence to long-term therapies\u2014evidence for action 2003. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/42682\/9241545992.pdf. Accessed 15 Dec 2022."},{"key":"1612_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-023-01560-6","author":"R Sawalha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sawalha R, Hosseinzadeh H, Bajorek B. Culturally and linguistically diverse patients\u2019 perspectives and experiences on medicines management in Australia: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pharm. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-023-01560-6.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"key":"1612_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2016.00429","volume":"7","author":"SS Allemann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Allemann SS, van den Nieuwlaat R, et al. Matching adherence interventions to patient determinants using the theoretical domains Framework. Front Pharmacol. 2016;7:429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2016.00429.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1612_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-019-1219-3","volume":"20","author":"C Gregoriano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gregoriano C, Dieterle T, Breitenstein AL, et al. Does a tailored intervention to promote adherence in patients with chronic lung disease affect exacerbations? A randomized controlled trial. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12931-019-1219-3.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"1612_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510339","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.510339","volume":"11","author":"HY Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu HY, Yu YJ, Zhang QH, et al. Tailored interventions to improve medication adherence for cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:510339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2020.510339.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1612_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-023-01562-4","author":"AC Livori","year":"2023","unstructured":"Livori AC, Pol D, Levkovich B, et al. Optimising adherence to secondary prevention medications following acute coronary syndrome utilising telehealth cardiology pharmacist clinics: a matched cohort study. Int J Clin Pharm. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-023-01562-4.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"1612_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.05.004","volume":"64","author":"S Clifford","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clifford S, Barber N, Horne R. Understanding different beliefs held by adherers, unintentional nonadherers, and intentional nonadherers: application of the necessity-concerns Framework. J Psychosom Res. 2008;64(1):41\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.05.004.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1612_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3999(99)00057-4","volume":"47","author":"R Horne","year":"1999","unstructured":"Horne R, Weinman J. Patients\u2019 beliefs about prescribed medicines and their role in adherence to treatment in chronic physical illness. J Psychosom Res. 1999;47(6):555\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3999(99)00057-4.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1612_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e80633","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080633","volume":"8","author":"R Horne","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horne R, Chapman SC, Parham R, et al. Understanding patients\u2019 adherence-related beliefs about medicines prescribed for long-term conditions: a meta-analytic review of the necessity-concerns Framework. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(12):e80633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0080633.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"1612_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1590\/s1516-31802013000100018","volume":"131","author":"T Salgado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salgado T, Marques A, Geraldes L, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation of the beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire into Portuguese. Sao Paulo Med J. 2013;131(2):88\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s1516-31802013000100018.","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1612_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12194","volume":"77","author":"TM Nguyen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nguyen TM, La Caze A, Cottrell N. What are validated self-report adherence scales really measuring? A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;77(3):427\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.12194.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1612_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2005.12.010","volume":"64","author":"G Wetzels","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wetzels G, Nelemans P, van Wijk B, et al. Determinants of poor adherence in hypertensive patients: development and validation of the \u201cMaastricht Utrecht Adherence in Hypertension (MUAH)-questionnaire. Patient Educ Couns. 2006;64(1\u20133):151\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pec.2005.12.010.","journal-title":"Patient Educ Couns"},{"issue":"1","key":"1612_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.13137","volume":"20","author":"AC Cabral","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cabral AC, Castel-Branco M, Caramona M, et al. Developing an adherence in hypertension questionnaire short version: MUAH-16. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2018;20(1):118\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.13137.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"1612_CR14","volume-title":"An easy guide to factor analysis","author":"P Kline","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kline P. An easy guide to factor analysis. New York: Routledge; 1994. ISBN: 9780415094900."},{"key":"1612_CR15","volume-title":"A first course in factor analysis","author":"AL Comrey","year":"1992","unstructured":"Comrey AL, Lee HB. A first course in factor analysis. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1992. ISBN: 9781315827506."},{"key":"1612_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.126.3.237","volume":"126","author":"BS Everitt","year":"1975","unstructured":"Everitt BS. Multivariate analysis: the need for data, and other problems. Br J Psychiatry. 1975;126:237\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.126.3.237.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1612_CR17","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis","author":"JF Hair","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hair JF, Anderson RE, Tatham RL et al. Multivariate data analysis. Saddle River: Prentice Hall; 1995. ISBN: 9780139133107."},{"key":"1612_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"H Wickham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wickham H. ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer; 2016. ISBN: 978-0-387-98141-3."},{"issue":"8476","key":"1612_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","volume":"1","author":"JM Bland","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1(8476):307\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1612_CR20","unstructured":"Lehnert B. BlandAltmanLeh: Plots. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/BlandAltmanLeh\/index.html. Accessed 15 Dec 2022."},{"issue":"2","key":"1612_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","volume":"48","author":"Y Rosseel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rosseel Y. lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling. J Stat Softw. 2012;48(2):1\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v048.i02.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"9913","key":"1612_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62228-X","volume":"383","author":"P Glasziou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Glasziou P, Altman DG, Bossuyt P, et al. Reducing waste from incomplete or unusable reports of biomedical research. Lancet. 2014;383(9913):267\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62228-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1612_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0543","volume":"169","author":"S De Geest","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Geest S, Zullig LL, Dunbar-Jacob J, et al. ESPACOMP medication adherence reporting guideline (EMERGE). Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(1):30\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M18-0543.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1612_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04167.x","volume":"73","author":"B Vrijens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vrijens B, De Geest S, Hughes DA, et al. A new taxonomy for describing and defining adherence to medications. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;73(5):691\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04167.x.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1612_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"MR000030","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.MR000030.pub2","volume":"11","author":"L Turner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Turner L, Shamseer L, Altman DG, et al. Consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) and the completeness of reporting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in medical journals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;11(11):MR000030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.MR000030.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1612_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy197","volume":"48","author":"FS Tonin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tonin FS, Borba HH, Leonart LP, et al. Methodological quality assessment of network meta-analysis of drug interventions: implications from a systematic review. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48(2):620\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyy197.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1612_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-017-1765-4","volume":"27","author":"LB Mokkink","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mokkink LB, de Vet HCW, Prinsen CAC, et al. COSMIN risk of bias checklist for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1171\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-017-1765-4.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1612_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13187","volume":"54","author":"C Bull","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bull C, Byrnes J, Hettiarachchi R, et al. A systematic review of the validity and reliability of patient-reported experience measures. Health Serv Res. 2019;54(5):1023\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.13187.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1612_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2011.09154","volume":"51","author":"SM Lavsa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lavsa SM, Holzworth A, Ansani NT. Selection of a validated scale for measuring medication adherence. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2011;51(1):90\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1331\/JAPhA.2011.09154.","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1612_CR30","first-page":"55","volume":"38","author":"J Culig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Culig J, Leppee M. From Morisky to Hill-bone; self-reports scales for measuring adherence to medication. Coll Antropol. 2014;38(1):55\u201362.","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1612_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.30968\/rbfhss.2021.121.0610","volume":"12","author":"TB Azeredo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azeredo TB, Reis RD, Fernandez-Llimos F. Scales and questionnaires under copyright: additional barriers to health research. Rev Bras Farm Hosp Serv Saude. 2021;12(1):610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.30968\/rbfhss.2021.121.0610.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Farm Hosp Serv Saude"},{"issue":"4","key":"1612_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X10376704","volume":"22","author":"M Wenemark","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wenemark M, Hollman Frisman G, Svensson T, et al. Respondent satisfaction and respondent burden among differently motivated participants in a health-related survey. Field Methods. 2010;22(4):378\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1525822X10376704.","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"1612_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.003","volume":"14","author":"S Rolstad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rolstad S, Adler J, Ryden A. Response burden and questionnaire length: is shorter better? A review and meta-analysis. Value Health. 2011;14(8):1101\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2011.06.003.","journal-title":"Value Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-024-01795-x","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000}}],"container-title":["International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11096-023-01612-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11096-023-01612-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11096-023-01612-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T06:14:59Z","timestamp":1724825699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11096-023-01612-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-023-01612-x","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s11096-024-01795-x","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2210-7703","2210-7711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-7703","type":"print"},{"value":"2210-7711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-024-01795-x","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-024-01795-x","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}