{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T11:33:13Z","timestamp":1770982393694,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Office of Research at American International University-Bangladesh"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Photon Netw Commun"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11107-025-01035-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T15:14:20Z","timestamp":1768403660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High speed and spectrally efficient FSO communication: a 1.376 Tbit\/s hybrid PDM-CO-OFDM-WDM architecture"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7813-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arajit","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2354-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Reefaz","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5331-3906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Nasir","family":"Uddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1035_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2024-0011","author":"R Saiyyed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saiyyed, R., Sindhwani, M., Ambudkar, B., Sachdeva, S., Kumar, A., Shukla, M.K.: Free space optical communication system: a review of practical constraints, applications, and challenges. J. Opt. Commun. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2024-0011","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"1035_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2014.2329501","volume":"16","author":"MA Khalighi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khalighi, M.A., Uysal, M.: Survey on free space optical communication: a communication theory perspective. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 16(4), 2231\u20132258 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2014.2329501","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"issue":"s1","key":"1035_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s739","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2019-0236","volume":"44","author":"M Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, M., Dhasarathan, V.: Enhanced performance analysis of 10 Gbit\/s\u201310 GHz OFDM-based radio over FSO transmission system incorporating ODSB and OSSB modulation schemes. J. Opt. Commun. 44(s1), s739\u2013s749 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2019-0236","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"key":"1035_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7353","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3048049","volume":"9","author":"SA Al-Gailani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Gailani, S.A., Mohd Salleh, M.F., Salem, A.A., Shaddad, R.Q., Sheikh, U.U., Algeelani, N.A., Almohamad, T.A.: A survey of free space optics (FSO) communication systems, links, and networks. IEEE Access 9, 7353\u20137373 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3048049","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1035_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4157554","author":"S Chaurasia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chaurasia, S., Kumar, A.: OFDM (Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) simulation applying matlab. SSRN Electron. J. Aece (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.4157554","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J. Aece"},{"key":"1035_CR6","unstructured":"Miftah, C., Sagir, M., Bin, S., Reza, A., Faridi, S., Roy, M., & Uddin, M. N. (2018). 3.52 TBPS HYBRID OFDM WDM PON COVERING 120-KM LONG-REACH DISTANCE USING 4-ARY QAM & DIRECT DETECTION TECHNIQUE FOR BEYOND NG-PON-2 APPLICATIONS. 13(23). www.arpnjournals.com"},{"issue":"s1","key":"1035_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1141","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2019-0223","volume":"44","author":"A Grover","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grover, A., Sheetal, A.: Improved performance investigation of 10\u2006Gb\/s\u201310\u2006GHz 4-QAM based OFDM-Ro-FSO transmission link. J. Opt. Commun. 44(s1), s1141\u2013s1148 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2019-0223","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"key":"1035_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2024-0021","author":"S Attri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Attri, S., Madhu, C., Kaur, D.: Performance analysis of 4QAM-OFDM-FSO link under rain weather conditions. J. Opt. Commun. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2024-0021","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"1035_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-022-04392-2","volume":"55","author":"A Armghan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Armghan, A., Singh, M., Aliqab, K., Alenezi, F., Alsharari, M., Ali, F., Elhamrawy, O.I.: A 112 Gbps flexible fiber-free space optics convergent passive optical network system for broadcasting high-speed data traffic under different weather conditions. Opt. Quantum Electron. 55(1), 1\u201313 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11082-022-04392-2","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"issue":"1","key":"1035_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2020.10.008","volume":"60","author":"M Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh, M., Malhotra, J., Mani Rajan, M.S., Vigneswaran, D., Aly, M.H.: A long-haul 100 Gbps hybrid PDM\/CO-OFDM FSO transmission system: impact of climate conditions and atmospheric turbulence. Alex. Eng. J. 60(1), 785\u2013794 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aej.2020.10.008","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"1035_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nahar, S., Arnob, M. R. M., & Uddin, M. N. (2022). Design of 32x20 Gbps hybrid technique of PDM-WDM and its performance analysis for channel capacity enhancement. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Computing Advancements, 103\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3542954.3542970","DOI":"10.1145\/3542954.3542970"},{"issue":"3","key":"1035_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07972-1","volume":"117","author":"M Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh, M., Malhotra, J., Atieh, A., El-Khozondar, H.J., Dhasarathan, V.: Performance investigation of 1.6 Tbps hybrid WDM-PDM-OFDM-based free space optics transmission link. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 117(3), 2285\u20132309 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11277-020-07972-1","journal-title":"Wirel. Pers. Commun."