{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:22:02Z","timestamp":1790680922927,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,27]],"date-time":"2007-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Qual Quant"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-007-9105-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,26]],"date-time":"2007-03-26T08:22:58Z","timestamp":1174897378000},"page":"265-275","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1015,"title":["A typology of mixed methods research designs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Nancy L.","family":"Leech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Onwuegbuzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"9105_CR1","volume-title":"New Hope for People with Low Incomes: Two-year Results of a Program to Reduce Poverty and Reform Welfare","author":"J. Bos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bos J., Huston A.C., Granger R., Duncan G., Brock T., McLoyd W.C. (1999). New Hope for People with Low Incomes: Two-year Results of a Program to Reduce Poverty and Reform Welfare. Manpower Research Demonstration Corporation, New York"},{"key":"9105_CR2","volume-title":"Implementing mathematics curricula standards: Effective instruction for \u201call\u201d students?","author":"K.M.T. Collins","year":"2000, October","unstructured":"Collins K.M.T. (2000, October). Implementing mathematics curricula standards: Effective instruction for \u201call\u201d students?. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the mid-western Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL"},{"key":"9105_CR3","volume-title":"Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches","author":"J.W. Creswell","year":"1994","unstructured":"Creswell J.W. (1994). Research Design: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR4","volume-title":"Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research","author":"J.W. Creswell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Creswell J.W. (2002). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ"},{"key":"9105_CR5","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research","author":"J.W. Creswell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Creswell J.W., Plano Clark V.L., Guttmann M.L., Hanson E.E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research design. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research, pp 209\u2013240. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR6","first-page":"513","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research.","author":"S.C. Currall","year":"2003","unstructured":"Currall S.C., Towler A.J. (2003). Research methods in management and organizational research: toward integration of qualitative and quantitative techniques. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research., pp 513\u2013526. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.3200\/SOCP.144.6.549-570","volume":"144","author":"C.E. Daley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Daley C.E., Onwuegbuzie A.J. (2004). Attributions toward violence of male juvenile delinquents: a concurrent mixed methods analysis. J. Soc. Psychol. 144: 549\u2013570","journal-title":"J. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"9105_CR8","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn.","author":"N.K. Denzin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Denzin N.K., Lincoln Y.S. (2000). Introduction: the discipline and practice of qualitative research. In: Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S. (eds) Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn., pp 1\u201328. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA","edition":"2"},{"key":"9105_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-199309000-00009","volume":"16","author":"L.C. Dzurec","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dzurec L.C., Abraham J.L. (1993). The nature of inquiry: linking quantitative and qualitative research. Adv. Nurs. Sci. 16: 73\u201379","journal-title":"Adv. Nurs. Sci."},{"key":"9105_CR10","first-page":"527","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research.","author":"M.S. Forthofer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Forthofer M.S. (2003). Status of mixed methods in the health sciences. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research., pp 527\u2013540. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greene J.C., Caracelli V.J.: Advances in Mixed-Method Evaluation: The Challenges and Benefits of Integrating Diverse Paradigms (New Directions for Evaluation, NO. 74). Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (1997)","DOI":"10.1002\/ev.1069"},{"key":"9105_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.3102\/01623737011003255","volume":"11","author":"J.C. Greene","year":"1989","unstructured":"Greene J.C., Caracelli V.J., Graham W.F. (1989). Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Educ. Eval. Policy Anal. 11: 255\u2013274","journal-title":"Educ. Eval. Policy Anal."},{"key":"9105_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1999.00973.x","volume":"29","author":"M. Hayter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hayter M. (1999). Burnout and AIDS care-related factors in HIV community clinical nurse specialists in the north of England. J. Adv. Nurs. 29: 984\u2013993","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"9105_CR14","first-page":"577","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research","author":"A. Hunter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hunter A., Brewer J. (2003). Multimethod research in sociology. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research, pp 577\u2013594. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"issue":"7","key":"9105_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X033007014","volume":"33","author":"R.B. Johnson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Johnson R.B., Onwuegbuzie A.J. (2004). Mixed methods research: a research paradigm whose time has come. Educ. Res. 33(7): 14\u201326","journal-title":"Educ. Res."},{"key":"9105_CR16","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research","author":"J.A. Maxwell","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maxwell J.A., Loomis D.M. (2003). Mixed methods design: an alternative approach. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research, pp 241\u2013272. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR17","volume-title":"Research in Education: A Conceptual Introduction, 5th edn","author":"J.H. McMillan","year":"2001","unstructured":"McMillan J.H., Schumacher S. (2001). Research in Education: A Conceptual Introduction, 5th edn. Longman, New York, NY","edition":"5"},{"key":"9105_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/104973239800800307","volume":"3","author":"D.L. Morgan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Morgan D.L. (1998). Practical strategies for combining qualitative and quantitative methods: applications to health research. Qual. Health Res. 3: 362\u2013376","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"9105_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-199103000-00014","volume":"40","author":"J.M. Morse","year":"1991","unstructured":"Morse J.M. (1991). Approaches to qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulation. Nurs. Res. 40: 120\u2013123","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"key":"9105_CR20","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research","author":"J.M. Morse","year":"2003","unstructured":"Morse J.M. (2003). Principles of mixed methods and multimethod research design. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research, pp 189\u2013208. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR21","unstructured":"Onwuegbuzie A.J., Daniel L.G., eds. (2006) Special issue on mixed methods research [Special issue]. Res. Schools 13(1): 1\u201399"},{"key":"9105_CR22","first-page":"61","volume":"8","author":"A.J. Onwuegbuzie","year":"2001","unstructured":"Onwuegbuzie A.J., DaRos-Voseles D.A. (2001). The role of cooperative learning in research methodology courses: a mixed-methods analysis. Res. Schools 8: 61\u201375","journal-title":"Res. Schools"},{"key":"9105_CR23","volume-title":"Library Anxiety: Theory, Research, and Applications","author":"A.J. Onwuegbuzie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Onwuegbuzie A.J., Jiao Q.G., Bostick S.L. (2004). Library Anxiety: Theory, Research, and Applications. Scarecrow Press, Lanham, MD"},{"key":"9105_CR24","first-page":"408","volume-title":"Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches.","author":"A.J. Onwuegbuzie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Onwuegbuzie A.J., Johnson R.B. (2004). Mixed method and mixed model research. In: Johnson, R.B., Christensen, L.B. (eds) Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Approaches., pp 408\u2013431. Allyn and Bacon, Needham Heights, MA"},{"key":"9105_CR25","volume-title":"Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods","author":"M.Q. Patton","year":"1990","unstructured":"Patton M.Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Sage, Newbury Park, CA","edition":"2"},{"key":"9105_CR26","first-page":"491","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research.","author":"S.F. Rallis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rallis S.F., Rossman G.B. (2003). Mixed methods in evaluation context: a pragmatic framework. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research., pp 491\u2013512. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR27","first-page":"595","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research.","author":"T.S. Rocco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rocco T.S., Bliss L.A., Gallagher S., Perez-Prado A., Alacaci C., Dwyer E.S., Fine J.C., Pappamihiel N.E. (2003). The pragmatic and dialectical lenses: two views of mixed methods use in education. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research., pp 595\u2013615. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.1025","volume":"24","author":"M. Sandelowski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sandelowski M. (2001). Real qualitative researchers don\u2019t count: the use of numbers in qualitative research. Res. Nurs. Health 24: 230\u2013240","journal-title":"Res. Nurs. Health"},{"key":"9105_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1123\/jtpe.21.3.309","volume":"21","author":"T.A. Senne","year":"2002","unstructured":"Senne T.A., Rikard G.L. (2002). Experiencing the portfolio process during the internship: a comparative analysis of two PETE portfolio models. J. Teach. Phys. Educ. 21: 309\u2013336","journal-title":"J. Teach. Phys. Educ."},{"key":"9105_CR30","volume-title":"Mixed Methodology: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Applied Social Research Methods Series, vol. 46","author":"A. Tashakkori","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tashakkori A., Teddlie C. (1998). Mixed Methodology: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Applied Social Research Methods Series, vol. 46. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR31","volume-title":"Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research","year":"2003a","unstructured":"Tashakkori A., Teddlie C., eds. (2003a). Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioral research. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR32","first-page":"671","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research.","author":"A. Tashakkori","year":"2003b","unstructured":"Tashakkori A., Teddlie C. (2003b). The past and future of mixed methods research: from data triangulation to mixed model designs. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research., pp 671\u2013701. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/105268469700700604","volume":"7","author":"D.L. Taylor","year":"1997","unstructured":"Taylor D.L., Tashakkori A. (1997). Toward an understanding of teachers\u2019 desire for participation in decision making. J. School Leadership 7: 1\u201320","journal-title":"J. School Leadership"},{"key":"9105_CR34","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research.","author":"C. Teddlie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Teddlie C., Tashakkori A. (2003). Major issues and controversies in the use mixed methods in the social and behavioral sciences. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research., pp 3\u201350. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR35","first-page":"541","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research.","author":"S. Twinn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Twinn S. (2003). Status of mixed methods research in nursing. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research., pp 541\u2013556. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR36","first-page":"557","volume-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research.","author":"C. Waszak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Waszak C., Sines M.C. (2003). Mixed methods in psychological research. In: Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (eds) Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research., pp 557\u2013576. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA"},{"key":"9105_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/109821409701800304","volume":"18","author":"M. Waysman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Waysman M., Savaya R. (1997). Mixed method evaluation: a case study. Eval. Pract. 18: 227\u2013237","journal-title":"Eval. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"9105_CR38","first-page":"10","volume":"4","author":"T. Weisner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Weisner T. (2000). Understanding better the lives of poor families: ethnographic and survey studies in the New Hope experiment. Poverty Res. News 4(1): 10\u201312","journal-title":"Poverty Res. News"}],"container-title":["Quality &amp; Quantity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11135-007-9105-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11135-007-9105-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11135-007-9105-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T03:44:52Z","timestamp":1559360692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11135-007-9105-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,27]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11135-007-9105-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-5177","1573-7845"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-5177","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7845","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,27]]}}}