},{"issue":"s1","key":"1035_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1521","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2020-0247","volume":"44","author":"AKMSJ Choyon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choyon, A.K.M.S.J., Chowdhury, R.: Design of 16\u00a0\u00d7\u00a040\u00a0Gbps hybrid PDM-WDM FSO communication system and its performance comparison with the traditional model under diverse weather conditions of Bangladesh. J. Opt. Commun. 44(s1), s1521\u2013s1533 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2020-0247","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"18","key":"1035_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2014.05.036","volume":"125","author":"S Chaudhary","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaudhary, S., Amphawan, A., Nisar, K.: Realization of free space optics with OFDM under atmospheric turbulence. Optik 125(18), 5196\u20135198 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijleo.2014.05.036","journal-title":"Optik"},{"issue":"1","key":"1035_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-015-0272-5","volume":"48","author":"N Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar, N., Teixeira, A.L.J.: 10 Gbit\/s OFDM based FSO communication system using M-QAM modulation with enhanced detection. Opt. Quantum Electron. 48(1), 1\u20137 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11082-015-0272-5","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"issue":"3","key":"1035_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.9790\/2834-1603011422","volume":"16","author":"M Swain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Swain, M., Tripathy, A.: Performance analysis of PDM-CO-OFDM in FSO communication system under various weather conditions. IOSR J. Electron. Commun. Eng. (IOSR-JECE) 16(3), 14\u201322 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9790\/2834-1603011422","journal-title":"IOSR J. Electron. Commun. Eng. (IOSR-JECE)"},{"key":"1035_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yarra, N. S. V. M., A, S. R., & K, E. M. (2023). 80 Gb\/s OAM-PDM-OQPSK FSO system under extensive weather conditions-Performance analysis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36227\/techrxiv.24024315.v1","DOI":"10.36227\/techrxiv.24024315.v1"},{"key":"1035_CR18","unstructured":"Majeed, A.A., Ghazi, A., Al-Dawoodi, A.R., Aljunid, S., Ameen, K.A., Idrus, S.Z.: Investigation of 8 x 5 Gb\/s mode division multiplexing-fso system under different weather condition. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. 14(2), 674\u2013681 (2019). Available: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/349456070"},{"issue":"7","key":"1035_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2021.10.043","volume":"61","author":"M Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh, M., Atieh, A., Grover, A., Barukab, O.: Performance analysis of 40 Gb\/s free space optics transmission based on orbital angular momentum multiplexed beams. Alex. Eng. J. 61(7), 5203\u20135212 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aej.2021.10.043","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"1035_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2022.934848","author":"M Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh, M., K\u0159\u00ed\u017e, J., Kamruzzaman, M.M., Dhasarathan, V., Sharma, A., Abd El-Mottaleb, S.A.: Design of a high-speed OFDM-SAC-OCDMA-based FSO system using EDW codes for supporting 5G data services and smart city applications. Front. Phys. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphy.2022.934848","journal-title":"Front. Phys."},{"key":"1035_CR21","unstructured":"Singh, K., Singh, M., & Grover, A. (2024). PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A 320-GBPS INTEGRATED MDM-DWDM-FSO TRANSMISSION LINK UNDER ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS. In OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS-RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (Vol. 18, Issue 4). https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/381671009"},{"key":"1035_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-022-04534-6","author":"M Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh, M., Aly, M.H., El-Mottaleb, S.A.A.: Performance analysis of a 448 Gbps PDM\/WDM\/16-QAM hybrid SMF\/FSO system for last mile connectivity. Opt. Quantum Electron. (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11082-022-04534-6","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"1035_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23020786","author":"S Sachdeva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sachdeva, S., Kaur, S., Arora, R., Sindhwani, M., Arora, K., Cho, W., Joshi, G.P., Doo, I.C.: Ultra-high capacity optical satellite communication system using PDM-256-QAM and optical angular momentum beams. Sensors (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23020786","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1035_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2022-0161","author":"V Kaushik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaushik, V., Saini, H.: QCOB: a novel QPSK coherent optical OFDM modulation technique for mitigation of fiber impairments. J. Opt. Commun. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2022-0161","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"key":"1035_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12596-023-01554-7","author":"V Kaushik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaushik, V., Saini, H.: Selection of optical filters for optimization of different parameters in a coherent optical 16-QAM CO-OFDM modulation system. J. Opt. (India) (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12596-023-01554-7","journal-title":"J. Opt. (India)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1035_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-021-02736-y","volume":"53","author":"U Choudhary","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choudhary, U., Janyani, V., Khan, M.A.: Optical phase conjugation with dual frame OFDM for dispersion and nonlinearity mitigation over multimode fiber. Opt. Quantum Electron. 53(2), 1\u201311 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11082-021-02736-y","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"issue":"4","key":"1035_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1007\/s12596-022-01090-w","volume":"52","author":"A Choudhary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choudhary, A., Agrawal, N.K.: Designing of high-speed inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC) system incorporating multilevel 3-D orthogonal modulation scheme. J. Opt. (India) 52(4), 2130\u20132138 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12596-022-01090-w","journal-title":"J. Opt. (India)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1035_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.53799\/ajse.v23i2.1147","volume":"23","author":"F Islam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Islam, F., Uddin, M.N.: Empirical analysis of the SAC-OCDMA-WDM system in C-Band frequency by leveraging the AND subtraction technique. AIUB J. Sci. Eng. 23(2), 145\u2013157 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53799\/ajse.v23i2.1147","journal-title":"AIUB J. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"1035_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2019-0032","volume":"41","author":"H Djellab","year":"2019","unstructured":"Djellab, H., Bouarfa, A., Bojanic, S.: Performance evaluation of system in free space optic utilizing Gaussian optical filter in different detection scheme. J. Opt. Commun. 41(1), 31\u201336 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2019-0032","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"1035_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3120087","volume":"24","author":"A Chaaban","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaaban, A., Rezki, Z., Alouini, M.-S.: On the capacity of intensity-modulation direct-detection Gaussian optical wireless communication channels: a tutorial. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor. 24(1), 455\u2013491 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMST.2021.3120087","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"1035_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093202","author":"FA Dicandia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dicandia, F.A., Genovesi, S.: Spectral efficiency improvement of 5G massive MIMO systems for high-altitude platform stations by using triangular lattice arrays. Sensors (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s21093202","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1035_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/e24040481","author":"A Gir\u00f3n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gir\u00f3n, A., Rivera, E., G\u00f3mez, G.: Measurement of the spectral efficiency of a heterogeneous network architecture of the NG-PON type for a quasilinear propagation regime. Entropy (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e24040481","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"s1","key":"1035_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1747","DOI":"10.1515\/joc-2021-0113","volume":"44","author":"R Chowdhury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chowdhury, R., Choyon, A.K.M.S.J.: Design and performance analysis of spectral-efficient hybrid CPDM-CO-OFDM FSO communication system under diverse weather conditions. J. Opt. Commun. 44(s1), s1747\u2013s1766 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/joc-2021-0113","journal-title":"J. Opt. Commun."},{"key":"1035_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.06.024","volume":"93","author":"S Chaudhary","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chaudhary, S., Tang, X., Wei, X.: Comparison of Laguerre-Gaussian and donut modes for MDM-WDM in OFDM-Ro-FSO transmission system. AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun. 93, 208\u2013214 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.06.024","journal-title":"AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun."},{"key":"1035_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics11010058","author":"C \u00c1lvarez-Roa","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Roa, C., \u00c1lvarez-Roa, M., Raddo, T.R., Jurado-Navas, A., Castillo-V\u00e1zquez, M.: Cooperative terrestrial\u2013underwater FSO system: design and performance analysis. Photonics (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/photonics11010058","journal-title":"Photonics"},{"key":"1035_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Saha, A., Alam, M. M., Chakraborty, S., Rahman, M. R., & Nasir Uddin, M. (2025). Hybrid Multiplexing-Based Free Space Optics System for High-Capacity Communication Under Rain-Induced Impairments. In: 2025 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering, ECCE 2025, February, 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ECCE64574.2025.11013055","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE64574.2025.11013055"},{"issue":"1","key":"1035_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-023-05722-8","volume":"56","author":"M Kumari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saha, A., Chakraborty, S., Alam, M. M., Khan, M. and Uddin, M. N. (2025). Performance Analysis of PDM-CO-OFDM 8 WDM Channel Based FSO Link in Adverse Rain Weather Conditions. In 2025 International Conference on Quantum Photonics, Artificial Intelligence, and Networking (QPAIN), 2025, 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/QPAIN66474.2025.11171735.","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"1035_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12596-024-01936-5","author":"EE Elsayed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Elsayed, E.E.: Performance enhancement in FSO relay systems with MISO via multi-hop M-ary PPM integrating and spatial modulation over gamma\u2013gamma channels. J. Opt. (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12596-024-01936-5","journal-title":"J. Opt."},{"issue":"3","key":"1035_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.9734\/psij\/2024\/v28i3829","volume":"28","author":"D Kone","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kone, D., Kamenan, K.A., Kamagate, A.: Improving FSO link performance using PolSK modulation. Phys. Sci. Int. J. 28(3), 24\u201340 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/psij\/2024\/v28i3829","journal-title":"Phys. Sci. Int. J."}],"container-title":["Photonic Network Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-025-01035-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11107-025-01035-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11107-025-01035-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T10:28:56Z","timestamp":1770978536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11107-025-01035-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11107-025-01035-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-974X","1572-8188"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-974X","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-8188","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors state that none of the work described in this study may have been influenced by any known conflicting financial interests or relationships.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"5"}}